SettingsEpidemiology
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
The Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred near Broad Street (now renamed Broadwick Street) in Soho district of London, England in 1854.
The Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred near Broad Street (now renamed Broadwick Street) in Soho district of London, England in 1854.
2008 H5N1 outbreak in West Bengal
The 2008 bird flu outbreak in West Bengal is an occurrence of avian influenza in West Bengal, India that began on January 16, 2008.
The 2008 bird flu outbreak in West Bengal is an occurrence of avian influenza in West Bengal, India that began on January 16, 2008.
Absolute risk reduction
In epidemiology, the absolute risk reduction or risk difference is the decrease in risk of a given activity or treatment in relation to a control activity or treatment.
In epidemiology, the absolute risk reduction or risk difference is the decrease in risk of a given activity or treatment in relation to a control activity or treatment.
Accident-proneness
Accident-proneness, also known as clumsiness, is the conception that some people might have predisposition, or that they might be more likely to suffer accidents, such as car crashes and i...
Accident-proneness, also known as clumsiness, is the conception that some people might have predisposition, or that they might be more likely to suffer accidents, such as car crashes and i...
Advanced case management
Advanced Case Management (ACM) refers to the coordination of a service request in finance, health, legal, citizen or human resources-related matters, on behalf of a subject such as a c...
Advanced Case Management (ACM) refers to the coordination of a service request in finance, health, legal, citizen or human resources-related matters, on behalf of a subject such as a c...
Age adjustment
In epidemiology and demography, age adjustment, also called age standardisation, is a technique used to better allow populations to be compared when the age profiles of the populations are quite...
In epidemiology and demography, age adjustment, also called age standardisation, is a technique used to better allow populations to be compared when the age profiles of the populations are quite...
Age-standardized mortality rate
Age-standardized mortality rates are used to compare the mortality rates of places without being skewed by the difference in age distributions from place to place.
Age-standardized mortality rates are used to compare the mortality rates of places without being skewed by the difference in age distributions from place to place.
Alameda County Study
The Alameda County Study is a study of certain residents of Alameda County, California which examines the relationship between lifestyle and health.
The Alameda County Study is a study of certain residents of Alameda County, California which examines the relationship between lifestyle and health.
American College of Epidemiology
The American College of Epidemiology (ACE) is an American organization incorporated in 1979 to support and promote the work of American epidemiologists.
The American College of Epidemiology (ACE) is an American organization incorporated in 1979 to support and promote the work of American epidemiologists.
Apparent infection rate
Apparent infection rate is an estimate of the rate of progress of a disease, based on proportional measures of the extent of infection at different times.
Apparent infection rate is an estimate of the rate of progress of a disease, based on proportional measures of the extent of infection at different times.
Area compatibility factor
In survival analysis, the area compatibility factor, F, is used in indirect standardisation of population mortality rates.
In survival analysis, the area compatibility factor, F, is used in indirect standardisation of population mortality rates.
Assortative mixing
In the study of complex networks, assortative mixing, or assortativity, is a bias in favor of connections between network nodes with similar characteristics.
In the study of complex networks, assortative mixing, or assortativity, is a bias in favor of connections between network nodes with similar characteristics.
Attack rate
In epidemiology, an attack rate is the cumulative incidence of infection in a group of people observed over a period of time during an epidemic, usually in relation to foodborne illness.
In epidemiology, an attack rate is the cumulative incidence of infection in a group of people observed over a period of time during an epidemic, usually in relation to foodborne illness.
Attributable risk
In epidemiology, attributable risk is the difference in rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population.
In epidemiology, attributable risk is the difference in rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population.
Attributable risk percent
Attributable risk percent (ARP) is a calculation that can be derived from attributable risk.
Attributable risk percent (ARP) is a calculation that can be derived from attributable risk.
Auxology
Auxology, sometimes called Auxanology (from Greek, auxō, or, auxanō, "grow"; and, -logia), is a meta-term covering the study of all aspects of human physical growth (though it ...
Auxology, sometimes called Auxanology (from Greek, auxō, or, auxanō, "grow"; and, -logia), is a meta-term covering the study of all aspects of human physical growth (though it ...
Base rate
In probability and statistics, base rate generally refers to the (base) class probabilities unconditioned on featural evidence, frequently also known as prior probabilities.
In probability and statistics, base rate generally refers to the (base) class probabilities unconditioned on featural evidence, frequently also known as prior probabilities.
Basic reproduction number
In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number (sometimes called basic reproductive rate, basic reproductive ratio and denoted R0, r nought) of an infection is the ...
In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number (sometimes called basic reproductive rate, basic reproductive ratio and denoted R0, r nought) of an infection is the ...
Biological plausibility
In epidemiology and biomedicine, the term biological plausibility refers to the proposal of a causal association — a relationship between a putative cause and an outcome — that is consistent wit...
In epidemiology and biomedicine, the term biological plausibility refers to the proposal of a causal association — a relationship between a putative cause and an outcome — that is consistent wit...
BioSense
BioSense is a program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks health problems as they evolve and provides public health officials with the data, information and tools they ...
BioSense is a program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that tracks health problems as they evolve and provides public health officials with the data, information and tools they ...
Boonah crisis
The HMAT Boonah was the last Australian troop ship to leave Fremantle, Western Australia bound for the Middle East in October 1918, near the end of the World War I. Carrying about 120...
The HMAT Boonah was the last Australian troop ship to leave Fremantle, Western Australia bound for the Middle East in October 1918, near the end of the World War I. Carrying about 120...
Bradford-Hill criteria
The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship between an i...
The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of minimal conditions necessary to provide adequate evidence of a causal relationship between an i...
Broad Street cholera outbreak
The Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred near Broad Street in Soho district of London, England in 1854.
The Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred near Broad Street in Soho district of London, England in 1854.
Cancer cluster
Cancer cluster is a term used by epidemiologists, statisticians, and public health workers to define an occurrence of a greater-than-expected number of cancer cases within a group of people in a...
Cancer cluster is a term used by epidemiologists, statisticians, and public health workers to define an occurrence of a greater-than-expected number of cancer cases within a group of people in a...
Cancer survival rates
Cancer survival rates vary by the type of cancer, stage at diagnosis, treatment given and many other factors, including country.
Cancer survival rates vary by the type of cancer, stage at diagnosis, treatment given and many other factors, including country.
