SettingsGame theory
Airport problem
In mathematics and especially game theory, the airport problem is a type of fair division problem in which it is decided how to distribute the cost of an airport runway among different players w...
In mathematics and especially game theory, the airport problem is a type of fair division problem in which it is decided how to distribute the cost of an airport runway among different players w...
Algorithmic game theory
Algorithmic game theory is an area in the intersection of game theory and algorithm design, whose objective is to design algorithms in strategic environments.
Algorithmic game theory is an area in the intersection of game theory and algorithm design, whose objective is to design algorithms in strategic environments.
Algorithmic mechanism design
Algorithmic mechanism design lies at the intersection of economic game theory and computer science.
Algorithmic mechanism design lies at the intersection of economic game theory and computer science.
Ambiguity aversion
What is ambiguity aversion? Ambiguity aversion describes an attitude of preference for known risks over unknown risks.
What is ambiguity aversion? Ambiguity aversion describes an attitude of preference for known risks over unknown risks.
Auction theory
Auction theory is an applied branch of economics which deals with how people act in auction markets and researches the properties of auction markets.
Auction theory is an applied branch of economics which deals with how people act in auction markets and researches the properties of auction markets.
Aumann's agreement theorem
Aumann's agreement theorem says that two people acting rationally (in a certain precise sense) and with common knowledge of each other's beliefs cannot agree to disagree.
Aumann's agreement theorem says that two people acting rationally (in a certain precise sense) and with common knowledge of each other's beliefs cannot agree to disagree.
Axiom of projective determinacy
In mathematical logic, projective determinacy is the special case of the axiom of determinacy applying only to projective sets.
In mathematical logic, projective determinacy is the special case of the axiom of determinacy applying only to projective sets.
Backgammon opening theory
The first moves of a backgammon game are the opening moves, collectively referred to as the opening, and studied in the backgammon opening theory.
The first moves of a backgammon game are the opening moves, collectively referred to as the opening, and studied in the backgammon opening theory.
Backward induction
Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions.
Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions.
Bandwidth Sharing Game
A Bandwidth Sharing game is a type of resource allocation game designed to model the real world allocation of bandwidth to many users in a network.
A Bandwidth Sharing game is a type of resource allocation game designed to model the real world allocation of bandwidth to many users in a network.
Bankruptcy problem
In mathematical sociology, and especially game theory, the bankruptcy problem is a distribution problem involving the allocation of a given amount of a perfectly divisible good among a group of...
In mathematical sociology, and especially game theory, the bankruptcy problem is a distribution problem involving the allocation of a given amount of a perfectly divisible good among a group of...
Banzhaf power index
The Banzhaf power index, named after John F. Banzhaf III (though originally invented by and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an o...
The Banzhaf power index, named after John F. Banzhaf III (though originally invented by and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an o...
Bargaining problem
The two person bargaining problem is a problem of understanding how two agents should cooperate when non-cooperation leads to Pareto-inefficient results.
The two person bargaining problem is a problem of understanding how two agents should cooperate when non-cooperation leads to Pareto-inefficient results.
Battle of the sexes (game theory)
In game theory, battle of the sexes, also called Bach or Stravinsky, is a two-player coordination game.
In game theory, battle of the sexes, also called Bach or Stravinsky, is a two-player coordination game.
Bayesian efficiency
Bayesian efficiency addresses an appropriate economic definition of Pareto efficiency where there is incomplete information.
Bayesian efficiency addresses an appropriate economic definition of Pareto efficiency where there is incomplete information.
Bayesian game
In game theory, a Bayesian game is one in which information about characteristics of the other players (i.e.
In game theory, a Bayesian game is one in which information about characteristics of the other players (i.e.
Beer distribution game
The Beer Distribution Game is a simulation game created by a group of professors at MIT Sloan School of Management in early 1960s to demonstrate a number of key principles of supply chain management.
The Beer Distribution Game is a simulation game created by a group of professors at MIT Sloan School of Management in early 1960s to demonstrate a number of key principles of supply chain management.
Bertrand competition
Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand.
Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand.
Bertrand paradox (economics)
In economics and commerce, the Bertrand paradox—named after its creator, Joseph Bertrand—describes a situation in which two players (firms) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms cha...
In economics and commerce, the Bertrand paradox—named after its creator, Joseph Bertrand—describes a situation in which two players (firms) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms cha...
Bertrand-Edgeworth Model
Martin Shubik developed the Bertrand-Edgeworth model to allow for the firm to be willing to supply only up to its profit maximizing output at the price which it set.
