SettingsEarliest known manuscripts by language
Abckiria
Abckiria, in English "The ABC book", is the first book that was published in the Finnish language.
Abckiria, in English "The ABC book", is the first book that was published in the Finnish language.
Abrogans
The Abrogans, or Codex Abrogans, is probably the oldest extant book written in the German language.
The Abrogans, or Codex Abrogans, is probably the oldest extant book written in the German language.
Birch bark letter no. 292
The birch bark letter given the document number 292 is the oldest known document in any Finnic language.
The birch bark letter given the document number 292 is the oldest known document in any Finnic language.
Black Book of Carmarthen
The Black Book of Carmarthen (Welsh: Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin) is thought to be the earliest surviving manuscript written entirely or substantially in Welsh.
The Black Book of Carmarthen (Welsh: Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin) is thought to be the earliest surviving manuscript written entirely or substantially in Welsh.
Book of Henryków
The Book of Henryków (Księga henrykowska, Liber fundationis claustri Sancte Marie Virginis in Heinrichau) is a Latin chronicle of the Cistercian abbey in Henryków (Heinrichau) in Lower Silesia.
The Book of Henryków (Księga henrykowska, Liber fundationis claustri Sancte Marie Virginis in Heinrichau) is a Latin chronicle of the Cistercian abbey in Henryków (Heinrichau) in Lower Silesia.
Cartularios de Valpuesta
The Cartularies of Valpuesta refers to two medieval Spanish cartularies which belonged to a monastery in the locality of Valpuesta in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.
The Cartularies of Valpuesta refers to two medieval Spanish cartularies which belonged to a monastery in the locality of Valpuesta in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.
Dipylon inscription
The Dipylon inscription is a short text written on an ancient Greek pottery vessel dated to ca.
The Dipylon inscription is a short text written on an ancient Greek pottery vessel dated to ca.
Duenos Inscription
The Duenos Inscription is one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the seventh to the fifth century B.C.E.
The Duenos Inscription is one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the seventh to the fifth century B.C.E.
Franks Casket
The Franks Casket (or the Auzon Runic Casket) is a small Anglo-Saxon whalebone chest from the seventh century, now in the British Museum.
The Franks Casket (or the Auzon Runic Casket) is a small Anglo-Saxon whalebone chest from the seventh century, now in the British Museum.
Freising Manuscripts
The Freising Manuscripts are the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language and the oldest document in Slovene.
The Freising Manuscripts are the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language and the oldest document in Slovene.
Funeral Sermon and Prayer
The Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés) is an old handwritten Hungarian text dating to 1192-1195.
The Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Halotti beszéd és könyörgés) is an old handwritten Hungarian text dating to 1192-1195.
Gezer calendar
The Gezer calendar is a tablet of soft limestone inscription, dating to the 10th century BCE. Scholars are divided as to whether the script and language are Phoenician or paleo-Hebrew, which wer...
The Gezer calendar is a tablet of soft limestone inscription, dating to the 10th century BCE. Scholars are divided as to whether the script and language are Phoenician or paleo-Hebrew, which wer...
Glosas Emilianenses
The Glosas Emilianenses (Spanish for "glosses of Saint
Emilianus") are glosses written in a Latin codex.
The Glosas Emilianenses (Spanish for "glosses of Saint
Emilianus") are glosses written in a Latin codex.
Halmidi inscription
The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script.
The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada language inscription in the Kannada script.
Hebban olla vogala
Hebban olla vogala, sometimes spelt hebban olla uogala, are the first three words of an 11th century text fragment written in Old Dutch.
Hebban olla vogala, sometimes spelt hebban olla uogala, are the first three words of an 11th century text fragment written in Old Dutch.
Il Cantilena
Il Cantilena is the oldest known literary text in the Maltese language.
Il Cantilena is the oldest known literary text in the Maltese language.
Kavirajamarga
Kavirajamarga (ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ) (850 C.E.) is the earliest available writing on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language.
Kavirajamarga (ಕವಿರಾಜಮಾರ್ಗ) (850 C.E.) is the earliest available writing on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language.