Carstairs index
Developed by Carstairs and Morris (1991), the Carstairs index is an index of deprivation used in spatial epidemiology to identify Socio-economic confounding.
Developed by Carstairs and Morris (1991), the Carstairs index is an index of deprivation used in spatial epidemiology to identify Socio-economic confounding.
Case definition
A case definition is the method by which public health professionals define who is included as a case in an outbreak investigation, (i.e.
A case definition is the method by which public health professionals define who is included as a case in an outbreak investigation, (i.e.
Case fatality rate
In epidemiology, case fatality or fatality rate, is the ratio of deaths within a designated population of people with a particular condition, over a certain period of time.
In epidemiology, case fatality or fatality rate, is the ratio of deaths within a designated population of people with a particular condition, over a certain period of time.
Case-control study
A case-control study is a type of study design used widely, often in epidemiology.
A case-control study is a type of study design used widely, often in epidemiology.
Clinical trial
Clinical trials are a set of procedures in medical research and drug development that are conducted to allow safety and efficacy data to be collected for health interventions.
Clinical trials are a set of procedures in medical research and drug development that are conducted to allow safety and efficacy data to be collected for health interventions.
Clinical trials unit
Clinical trials units are specialised biomedical research units which design, centrally coordinate and analyse clinical trials and other studies.
Clinical trials units are specialised biomedical research units which design, centrally coordinate and analyse clinical trials and other studies.
Cluster (epidemiology)
A cluster refers to a grouping of health-related events that are related temporally and in proximity.
A cluster refers to a grouping of health-related events that are related temporally and in proximity.
Coffin ship
The term coffin ship is used to refer to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as displaced Highlanders due to the Highland Clearances.
The term coffin ship is used to refer to the ships that carried Irish immigrants escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as displaced Highlanders due to the Highland Clearances.
Cohort effect
The term cohort effect is used in social science to describe variations in the characteristics of an area of study over time among individuals who are defined by some shared temporal experience ...
The term cohort effect is used in social science to describe variations in the characteristics of an area of study over time among individuals who are defined by some shared temporal experience ...
Cohort study
A cohort study or panel study is a form of longitudinal study (a type of observational study) used in medicine, social science, actuarial science, and ecology.
A cohort study or panel study is a form of longitudinal study (a type of observational study) used in medicine, social science, actuarial science, and ecology.
Coinfection
In parasitology, coinfection is the term used to describe the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species.
In parasitology, coinfection is the term used to describe the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species.
Collider (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a collider is a variable which is the effect of two (or more) other variables.
In epidemiology, a collider is a variable which is the effect of two (or more) other variables.
Complex segregation analysis
Complex segregation analysis is technique within genetic epidemiology to determine whether there is evidence that a major gene underling the distribution of a given phenotypic trait.
Complex segregation analysis is technique within genetic epidemiology to determine whether there is evidence that a major gene underling the distribution of a given phenotypic trait.
Complex system biology
Complex systems biology (CSB) is a branch or subfield of mathematical and theoretical biology concerned with complexity of both structure and function in biological organisms, as well as t...
Complex systems biology (CSB) is a branch or subfield of mathematical and theoretical biology concerned with complexity of both structure and function in biological organisms, as well as t...
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT Group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of randomize...
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials) encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT Group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of randomize...
Contact immunity
Contact immunity is the property of some vaccines, where a vaccinated individual can confer immunity upon unimmunized individuals through contact with bodily fluids or excrement.
Contact immunity is the property of some vaccines, where a vaccinated individual can confer immunity upon unimmunized individuals through contact with bodily fluids or excrement.
Contact tracing
In epidemiology, contact tracing is the identification and diagnosis of persons who may have come into contact with an infected person.
In epidemiology, contact tracing is the identification and diagnosis of persons who may have come into contact with an infected person.
Control event rate
In epidemiology and biostatistics, the control event rate is a measure of how often a particular statistical event occurs within the scientific control group of an experiment.
In epidemiology and biostatistics, the control event rate is a measure of how often a particular statistical event occurs within the scientific control group of an experiment.
Correlates of immunity/correlates of protection
Correlates of immunity/protection to a virus or other infectious pathogen are measurable signs that a person (or other potential host) is immune, in the sense of being protected against beco...
Correlates of immunity/protection to a virus or other infectious pathogen are measurable signs that a person (or other potential host) is immune, in the sense of being protected against beco...
COSMOS cohort study
COSMOS is a cohort study of mobile phone use and health.
COSMOS is a cohort study of mobile phone use and health.
Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) was organized in the USA in the early 1950s in response to the need to have at least one person in each state and territory responsibl...
The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) was organized in the USA in the early 1950s in response to the need to have at least one person in each state and territory responsibl...
Cross-sectional study
Cross-sectional studies (also known as Cross-sectional analysis) form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specif...
Cross-sectional studies (also known as Cross-sectional analysis) form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specif...
Csaba P. Kovesdy
Csaba P. Kovesdy (born 1968) is an American nephrologist.
Csaba P. Kovesdy (born 1968) is an American nephrologist.
Cumulative incidence
Cumulative incidence is a measure of frequency, as in epidemiology, where it is a measure of disease frequency during a period of time.
Cumulative incidence is a measure of frequency, as in epidemiology, where it is a measure of disease frequency during a period of time.
Cuzick–Edwards test
In statistics, the Cuzick–Edwards test is a significance test whose aim is to detect the possible clustering of sub-populations within a clustered or non-uniformly-spread overall population.
In statistics, the Cuzick–Edwards test is a significance test whose aim is to detect the possible clustering of sub-populations within a clustered or non-uniformly-spread overall population.
Denominator data
In epidemiology, data or facts about a population is called denominator data.
In epidemiology, data or facts about a population is called denominator data.
Density dependence
In population ecology, density-dependent inhibition describes a situation in which population growth is curtailed by crowding, predators and competition.
In population ecology, density-dependent inhibition describes a situation in which population growth is curtailed by crowding, predators and competition.
Deprivation index
Deprivation indices measure the level of deprivation in an area.
Deprivation indices measure the level of deprivation in an area.
Diagnostic odds ratio
The diagnostic odds ratio is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test.
The diagnostic odds ratio is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test.
Disease surveillance
Disease surveillance is an epidemiological practice by which the spread of disease is monitored in order to establish patterns of progression.
Disease surveillance is an epidemiological practice by which the spread of disease is monitored in order to establish patterns of progression.