Martin Shubik developed the Bertrand-Edgeworth model to allow for the firm to be willing to supply only up to its profit maximizing output at the price which it set.
Best response
In game theory, the best response is the strategy (or strategies) which produces the most favorable outcome for a player, taking other players' strategies as given.
In game theory, the best response is the strategy (or strategies) which produces the most favorable outcome for a player, taking other players' strategies as given.
Blotto games
Blotto games constitute a class of two-person zero-sum games in which the players are tasked to simultaneously distribute limited resources over several objects.
Blotto games constitute a class of two-person zero-sum games in which the players are tasked to simultaneously distribute limited resources over several objects.
Bondareva-Shapley theorem
In game theory, the Bondareva–Shapley theorem describes a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the core of a cooperative game.
In game theory, the Bondareva–Shapley theorem describes a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the core of a cooperative game.
Bondareva–Shapley theorem
In game theory, the Bondareva–Shapley theorem describes a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the core of a cooperative game.
In game theory, the Bondareva–Shapley theorem describes a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the core of a cooperative game.
Bounded rationality
Bounded rationality is the idea that in decision-making, rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of ti...
Bounded rationality is the idea that in decision-making, rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of ti...
Braess's paradox
Braess's paradox, credited to the mathematician Dietrich Braess, states that adding extra capacity to a network, when the moving entities selfishly choose their route, can in some cases reduce o...
Braess's paradox, credited to the mathematician Dietrich Braess, states that adding extra capacity to a network, when the moving entities selfishly choose their route, can in some cases reduce o...
CC-PP game
The Commonize Costs–Privatize Profits Game (or CC–PP Game) is a concept developed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin to describe a "game" (in the game theory sense) widely played in matters o...
The Commonize Costs–Privatize Profits Game (or CC–PP Game) is a concept developed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin to describe a "game" (in the game theory sense) widely played in matters o...
CC–PP game
The Commonize Costs–Privatize Profits Game (or CC–PP Game) is a concept developed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin to describe a "game" (in the game theory sense) widely played in matters o...
The Commonize Costs–Privatize Profits Game (or CC–PP Game) is a concept developed by the ecologist Garrett Hardin to describe a "game" (in the game theory sense) widely played in matters o...
Centipede game
In game theory, the centipede game, first introduced by Rosenthal (1981), is an extensive form game in which two players take turns choosing either to take a slightly larger share of a slowly in...
In game theory, the centipede game, first introduced by Rosenthal (1981), is an extensive form game in which two players take turns choosing either to take a slightly larger share of a slowly in...
Centipede game (game theory)
In game theory, the centipede game, first introduced by Rosenthal, is an extensive form game in which two players take turns choosing either to take a slightly larger share of a slowly increasin...
In game theory, the centipede game, first introduced by Rosenthal, is an extensive form game in which two players take turns choosing either to take a slightly larger share of a slowly increasin...
Chainstore paradox
Chainstore paradox (or "Chain-Store paradox") is a concept that purports to refute standard game theory reasoning.
Chainstore paradox (or "Chain-Store paradox") is a concept that purports to refute standard game theory reasoning.
Cheap talk
In game theory, cheap talk is communication between players which does not directly affect the payoffs of the game.
In game theory, cheap talk is communication between players which does not directly affect the payoffs of the game.
Chess opening
A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game.
A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game.
Chicken (game)
The game of chicken, also known as the hawk-dove game, is an influential model of conflict for two players in game theory.
The game of chicken, also known as the hawk-dove game, is an influential model of conflict for two players in game theory.
Christopher Baek's Algorithm
In game theory, Christopher Baek's algorithm is used to determine the relative skill level of a player on a pass/fail basis.
In game theory, Christopher Baek's algorithm is used to determine the relative skill level of a player on a pass/fail basis.
Coalition-Proof Nash Equilibrium
The concept of Coalition-Proof Nash Equilibrium applies to certain "noncooperative" environments in which players can freely discuss their strategies but cannot make binding commitments.
The concept of Coalition-Proof Nash Equilibrium applies to certain "noncooperative" environments in which players can freely discuss their strategies but cannot make binding commitments.
Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium
The concept of coalition-proof Nash equilibrium applies to certain "noncooperative" environments in which players can freely discuss their strategies but cannot make binding commitments.
The concept of coalition-proof Nash equilibrium applies to certain "noncooperative" environments in which players can freely discuss their strategies but cannot make binding commitments.
