Res judicata

Res judicata or res iudicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for "a matter [already] judged", and may refer to two concepts: in both civil law and common law legal systems, a case in which there has been a final judgment and is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar continued litigation of such cases between the same parties, which is different between the two legal systems.

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Direct estoppel

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