Diseases of affluence
Diseases of affluence is a term sometimes given to selected diseases and other health conditions which are commonly thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society.
Diseases of affluence is a term sometimes given to selected diseases and other health conditions which are commonly thought to be a result of increasing wealth in a society.
Diseases of poverty
Diseases of poverty is a term sometimes used to collectively describe diseases and health conditions that are more prevalent among the poor than among wealthier people.
Diseases of poverty is a term sometimes used to collectively describe diseases and health conditions that are more prevalent among the poor than among wealthier people.
Distribute Surveillance System
Distribute is a project of the International Society for Disease Surveillance.
Distribute is a project of the International Society for Disease Surveillance.
E-epidemiology
E-epidemiology is the science underlying the acquisition, maintenance and application of epidemiological knowledge and information using digital media such as the internet, mobile phones, digita...
E-epidemiology is the science underlying the acquisition, maintenance and application of epidemiological knowledge and information using digital media such as the internet, mobile phones, digita...
Early Warning and Response System
The Early Warning and Response System for communicable diseases in the European Union was created by the European Commission to "ensure a rapid and effective response by the EU to events related...
The Early Warning and Response System for communicable diseases in the European Union was created by the European Commission to "ensure a rapid and effective response by the EU to events related...
Ecological study
An ecological study is an epidemiological study in which the unit of analysis is a population rather than an individual.
An ecological study is an epidemiological study in which the unit of analysis is a population rather than an individual.
Economic epidemiology
Economic epidemiology is a field at the intersection of epidemiology and economics.
Economic epidemiology is a field at the intersection of epidemiology and economics.
Endemic (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek en- in or within + demos people) in a population when that infection is maintained in the population without the need for ...
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek en- in or within + demos people) in a population when that infection is maintained in the population without the need for ...
Environmental epidemiology
Environmental epidemiology is the branch of epidemiology concerned with discovery of the environemntal exposures that contribute to or potentially protect against injuries, illnesses, developmen...
Environmental epidemiology is the branch of epidemiology concerned with discovery of the environemntal exposures that contribute to or potentially protect against injuries, illnesses, developmen...
Epidata
EpiData refers to a group of applications used in combination for creating documented data structures and analysis of quantitative data.
EpiData refers to a group of applications used in combination for creating documented data structures and analysis of quantitative data.
Epidemic
In epidemiology, an epidemic, occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience.
In epidemiology, an epidemic, occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience.
Epidemic Intelligence Service
The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is a program of the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is a program of the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Epidemic model
An Epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of communicable disease through individuals.
An Epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of communicable disease through individuals.
Epidemiological surveillance
Epidemiological surveillance is the discipline of continuously gathering, analysing, and interpreting data about diseases, and disseminating conclusions of the analyses to relevant organisations.
Epidemiological surveillance is the discipline of continuously gathering, analysing, and interpreting data about diseases, and disseminating conclusions of the analyses to relevant organisations.
Epidemiological transition
In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation ...
In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation ...
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and patterns of health-events, health-characteristics and their causes or influences in well-defined populations.
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and patterns of health-events, health-characteristics and their causes or influences in well-defined populations.
Epidemiology of autism
The epidemiology of autism is the study of factors affecting autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
The epidemiology of autism is the study of factors affecting autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Epidemiology of cancer
The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes.
The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer possible trends and causes.
Epidemiology of schizophrenia
By using precise methods in its diagnosis and a large, representative population, the incidence rate of schizophrenia seems consistent across the world for the last half-century.
By using precise methods in its diagnosis and a large, representative population, the incidence rate of schizophrenia seems consistent across the world for the last half-century.
Epidemiology of suicide
Incidence of suicide is under-reported due to both religious and social pressures, and possibly completely unreported in some areas.
Incidence of suicide is under-reported due to both religious and social pressures, and possibly completely unreported in some areas.
Epizoology
Epizoology, or veterinary epidemiology, is the study of disease patterns within animal populations.
Epizoology, or veterinary epidemiology, is the study of disease patterns within animal populations.
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero.
Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero.
Ernst Wynder
Ernst Ludwig Wynder was an American epidemiology and public health researcher who studied the risk factors of smoking tobacco.
Ernst Ludwig Wynder was an American epidemiology and public health researcher who studied the risk factors of smoking tobacco.
Essence (Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics)
Essence is the United States Department of Defense's Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics.
Essence is the United States Department of Defense's Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics.
European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training
The European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET) Fellowship provides training and practical experience in intervention epidemiology at the national centres for surveillance ...
The European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET) Fellowship provides training and practical experience in intervention epidemiology at the national centres for surveillance ...
EuroPharm Forum
The EuroPharm Forum (European Forum of National Pharmaceutical Associations) is a network of national pharmaceutical associations in Europe, in collaboration with the World Health Organization R...
The EuroPharm Forum (European Forum of National Pharmaceutical Associations) is a network of national pharmaceutical associations in Europe, in collaboration with the World Health Organization R...
Experimental event rate
In epidemiology and biostatistics, the experimental event rate (EER) is a measure of how often a particular statistical event (such as response to a drug, adverse event or death) occurs within t...
In epidemiology and biostatistics, the experimental event rate (EER) is a measure of how often a particular statistical event (such as response to a drug, adverse event or death) occurs within t...
FETP
The Field Epidemiology Training Program or FETP is an applied public health training program modeled after the CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service.
The Field Epidemiology Training Program or FETP is an applied public health training program modeled after the CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service.
Fomite
A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another.
A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another.
Force of infection
In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted λ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals become infected by an infectious disease.
In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted λ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals become infected by an infectious disease.
Forest plot
A forest plot is a graphical display designed to illustrate the relative strength of treatment effects in multiple quantitative scientific studies addressing the same question.
A forest plot is a graphical display designed to illustrate the relative strength of treatment effects in multiple quantitative scientific studies addressing the same question.
Functional molecular infection epidemiology
Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with ...
Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with ...
Genetic epidemiology
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental fa...
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental fa...
Global spread of H5N1
The global spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
The global spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
Global spread of H5N1 in 2004
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
Global spread of H5N1 in 2005
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
Global spread of H5N1 in 2006
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
Global spread of H5N1 in 2007
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
Gold standard (test)
In medicine and statistics, gold standard test refers to a diagnostic, test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.