Collusion
Collusion is an agreement between two or more persons, sometimes illegal and therefore secretive, to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading, or defrauding others of their legal rights, ...
Collusion is an agreement between two or more persons, sometimes illegal and therefore secretive, to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading, or defrauding others of their legal rights, ...
Commitment Device
Precommitment is a strategy first discussed by Thomas Schelling that a party to a conflict can strengthen its position by cutting off some of its options to make its threats more credible (e.g.,...
Precommitment is a strategy first discussed by Thomas Schelling that a party to a conflict can strengthen its position by cutting off some of its options to make its threats more credible (e.g.,...
Commitment device
Journalist Stephen J. Dubner and Economist Steven Levitt define a commitment device as "a means with which to lock yourself into a course of action that you might not otherwise choose but that p...
Journalist Stephen J. Dubner and Economist Steven Levitt define a commitment device as "a means with which to lock yourself into a course of action that you might not otherwise choose but that p...
Common knowledge (logic)
Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents.
Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents.
Competitive altruism
Competitive altruism is a possible mechanism for the persistence of cooperative behaviors, specifically those that are performed unconditionally.
Competitive altruism is a possible mechanism for the persistence of cooperative behaviors, specifically those that are performed unconditionally.
Complete information
Complete information is a term used in economics and game theory to describe an economic situation or game in which knowledge about other market participants or players is available to all parti...
Complete information is a term used in economics and game theory to describe an economic situation or game in which knowledge about other market participants or players is available to all parti...
Complete mixing
In evolutionary game theory, complete mixing refers to an assumption about the type of interactions that occur between individual organisms.
In evolutionary game theory, complete mixing refers to an assumption about the type of interactions that occur between individual organisms.
Compromise
To compromise is to make a deal between different parties where each party gives up part of their demand.
To compromise is to make a deal between different parties where each party gives up part of their demand.
Confrontation Analysis
Confrontation Analysis is an Operational Analysis technique used to structure, understand and think through multi-party interactions such as negotiations.
Confrontation Analysis is an Operational Analysis technique used to structure, understand and think through multi-party interactions such as negotiations.
Confrontation analysis
Confrontation analysis is an operational analysis technique used to structure, understand and think through multi-party interactions such as negotiations.
Confrontation analysis is an operational analysis technique used to structure, understand and think through multi-party interactions such as negotiations.
Congestion game
Congestion games are a class of games in game theory first proposed by Rosenthal in 1973.
Congestion games are a class of games in game theory first proposed by Rosenthal in 1973.
Consensus dynamics
Consensus dynamics or agreement dynamics is an area of research lying at the intersection of systems theory and graph theory.
Consensus dynamics or agreement dynamics is an area of research lying at the intersection of systems theory and graph theory.
Contingent cooperator
In game theory, a contingent cooperator is a person or agent who is willing to act in the collective interest, rather than his short-term selfish interest, if he observes a majority of the other...
In game theory, a contingent cooperator is a person or agent who is willing to act in the collective interest, rather than his short-term selfish interest, if he observes a majority of the other...
Continuous game
A continuous game is a mathematical generalization, used in game theory.
A continuous game is a mathematical generalization, used in game theory.
Contract theory
In economics, contract theory studies how economic actors can and do construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information.
In economics, contract theory studies how economic actors can and do construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information.
Cooperative game
In game theory, a cooperative game is a game where groups of players may enforce cooperative behaviour, hence the game is a competition between coalitions of players, rather than between ind...
In game theory, a cooperative game is a game where groups of players may enforce cooperative behaviour, hence the game is a competition between coalitions of players, rather than between ind...
Coordination game
In game theory, coordination games are a class of games with multiple pure strategy Nash equilibria in which players choose the same or corresponding strategies.
In game theory, coordination games are a class of games with multiple pure strategy Nash equilibria in which players choose the same or corresponding strategies.
Core (game theory)
The core is the set of feasible allocations that cannot be improved upon by a subset of the economy's consumers.
The core is the set of feasible allocations that cannot be improved upon by a subset of the economy's consumers.
Correlated equilibrium
In game theory, a correlated equilibrium is a solution concept that is more general than the well known Nash equilibrium.
In game theory, a correlated equilibrium is a solution concept that is more general than the well known Nash equilibrium.
Countersignaling
Countersignalling is the behaviour where agents with the highest level of a given property invest less into proving it than individuals with a medium level of the same property.
Countersignalling is the behaviour where agents with the highest level of a given property invest less into proving it than individuals with a medium level of the same property.