Kedukan Bukit Inscription
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the River Tatang, a tributary of the River Musi.
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the River Tatang, a tributary of the River Musi.
Myazedi inscription
Myazedi inscription (မြဇေတီ ကျောက်စာ, ; also Yazakumar Inscription or the Gubyaukgyi Inscription), inscribed in 1113, is the oldest surviving stone inscription of the Burmese.
Myazedi inscription (မြဇေတီ ကျောက်စာ, ; also Yazakumar Inscription or the Gubyaukgyi Inscription), inscribed in 1113, is the oldest surviving stone inscription of the Burmese.
Neacşu's letter
The letter of Neacşu of Câmpulung is the oldest surviving document available in Romanian.
The letter of Neacşu of Câmpulung is the oldest surviving document available in Romanian.
Neacșu's letter
The letter of Neacşu of Câmpulung is the oldest surviving document available in Romanian.
The letter of Neacşu of Câmpulung is the oldest surviving document available in Romanian.
Nestor's Cup
The term Cup of Nestor or Nestor's Cup can refer to: #A golden mixing cup, described in Homer's Iliad, belonging to Nestor, the king of Pylos.
The term Cup of Nestor or Nestor's Cup can refer to: #A golden mixing cup, described in Homer's Iliad, belonging to Nestor, the king of Pylos.
Novgorod Codex
The Novgorod Codex (Новгородский кодекс) is the oldest book of Rus’, unearthed on July 13, 2000 in Novgorod.
The Novgorod Codex (Новгородский кодекс) is the oldest book of Rus’, unearthed on July 13, 2000 in Novgorod.
Oaths of Strasbourg
The Oaths of Strasbourg are several historical documents which include mutual pledges of allegiance between Louis the German, ruler of East Francia, and hisbrother Charles the Bald, ruler of Wes...
The Oaths of Strasbourg are several historical documents which include mutual pledges of allegiance between Louis the German, ruler of East Francia, and hisbrother Charles the Bald, ruler of Wes...
Salic law
Salic law ( or ; Lex Salica), or, was the major body of Frankish law governing all the Franks of Frankia under the rule of its kings during the Old Frankish Period, approximately equal to the e...
Salic law ( or ; Lex Salica), or, was the major body of Frankish law governing all the Franks of Frankia under the rule of its kings during the Old Frankish Period, approximately equal to the e...
Sinckan Manuscripts
The Sinckan Manuscripts (; also spelled Sinkang or Sinkan) refers to a series of leases, mortgages, and other commerce contracts written in the Sinckan language; they are commonly referr...
The Sinckan Manuscripts (; also spelled Sinkang or Sinkan) refers to a series of leases, mortgages, and other commerce contracts written in the Sinckan language; they are commonly referr...
Tamil-Brahmi
Tamil-Brahmi, Damili or Tamili is an early phonetic script used to write Tamil characters.
Tamil-Brahmi, Damili or Tamili is an early phonetic script used to write Tamil characters.
Utendi wa Tambuka
Utend̠i wa Tambuka or Utenzi wa Tambuka ("The Story of Tambuka"), also known as Kyuo kya Hereḳali (the book of Heraclius), is an epic poem in the Swahili language dated 1728.
Utend̠i wa Tambuka or Utenzi wa Tambuka ("The Story of Tambuka"), also known as Kyuo kya Hereḳali (the book of Heraclius), is an epic poem in the Swahili language dated 1728.
Vimose inscriptions
Finds from Vimose, Funen, Denmark, include some of the very oldest datable Elder Futhark runic inscriptions in late Proto-Germanic or early Proto-Norse from the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD.
Finds from Vimose, Funen, Denmark, include some of the very oldest datable Elder Futhark runic inscriptions in late Proto-Germanic or early Proto-Norse from the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD.
Västgötalagen
Västgötalagen or the Westrogothic law is the oldest Swedish text written in Latin script and the oldest of all Swedish provincial laws.
Västgötalagen or the Westrogothic law is the oldest Swedish text written in Latin script and the oldest of all Swedish provincial laws.