In medicine and statistics, gold standard test refers to a diagnostic, test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.
Goose Guandong virus
The Goose Guandong virus refers to the strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/Gd)-like H5N1 HPAI viruses.
The Goose Guandong virus refers to the strain A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/Gd)-like H5N1 HPAI viruses.
Graham Colditz
Graham Andrew Colditz (born November 1, 1954) is the inaugural Niess-Gain Professor at Washington University School of Medicine where he is Associate Director for Prevention and Control at the A...
Graham Andrew Colditz (born November 1, 1954) is the inaugural Niess-Gain Professor at Washington University School of Medicine where he is Associate Director for Prevention and Control at the A...
Hazard ratio
In survival analysis, the hazard ratio is the effect of an explanatory variable on the hazard or risk of an event.
In survival analysis, the hazard ratio is the effect of an explanatory variable on the hazard or risk of an event.
Health services research
Health services research (HSR) is the multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, medical tec...
Health services research (HSR) is the multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, medical tec...
HealthMap
HealthMap is a freely accessible, automated electronic information system for monitoring, organizing, and visualizing reports of global disease outbreaks according to geography, time, and infect...
HealthMap is a freely accessible, automated electronic information system for monitoring, organizing, and visualizing reports of global disease outbreaks according to geography, time, and infect...
Heart Protection Study
The Heart Protection Study was a large randomized controlled trial run by the Clinical Trial Service Unit, and funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the British Heart Foundation (...
The Heart Protection Study was a large randomized controlled trial run by the Clinical Trial Service Unit, and funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the British Heart Foundation (...
Hemagglutinin (influenza)
Influenza hemagglutinin or haemagglutinin is a type of hemagglutinin found on the surface of the influenza viruses.
Influenza hemagglutinin or haemagglutinin is a type of hemagglutinin found on the surface of the influenza viruses.
Herd immunity
Herd immunity describes a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity.
Herd immunity describes a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity.
Hispanic Paradox
The Hispanic Paradox, or Latino Paradox, also known as the "Epidemiologic Paradox," refers to the epidemiological finding that Hispanic and Latino Americans tend to have health outcomes th...
The Hispanic Paradox, or Latino Paradox, also known as the "Epidemiologic Paradox," refers to the epidemiological finding that Hispanic and Latino Americans tend to have health outcomes th...
HIV Cohorts Data Exchange Protocol
The HIV Cohorts Data Exchange Protocol (HICDEP) specifies a format for data exchange between HIV cohorts and studies used by several major HIV Cohort Collaborations such as CASCADE, COHERE...
The HIV Cohorts Data Exchange Protocol (HICDEP) specifies a format for data exchange between HIV cohorts and studies used by several major HIV Cohort Collaborations such as CASCADE, COHERE...
HIV Drug Resistance Database
HIV Drug Resistance Database, also known as Stanford HIV RT and Protease Sequence Database is a database at Stanford University that tracks 93 common mutations of HIV. It has been recompile...
HIV Drug Resistance Database, also known as Stanford HIV RT and Protease Sequence Database is a database at Stanford University that tracks 93 common mutations of HIV. It has been recompile...
Human mortality from H5N1
Human mortality from H5N1 or the human fatality ratio from H5N1 or the case-fatality rate of H5N1 refer to the ratio of the number of confirmed human deaths resulting from confirmed ...
Human mortality from H5N1 or the human fatality ratio from H5N1 or the case-fatality rate of H5N1 refer to the ratio of the number of confirmed human deaths resulting from confirmed ...
Hygiene hypothesis
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (e.g., gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases suscept...
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (e.g., gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases suscept...
Ilan Meyer
Ilan H. Meyer, Ph.D. (born 1956/1959) is a researcher, author, professor and the Williams Senior Scholar of Public Policy with the Charles R. Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Pub...
Ilan H. Meyer, Ph.D. (born 1956/1959) is a researcher, author, professor and the Williams Senior Scholar of Public Policy with the Charles R. Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Pub...
Imaging biomarker
An imaging biomarker is a biologic feature detectable by imaging modalities.
An imaging biomarker is a biologic feature detectable by imaging modalities.
Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time.
Incidence is a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time.
Incubation period
Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent.
Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent.
Index case
The index case or primary case is the initial patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation.
The index case or primary case is the initial patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation.
Indicator bacteria
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water.
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water.
Indices of deprivation 2004
The Indices of deprivation 2004 (ID 2004) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government(DCLG).
The Indices of deprivation 2004 (ID 2004) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government(DCLG).
Indices of deprivation 2007
The Indices of deprivation 2007 (ID 2007) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and released on June 12, 2007.
The Indices of deprivation 2007 (ID 2007) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and released on June 12, 2007.
Indices of deprivation 2010
The Indices of deprivation 2010 (ID 2010) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and released on March 24, 2011.
The Indices of deprivation 2010 (ID 2010) is a Deprivation index at the small area level, created by the British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and released on March 24, 2011.
Infection control
Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical (rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology.
Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical (rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology.
Infectivity
In epidemiology, infectivity refers to the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
In epidemiology, infectivity refers to the ability of a pathogen to establish an infection.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as "bird flu", A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal ...
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as "bird flu", A(H5N1) or simply H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal ...
Influx of disease in the Caribbean
The European slave trade brought an influx of disease, particularly malaria and yellow fever, to the Caribbean.
The European slave trade brought an influx of disease, particularly malaria and yellow fever, to the Caribbean.
Infoveillance
Infoveillance is the type of syndromic surveillance that utilizes the online contents.
Infoveillance is the type of syndromic surveillance that utilizes the online contents.
Intention to treat analysis
In epidemiology, an intention to treat (ITT) analysis (sometimes also called intent to treat) is an analysis based on the initial treatment intent, not on the treatment eventually adminis...
In epidemiology, an intention to treat (ITT) analysis (sometimes also called intent to treat) is an analysis based on the initial treatment intent, not on the treatment eventually adminis...
Intermittent preventive therapy
Intermittent preventive therapy is a public health intervention aimed at treating and preventing malaria episodes in infants, children, schoolchildren and pregnant women.
Intermittent preventive therapy is a public health intervention aimed at treating and preventing malaria episodes in infants, children, schoolchildren and pregnant women.
Internal consistency
In statistics and research, internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same subscale on a larger test).
In statistics and research, internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same subscale on a larger test).