Cournot competition
Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each o...
Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each o...
Deadlock (game theory)
In game theory, Deadlock is a game where the action that is mutually most beneficial is also dominant.
In game theory, Deadlock is a game where the action that is mutually most beneficial is also dominant.
Dictator game
The dictator game is a game in experimental economics, similar to the ultimatum game.
The dictator game is a game in experimental economics, similar to the ultimatum game.
Differential game
In game theory, differential games are a group of problems related to the modeling and analysis of conflict in the context of a dynamical system.
In game theory, differential games are a group of problems related to the modeling and analysis of conflict in the context of a dynamical system.
Discriminatory price auction
A discriminatory price auction is a multiunit auction in which units are sold for different prices.
A discriminatory price auction is a multiunit auction in which units are sold for different prices.
Distributed algorithmic mechanism design
Distributed algorithmic mechanism design (DAMD) is an extension of algorithmic mechanism design.
Distributed algorithmic mechanism design (DAMD) is an extension of algorithmic mechanism design.
Divide and choose
In problems of fair division, divide and choose (also I cut, you choose) is a two-party proportional envy-free allocation protocol.
In problems of fair division, divide and choose (also I cut, you choose) is a two-party proportional envy-free allocation protocol.
Dollar auction
The dollar auction is a non-zero sum sequential game designed by economist Martin Shubik to illustrate a paradox brought about by traditional rational choice theory in which players with perfect...
The dollar auction is a non-zero sum sequential game designed by economist Martin Shubik to illustrate a paradox brought about by traditional rational choice theory in which players with perfect...
Double auction
A double auction is a process of buying and selling goods when potential buyers submit their bids and potential sellers simultaneously submit their ask prices to an auctioneer, and then an auct...
A double auction is a process of buying and selling goods when potential buyers submit their bids and potential sellers simultaneously submit their ask prices to an auctioneer, and then an auct...
Drama theory
Drama Theory is a Problem Structuring Method of Operations Research.
Drama Theory is a Problem Structuring Method of Operations Research.
Dynamic inconsistency
In economics, dynamic inconsistency, or time inconsistency, describes a situation where a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that what is preferred at one point in...
In economics, dynamic inconsistency, or time inconsistency, describes a situation where a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that what is preferred at one point in...
Edgeworth conjecture
In economics, the Edgeworth conjecture is the idea, named after Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, that the core of an economy shrinks to the set of Walrasian equilibria as the number of agents increases...
In economics, the Edgeworth conjecture is the idea, named after Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, that the core of an economy shrinks to the set of Walrasian equilibria as the number of agents increases...
Edgeworth paradox
In economics, the Edgeworth paradox describes a situation in which two players cannot reach a state of equilibrium with pure strategies, i.e. each charging a stable price.
In economics, the Edgeworth paradox describes a situation in which two players cannot reach a state of equilibrium with pure strategies, i.e. each charging a stable price.
Epsilon-equilibrium
In game theory, an epsilon-equilibrium, or near-Nash equilibrium, is a strategy profile that approximately satisfies the condition of Nash equilibrium.
In game theory, an epsilon-equilibrium, or near-Nash equilibrium, is a strategy profile that approximately satisfies the condition of Nash equilibrium.
Equilibrium selection
Equilibrium selection is a concept from game theory which seeks to address reasons for players of a game to select a certain equilibrium over another.
Equilibrium selection is a concept from game theory which seeks to address reasons for players of a game to select a certain equilibrium over another.
Escalation of commitment
Escalation of commitment was first described by Barry M. Staw in his 1976 paper, "Knee deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action".
Escalation of commitment was first described by Barry M. Staw in his 1976 paper, "Knee deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action".
Evolution and the Theory of Games
Evolution and the Theory of Games is a 1982 book by the British evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith on evolutionary game theory.
Evolution and the Theory of Games is a 1982 book by the British evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith on evolutionary game theory.
Evolutionarily stable state
"A population is said to be in an evolutionarily stable state if its genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large.
"A population is said to be in an evolutionarily stable state if its genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large.
Evolutionarily stable strategy
In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), which is sometimes also called an evolutionary stable strategy, is a strate...
In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), which is sometimes also called an evolutionary stable strategy, is a strate...
Evolutionary game theory
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations of lifeforms in biology.
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations of lifeforms in biology.
Expected utility hypothesis
In economics, game theory, and decision theory the expected utility hypothesis is a theory of utility in which "betting preferences" of people with regard to uncertain outcomes are represented b...
In economics, game theory, and decision theory the expected utility hypothesis is a theory of utility in which "betting preferences" of people with regard to uncertain outcomes are represented b...
Expected value of including uncertainty
In decision theory and quantitative policy analysis, the expected value of including information is the expected difference in the value of a decision based on a probabilistic analysis versus a ...
In decision theory and quantitative policy analysis, the expected value of including information is the expected difference in the value of a decision based on a probabilistic analysis versus a ...
Expected value of perfect information
In decision theory, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is the price that one would be willing to pay in order to gain access to perfect information.
In decision theory, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is the price that one would be willing to pay in order to gain access to perfect information.
Expected value of sample information
In decision theory, the expected value of sample information (EVSI) is the expected increase in utility that you could obtain from gaining access to a sample of additional observations before ma...
In decision theory, the expected value of sample information (EVSI) is the expected increase in utility that you could obtain from gaining access to a sample of additional observations before ma...
Expectiminimax tree
An expectiminimax tree is a specialized variation of a minimax game tree for use in artificial intelligence systems that play two-player zero-sum games such as backgammon, in which the outcome d...
An expectiminimax tree is a specialized variation of a minimax game tree for use in artificial intelligence systems that play two-player zero-sum games such as backgammon, in which the outcome d...
Extensive-form game
An extensive-form game is a specification of a game in game theory, allowing (as the name suggests) explicit representation of a number of important aspects, like the sequencing of players' poss...
An extensive-form game is a specification of a game in game theory, allowing (as the name suggests) explicit representation of a number of important aspects, like the sequencing of players' poss...
Fair division
Fair division, also known as the cake-cutting problem, is the problem of dividing a resource in such a way that all recipients believe that they have received a fair amount.
Fair division, also known as the cake-cutting problem, is the problem of dividing a resource in such a way that all recipients believe that they have received a fair amount.
Fictitious play
In game theory, fictitious play is a learning rule first introduced by G.W. Brown (1951).
In game theory, fictitious play is a learning rule first introduced by G.W. Brown (1951).
Finite and Infinite Games
Finite and Infinite Games is a book by religious scholar James P. Carse.
Finite and Infinite Games is a book by religious scholar James P. Carse.
First player win
In game theory, a two-player turn-based game is a first-player-win if a perfect player can always force a win.
In game theory, a two-player turn-based game is a first-player-win if a perfect player can always force a win.
Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point of a function is a point that is mapped to itself by the function.
In mathematics, a fixed point of a function is a point that is mapped to itself by the function.
Focal point (game theory)
In game theory, a focal point (also called Schelling point) is a solution that people will tend to use in the absence of communication, because it seems natural, special or relevant to them.
In game theory, a focal point (also called Schelling point) is a solution that people will tend to use in the absence of communication, because it seems natural, special or relevant to them.
Folk theorem (game theory)
In game theory, folk theorems are a class of theorems which imply that in repeated games, any outcome is a feasible solution concept, if under that outcome the players' minimax conditions are sa...
In game theory, folk theorems are a class of theorems which imply that in repeated games, any outcome is a feasible solution concept, if under that outcome the players' minimax conditions are sa...
Free rider problem
The free rider problem is the question of how to limit free riding.
The free rider problem is the question of how to limit free riding.
Gale evenness condition
The Gale evenness condition characterises the cyclic polytopes, which, for example, have any number of vertices in dimension four so that any two of the vertices are connected by an edge on the ...
The Gale evenness condition characterises the cyclic polytopes, which, for example, have any number of vertices in dimension four so that any two of the vertices are connected by an edge on the ...
Game Description Language
Game Description Language, or GDL, is a language designed by Michael Genesereth as part of the General Game Playing Project at Stanford University, California.
Game Description Language, or GDL, is a language designed by Michael Genesereth as part of the General Game Playing Project at Stanford University, California.
Game semantics
Game semantics (dialogische Logik) is an approach to formal semantics that grounds the concepts of truth or validity on game-theoretic concepts, such as the existence of a winning strategy for a...
Game semantics (dialogische Logik) is an approach to formal semantics that grounds the concepts of truth or validity on game-theoretic concepts, such as the existence of a winning strategy for a...
Games and Economic Behavior
Games and Economic Behavior (GEB) is a journal of game theory published by Elsevier.
Games and Economic Behavior (GEB) is a journal of game theory published by Elsevier.
General equilibrium theory
General equilibrium theory is a branch of theoretical economics.
General equilibrium theory is a branch of theoretical economics.