International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
The ICEID or International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases is a conference for public health professionals on the subject of emerging infectious diseases.
The ICEID or International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases is a conference for public health professionals on the subject of emerging infectious diseases.
International Medical Commission on Bhopal
The International Medical Commission Bhopal was established in 1993 to organise medical responses to the 1984 Bhopal disaster (India).
The International Medical Commission Bhopal was established in 1993 to organise medical responses to the 1984 Bhopal disaster (India).
International Society for Disease Surveillance
The International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) is a 501(c) 3 nonprofit organization, based in Boston, Massachusetts, which holds an annual national conference for the public hea...
The International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) is a 501(c) 3 nonprofit organization, based in Boston, Massachusetts, which holds an annual national conference for the public hea...
International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
The International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) was launched officially by Stanley A. Edlavitch, David E. Lilienfeld, and Hugh A. Tilson in 1989 during the Fifth International Confere...
The International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) was launched officially by Stanley A. Edlavitch, David E. Lilienfeld, and Hugh A. Tilson in 1989 during the Fifth International Confere...
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood is the largest collaborative epidemiological study of children in the world.
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood is the largest collaborative epidemiological study of children in the world.
Internet mediated research
Internet Mediated Research (IMR) is the practice of gathering medical, biomedical or health related research data via the internet directly from research subjects.
Internet Mediated Research (IMR) is the practice of gathering medical, biomedical or health related research data via the internet directly from research subjects.
Inverse probability weighting
Inverse probability weighting is a statistical technique for calculating statistics standardized to a population different from that in which the data was collected.
Inverse probability weighting is a statistical technique for calculating statistics standardized to a population different from that in which the data was collected.
Job-exposure matrix
A job-exposure matrix is a tool used to assess exposure to potential hazards to health in occupational epidemiological studies.
A job-exposure matrix is a tool used to assess exposure to potential hazards to health in occupational epidemiological studies.
Koch's postulates
Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
Lagging (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, lagging (or exposure lagging) means excluding the exposure in a time period before registration of an outcome.
In epidemiology, lagging (or exposure lagging) means excluding the exposure in a time period before registration of an outcome.
Landscape epidemiology
Landscape epidemiology draws some of its roots from the field of landscape ecology.
Landscape epidemiology draws some of its roots from the field of landscape ecology.
Late effect
In medicine, a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier, causal condition has run its course.
In medicine, a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier, causal condition has run its course.
Lead time bias
Lead time is the length of time between the detection of a disease (usually based on new, experimental criteria) and its usual clinical presentation and diagnosis (based on traditional criteria).
Lead time is the length of time between the detection of a disease (usually based on new, experimental criteria) and its usual clinical presentation and diagnosis (based on traditional criteria).
Length time bias
Length time bias is a form of selection bias, a statistical distortion of results which can lead to incorrect conclusions about the data.
Length time bias is a form of selection bias, a statistical distortion of results which can lead to incorrect conclusions about the data.
Life course approach
The life course approach, also known as the life course perspective or life course theory, refers to an approach developed in the 1960s for analyzing people's lives within structural, so...
The life course approach, also known as the life course perspective or life course theory, refers to an approach developed in the 1960s for analyzing people's lives within structural, so...
Longitudinal study
A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades.
A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time — often many decades.
Mark and recapture
Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size.
Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size.
Mass drug administration
The administration of drugs to whole populations irrespective of disease status is referred to as mass drug administration (MDA).
The administration of drugs to whole populations irrespective of disease status is referred to as mass drug administration (MDA).
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
It is possible to mathematically model the progress of most infectious diseases to discover the likely outcome of an epidemic or to help manage them by vaccination.
It is possible to mathematically model the progress of most infectious diseases to discover the likely outcome of an epidemic or to help manage them by vaccination.
McNeill's law
In human geography, McNeill's law is the process outlined in William H. McNeill's book Plagues and Peoples.
In human geography, McNeill's law is the process outlined in William H. McNeill's book Plagues and Peoples.
Mendelian randomization
In epidemiology, Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in genes of known function to examine the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on disease in non-experimental s...
In epidemiology, Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in genes of known function to examine the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on disease in non-experimental s...
Molecular epidemiology
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology, di...
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology, di...
Molecular Koch's postulates
Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease ca...
Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease ca...
Mortality rate
Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in a population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in a population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
Mosquito control
Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment.
Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment.
Mutual standardisation
Mutual Standardisation is a term used within spatial epidemiology to refer to when ecological bias results as a consequence of adjusting disease rates for confounding at the area level but leavi...
Mutual Standardisation is a term used within spatial epidemiology to refer to when ecological bias results as a consequence of adjusting disease rates for confounding at the area level but leavi...
National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis
The National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis is a research institute focused on the science of mathematics and biology.
The National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis is a research institute focused on the science of mathematics and biology.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (or NIOSH) is the United States’ federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention ...
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (or NIOSH) is the United States’ federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention ...
National Outbreak Reporting System
The electronic National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) is a web-accessible system designed to improve the quality, quantity, and availability of data for waterborne, foodborne, enteric person-...
The electronic National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) is a web-accessible system designed to improve the quality, quantity, and availability of data for waterborne, foodborne, enteric person-...
Natural experiment
A natural experiment is an observational study in which the assignment of treatments to subjects has been haphazard: That is, the assignment of treatments has been made by nature, but not by ex...
A natural experiment is an observational study in which the assignment of treatments to subjects has been haphazard: That is, the assignment of treatments has been made by nature, but not by ex...
Nested case-control study
In a nested case-control study, cases of a disease that occur in a defined cohort are identified and, for each, a specified number of matched controls is selected from among those in the cohort ...
In a nested case-control study, cases of a disease that occur in a defined cohort are identified and, for each, a specified number of matched controls is selected from among those in the cohort ...
Neuroepidemiology
Neuroepidemiology is a branch of epidemiology involving the study of neurological disease distribution and determinants of frequency in human populations.
Neuroepidemiology is a branch of epidemiology involving the study of neurological disease distribution and determinants of frequency in human populations.
Newborn screening
Newborn screening tests are most commonly done from whole blood samples collected on specially designed filter paper.
Newborn screening tests are most commonly done from whole blood samples collected on specially designed filter paper.
NS1 Influenza Protein
The NS1 Influenza Protein is created by the internal protein encoding, linear negative-sense, single stranded RNA, NS gene segment; which found in Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B and Influenz...
The NS1 Influenza Protein is created by the internal protein encoding, linear negative-sense, single stranded RNA, NS gene segment; which found in Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B and Influenz...
Number needed to harm
The number needed to harm (NNH) is an epidemiological measure that indicates how many patients need to be exposed to a risk-factor over a specific period to cause harm in one patient that would ...
The number needed to harm (NNH) is an epidemiological measure that indicates how many patients need to be exposed to a risk-factor over a specific period to cause harm in one patient that would ...
Number needed to treat
The number needed to treat (NNT) is an epidemiological measure used in assessing the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication.
The number needed to treat (NNT) is an epidemiological measure used in assessing the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication.
Number needed to vaccinate
Number needed to vaccinate (NNV) is a metric used in the evaluation of vaccines, and in the determination of vaccination policy.
Number needed to vaccinate (NNV) is a metric used in the evaluation of vaccines, and in the determination of vaccination policy.
Nurses' Health Study
The Nurses Health Study, established in 1976 by Dr. Frank Speizer, and the Nurses' Health Study II, established in 1989 by Dr. Walter Willett, are the most definitive long-term epidemiological s...
The Nurses Health Study, established in 1976 by Dr. Frank Speizer, and the Nurses' Health Study II, established in 1989 by Dr. Walter Willett, are the most definitive long-term epidemiological s...
Nutritional epidemiology
Nutritional epidemiology is a relatively new field of medical research that studies the relationship between nutrition and health.
Nutritional epidemiology is a relatively new field of medical research that studies the relationship between nutrition and health.
Odds ratio
The odds ratio is a measure of effect size, describing the strength of association or non-independence between two binary data values.
The odds ratio is a measure of effect size, describing the strength of association or non-independence between two binary data values.
OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza
OFFLU is the joint OIE-FAO global network of expertise on animal influenzas.
OFFLU is the joint OIE-FAO global network of expertise on animal influenzas.
OpenEpi
OpenEpi is a free, web-based, open source, operating system-independent series of programs for use in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, and medicine, providing a number of epidemiologi...
OpenEpi is a free, web-based, open source, operating system-independent series of programs for use in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, and medicine, providing a number of epidemiologi...
Outbreak
Outbreak is a term used in epidemiology to describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place.
Outbreak is a term used in epidemiology to describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place.
Outcomes research
Outcomes research refers to research which investigates the outcomes of health care practices.
Outcomes research refers to research which investigates the outcomes of health care practices.
Palaeoepidemiology
Palaeoepidemiology is the study of ancient diseases and their causes.
Palaeoepidemiology is the study of ancient diseases and their causes.
Pandemic
A pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.
A pandemic is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.
Pandemic Severity Index
The Pandemic Severity Index (PSI) is a proposed classification scale for reporting the severity of influenza pandemics in the United States.
The Pandemic Severity Index (PSI) is a proposed classification scale for reporting the severity of influenza pandemics in the United States.
Per-protocol analysis
In epidemiology, per-protocol (PP) analysis is a strategy of analysis in which only patients who complete the entire clinical trial are counted towards the final results.
In epidemiology, per-protocol (PP) analysis is a strategy of analysis in which only patients who complete the entire clinical trial are counted towards the final results.
Period prevalence
In epidemiology, Period prevalence is the proportion of the population with a given disease or condition over a specific period of time.
In epidemiology, Period prevalence is the proportion of the population with a given disease or condition over a specific period of time.
Perioperative mortality
Perioperative mortality is mortality in relation to surgery, usually taken as death within two weeks of a surgical procedure.
Perioperative mortality is mortality in relation to surgery, usually taken as death within two weeks of a surgical procedure.
Pesticide poisoning
A pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control a pest affect non-target organisms such as humans, wildlife, or bees.
A pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control a pest affect non-target organisms such as humans, wildlife, or bees.
Peto's paradox
Peto's Paradox is the observation, due to Richard Peto, that at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells in an organism.
Peto's Paradox is the observation, due to Richard Peto, that at the species level, the incidence of cancer does not appear to correlate with the number of cells in an organism.
Pharmacoepidemiology
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people.
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people.
Plague pit
A plague pit is the informal term used to refer to mass graves in which victims of the Black Death were buried.
A plague pit is the informal term used to refer to mass graves in which victims of the Black Death were buried.
Point prevalence
In epidemiology, point prevalence is a measure of the proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition at a particular time, such as a particular date.
In epidemiology, point prevalence is a measure of the proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition at a particular time, such as a particular date.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PRISMA is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the benefits and harms of a health care inter...
PRISMA is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the benefits and harms of a health care inter...
Prevalence
In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined as the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time, or the total number of cases in...
In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined as the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time, or the total number of cases in...
Preventive fraction
Preventive fraction (PF), also called preventable fraction, is a calculation that can be derived from relative risk or odds ratio.
Preventive fraction (PF), also called preventable fraction, is a calculation that can be derived from relative risk or odds ratio.
ProMED-mail
The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (also known as ProMED-mail) is among the largest of publicly available emerging disease and outbreak reporting systems in the world.
The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (also known as ProMED-mail) is among the largest of publicly available emerging disease and outbreak reporting systems in the world.
Propensity score matching
In the statistical analysis of observational data, propensity score matching is a methodology attempting to provide unbiased estimation of treatment-effects.
In the statistical analysis of observational data, propensity score matching is a methodology attempting to provide unbiased estimation of treatment-effects.
Protective factor
Protective factors are conditions or attributes in individuals, families, communities or the larger society that help people deal more effectively with stressful events and mitigate or eliminate...
Protective factors are conditions or attributes in individuals, families, communities or the larger society that help people deal more effectively with stressful events and mitigate or eliminate...
Provocation test
A provocation test, also called a provocation trial or provocation study, is a form of clinical trial whereby participants are exposed to either a substance or "thing" that is claime...
A provocation test, also called a provocation trial or provocation study, is a form of clinical trial whereby participants are exposed to either a substance or "thing" that is claime...
Public Population Project in Genomics
P3G (Public Population Project in Genomics) is a not-for-profit international consortium dedicated to facilitating collaboration between researchers and biobanks working in the area ...
P3G (Public Population Project in Genomics) is a not-for-profit international consortium dedicated to facilitating collaboration between researchers and biobanks working in the area ...
Race and health
Race and health research, often done in the United States, has found both current and historical racial differences in the frequency, treatments, and availability of treatments for several diseases.
Race and health research, often done in the United States, has found both current and historical racial differences in the frequency, treatments, and availability of treatments for several diseases.
Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial is a specific type of scientific experiment, and the preferred design for a clinical trial.
A randomized controlled trial is a specific type of scientific experiment, and the preferred design for a clinical trial.
Rare disease
A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is a disease that make your parents leave you.
A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is a disease that make your parents leave you.
Rare disease assumption
The rare disease assumption is a useful mathematical assumption in epidemiologic case control studies where the hypothesis tests the association between an exposure and a disease.
The rare disease assumption is a useful mathematical assumption in epidemiologic case control studies where the hypothesis tests the association between an exposure and a disease.
Rate ratio
A rate ratio in epidemiology is calculated to compare the rate of events occurring at any given point in time.
A rate ratio in epidemiology is calculated to compare the rate of events occurring at any given point in time.
Recidivism (medicine)
In medicine, recidivism is the characteristic of many diseases to recur, with a period in between of regression (medicine).
In medicine, recidivism is the characteristic of many diseases to recur, with a period in between of regression (medicine).
Reed-Frost model
The Reed-Frost model is a mathematical model of epidemics put forth in the 1920s by Lowell Reed and Wade Hampton Frost, of the Johns Hopkins University.
The Reed-Frost model is a mathematical model of epidemics put forth in the 1920s by Lowell Reed and Wade Hampton Frost, of the Johns Hopkins University.
Regression (medicine)
Regression in medicine is a characteristic of diseases to show lighter symptoms without completely disappearing.
Regression in medicine is a characteristic of diseases to show lighter symptoms without completely disappearing.
Relative index of inequality
The relative index of inequality (RII) is a regression-based index which summarizes the magnitude of socio-economic status (SES) as a source of inequalities in health.
The relative index of inequality (RII) is a regression-based index which summarizes the magnitude of socio-economic status (SES) as a source of inequalities in health.
Relative risk
In statistics and mathematical epidemiology, relative risk (RR) is the risk of an event (or of developing a disease) relative to exposure.
In statistics and mathematical epidemiology, relative risk (RR) is the risk of an event (or of developing a disease) relative to exposure.
Relative risk reduction
In epidemiology, the relative risk reduction is a measure calculated by dividing the absolute risk reduction by the control event rate.
In epidemiology, the relative risk reduction is a measure calculated by dividing the absolute risk reduction by the control event rate.
Relative survival
Relative survival is a robust method of cause-specific survival analysis, typically used in the analysis of cancer registry data.
Relative survival is a robust method of cause-specific survival analysis, typically used in the analysis of cancer registry data.
Reverse epidemiology
Reverse epidemiology is a term for a medical hypothesis which holds that obesity and high cholesterol may, counterintuitively, be protective and associated with greater survival in certain group...
Reverse epidemiology is a term for a medical hypothesis which holds that obesity and high cholesterol may, counterintuitively, be protective and associated with greater survival in certain group...
Richard Doll
Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physiologist who became the foremost epidemiologist of the 20th century, turning the subject into ...
Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physiologist who became the foremost epidemiologist of the 20th century, turning the subject into ...
Risk factor
In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.
In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.
Robert M. Jacobson
Robert Martin Jacobson is the former chair of the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Mayo Clinic and a full professor of pediatrics at the Mayo Medical School in Rochester, M...
Robert Martin Jacobson is the former chair of the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Mayo Clinic and a full professor of pediatrics at the Mayo Medical School in Rochester, M...
Rotterdam Study
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective, population-based cohort study.
The Rotterdam Study is a prospective, population-based cohort study.
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, synonym epidemiological reconnaissance is a literal name of a concept and routine of finding out disease potential on a territory of arrival of ma...
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, synonym epidemiological reconnaissance is a literal name of a concept and routine of finding out disease potential on a territory of arrival of ma...
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in 1990s in Scandinavia.
The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in 1990s in Scandinavia.
Self-report sexual risk behaviors
Self-report sexual risk behaviors are a cornerstone of sexual health-related research, particularly when related to assessing risk-related outcomes such as pregnancy or acquisition of sexually t...
Self-report sexual risk behaviors are a cornerstone of sexual health-related research, particularly when related to assessing risk-related outcomes such as pregnancy or acquisition of sexually t...
SENSOR-Pesticides
Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides is a U.S. state-based surveillance program that monitors pesticide-related illness and injury.
Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides is a U.S. state-based surveillance program that monitors pesticide-related illness and injury.
Serial interval
In epidemiology of communicable diseases, the serial interval refers to the time between successive cases in a chain of transmission.
In epidemiology of communicable diseases, the serial interval refers to the time between successive cases in a chain of transmission.
Serology
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids.
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids.
Seroprevalence
Seroprevalence is the number of persons in a population who test positive for a specific disease based on serology (blood serum) specimens; often presented as a percent of the total specimens te...
Seroprevalence is the number of persons in a population who test positive for a specific disease based on serology (blood serum) specimens; often presented as a percent of the total specimens te...
Sexual network
A sexual network is a social network that is defined by the sexual relationships within a set of individuals.
A sexual network is a social network that is defined by the sexual relationships within a set of individuals.
Sibship
Sibship is a term used in epidemiology and public health to refer to the group or number of children produced by a pair of parents.
Sibship is a term used in epidemiology and public health to refer to the group or number of children produced by a pair of parents.
Social epidemiology
Social epidemiology is defined as "The branch of epidemiology that studies the social distribution and social determinants of health," that is, "both specific features of, and pathways by which,...
Social epidemiology is defined as "The branch of epidemiology that studies the social distribution and social determinants of health," that is, "both specific features of, and pathways by which,...
Spatial epidemiology
Spatial epidemiology is a subfield of health geography focused on the study of the spatial distribution of disease.
Spatial epidemiology is a subfield of health geography focused on the study of the spatial distribution of disease.
Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler
The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler is a free software available through the Eclipse Foundation.
The Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler is a free software available through the Eclipse Foundation.
Standardised mortality rate
Standardized mortality ratio tells how many persons, per thousand of the population, will die in a given year and what the causes of death will be.
Standardized mortality ratio tells how many persons, per thousand of the population, will die in a given year and what the causes of death will be.
Standardized mortality ratio
The standardized mortality ratio or SMR in epidemiology is the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths according to a specific health outcome in a population and serves as an indirect ...
The standardized mortality ratio or SMR in epidemiology is the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths according to a specific health outcome in a population and serves as an indirect ...
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology
The STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) Statement is a reporting guideline including a checklist of 22 items that are consid...
The STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) Statement is a reporting guideline including a checklist of 22 items that are consid...
Stroke Belt
Stroke Belt or Stroke Alley is a name given to a region in the southeastern United States that has been recognized by public health authorities for having an unusually high incidence of st...
Stroke Belt or Stroke Alley is a name given to a region in the southeastern United States that has been recognized by public health authorities for having an unusually high incidence of st...
Subclinical infection
A subclinical infection is the asymptomatic carrying of an by an individual of an agent that usually is a pathogen causing illness, at least in some individuals.
A subclinical infection is the asymptomatic carrying of an by an individual of an agent that usually is a pathogen causing illness, at least in some individuals.
Surrogate endpoint
In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint (or marker) is a measure of effect of a certain treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but doesn't necessarily have a guara...
In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint (or marker) is a measure of effect of a certain treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but doesn't necessarily have a guara...
Susceptible individual
In epidemiology a susceptible individual is a member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease, or can not take a certain medicine, antibiotic, etc.
In epidemiology a susceptible individual is a member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease, or can not take a certain medicine, antibiotic, etc.
Syndemic
Syndemic refers to the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or ...
Syndemic refers to the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or ...
Tele-epidemiology
Tele-epidemiology is a methodological and application area of epidemiology concerned with the application of space-based systems (communication, Earth observation, positioning systems, Geograph...
Tele-epidemiology is a methodological and application area of epidemiology concerned with the application of space-based systems (communication, Earth observation, positioning systems, Geograph...
Thousand Families Study, Newcastle upon Tyne
The initial thoughts leading to the development of the Thousand Families Study arose through observations made by Sir James Spence, one of the first ever full time paediatricians in the United K...
The initial thoughts leading to the development of the Thousand Families Study arose through observations made by Sir James Spence, one of the first ever full time paediatricians in the United K...
Threshold host density
Threshold host density, in the context of wildlife disease ecology, refers the concentration of a population of a particular organism as it relates to disease.
Threshold host density, in the context of wildlife disease ecology, refers the concentration of a population of a particular organism as it relates to disease.
Transmission (medicine)
In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group, regardless of whether the other ind...
In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group, regardless of whether the other ind...
Transmission and infection of H5N1
Transmission and infection of H5N1 from infected avian sources to humans is a concern due to the global spread of H5N1 that constitutes a pandemic threat.
Transmission and infection of H5N1 from infected avian sources to humans is a concern due to the global spread of H5N1 that constitutes a pandemic threat.
Transmission coefficient (epidemiology)
Transmission Coefficient The transmission coefficient is needed for host parasite models.
Transmission Coefficient The transmission coefficient is needed for host parasite models.
Transmission risks and rates
An effective contact is defined as any kind of contact between two individuals such that, if one individual is infectious and the other susceptible, then the first individual infects the second.
An effective contact is defined as any kind of contact between two individuals such that, if one individual is infectious and the other susceptible, then the first individual infects the second.
Transmission-Based Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions are used when the route of transmission is not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone.
Transmission-Based Precautions are used when the route of transmission is not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone.
Transmission-based precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions are used when the route of transmission is not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone.
Transmission-Based Precautions are used when the route of transmission is not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone.
Transovarial transmission
Transovarian transmission occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit disease-causing bacteria from parent arthropod to offspring arthropod.
Transovarian transmission occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit disease-causing bacteria from parent arthropod to offspring arthropod.
Transstadial transmission
Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector throughout the life stages of the vector.
Transstadial transmission occurs when a pathogen remains with the vector throughout the life stages of the vector.
UK Biobank
UK Biobank is a large long-term biobank study in the United Kingdom which is investigating the respective contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to the development of...
UK Biobank is a large long-term biobank study in the United Kingdom which is investigating the respective contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to the development of...
UK statutory notification system
The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases (also called Notifications of Infectious Diseases or NOIDS) is a system whereby doctors are required to notify a "Proper ...
The UK statutory notification system for infectious diseases (also called Notifications of Infectious Diseases or NOIDS) is a system whereby doctors are required to notify a "Proper ...
Underprivileged area score
The Underprivileged Area Score is an indicy to measure socio-economic variation across small geographical areas.
The Underprivileged Area Score is an indicy to measure socio-economic variation across small geographical areas.
USS Whidbey (AG-141)
USS Whidbey (AG-141) was a Whidbey-class miscellaneous auxiliary acquired from the U.S. Army where it was known as USAT FS-395 during World War II Army operations.
USS Whidbey (AG-141) was a Whidbey-class miscellaneous auxiliary acquired from the U.S. Army where it was known as USAT FS-395 during World War II Army operations.
Utstein Style
The Utstein Style is a set of guidelines for uniform reporting of cardiac arrest.
The Utstein Style is a set of guidelines for uniform reporting of cardiac arrest.
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a vector is any agent (person, animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
In epidemiology, a vector is any agent (person, animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
Vector control
Vector control is any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens.
Vector control is any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens.
Warren Winkelstein
Warren Winkelstein Jr., M.D., M.P.H. (b.
Warren Winkelstein Jr., M.D., M.P.H. (b.
Welsh Resource Allocation Formula
The Welsh Resource Allocation Formula is a health resource allocation weighted capitation formula used to allocate resources to areas of health need in Wales.
The Welsh Resource Allocation Formula is a health resource allocation weighted capitation formula used to allocate resources to areas of health need in Wales.
Winpepi
WinPepi is a freeware package of statistical programs for epidemiologists, comprising seven programs with over 120 modules.
WinPepi is a freeware package of statistical programs for epidemiologists, comprising seven programs with over 120 modules.
Years of potential life lost
Years of potential life lost or potential years of life lost, is an estimate of the average years a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely.
Years of potential life lost or potential years of life lost, is an estimate of the average years a person would have lived if he or she had not died prematurely.
Young Epidemiology Scholars
Young Epidemiology Scholars (YES) is a United States scholarship program in the area of public health.
Young Epidemiology Scholars (YES) is a United States scholarship program in the area of public health.