General Game Playing
General Game Playing is the design of artificial intelligence programs to be able to play more than one game successfully.
General Game Playing is the design of artificial intelligence programs to be able to play more than one game successfully.
Generalized game theory
Generalized game theory is an extension of game theory incorporating social theory concepts such as norm, value, belief, role, social relationship, and institution.
Generalized game theory is an extension of game theory incorporating social theory concepts such as norm, value, belief, role, social relationship, and institution.
Gibbs lemma
In game theory and in particular the study of Blotto games and operational research, the Gibbs Lemma is a result that is useful in maximization problems.
In game theory and in particular the study of Blotto games and operational research, the Gibbs Lemma is a result that is useful in maximization problems.
Glicksberg's theorem
In the study of zero sum games, Glicksberg's theorem (also Glicksberg's existence theorem) is a result that shows certain games have a minimax value.
In the study of zero sum games, Glicksberg's theorem (also Glicksberg's existence theorem) is a result that shows certain games have a minimax value.
Global game
In economics and game theory, global games are games of incomplete information where players receive possibly-correlated signals of the underlying state of the world.
In economics and game theory, global games are games of incomplete information where players receive possibly-correlated signals of the underlying state of the world.
Grand coalition
A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political parties of opposing political ideologies unite in a coalition government.
A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political parties of opposing political ideologies unite in a coalition government.
Graph continuous function
In mathematics, and in particular the study of game theory, a function is graph continuous if it exhibits the following properties.
In mathematics, and in particular the study of game theory, a function is graph continuous if it exhibits the following properties.
Guess 2/3 of the average
In game theory, Guess 2/3 of the average is a game where several people guess what 2/3 of the average of their guesses will be, and where the numbers are restricted to the real numbers between ...
In game theory, Guess 2/3 of the average is a game where several people guess what 2/3 of the average of their guesses will be, and where the numbers are restricted to the real numbers between ...
Hat puzzle
The hat puzzle is a classic logic problem, attributed to Todd Ebert, in his 1998 Ph.D. thesis at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
The hat puzzle is a classic logic problem, attributed to Todd Ebert, in his 1998 Ph.D. thesis at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Haven (graph theory)
In graph theory, a haven is a way of describing a strategy for an evader to win a certain type of pursuit-evasion game on an undirected graph.
In graph theory, a haven is a way of describing a strategy for an evader to win a certain type of pursuit-evasion game on an undirected graph.
Hicks optimality
In game theory, a Hicks-optimal outcome, named after John Hicks, is an outcome in which the total payoff for all of the players of a game is the most it could possibly be.
In game theory, a Hicks-optimal outcome, named after John Hicks, is an outcome in which the total payoff for all of the players of a game is the most it could possibly be.
Homicidal chauffeur problem
In game theory, the homicidal chauffeur problem is a mathematical pursuit problem which pits a hypothetical runner, who can only move slowly, but is highly maneuverable, against the driver of a ...
In game theory, the homicidal chauffeur problem is a mathematical pursuit problem which pits a hypothetical runner, who can only move slowly, but is highly maneuverable, against the driver of a ...
Implementation theory
Implementation theory is an area of game theory closely related to mechanism design where an attempt is made to add into a game a mechanism such that the equilibrium of the game conforms to some...
Implementation theory is an area of game theory closely related to mechanism design where an attempt is made to add into a game a mechanism such that the equilibrium of the game conforms to some...
Impunity game
The Impunity Game is a simple game in experimental economics, similar to the Dictator Game.
The Impunity Game is a simple game in experimental economics, similar to the Dictator Game.
Incentive compatibility
In mechanism-design, a process is said to be incentive-compatible if all of the participants fare best when they truthfully reveal any private information asked for by the mechanism.
In mechanism-design, a process is said to be incentive-compatible if all of the participants fare best when they truthfully reveal any private information asked for by the mechanism.
Inequity aversion
Inequity aversion is the preference for fairness and resistance to incidental inequalities.
Inequity aversion is the preference for fairness and resistance to incidental inequalities.
Information set (game theory)
In game theory, an information set is a set that, for a particular player, establishes all the possible moves that could have taken place in the game so far, given what that player has observed.
In game theory, an information set is a set that, for a particular player, establishes all the possible moves that could have taken place in the game so far, given what that player has observed.
Interdependence Theory
Interdependence theory is part of a larger scale of social exchange theories.
Interdependence theory is part of a larger scale of social exchange theories.
International Society of Dynamic Games
The International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG) is a is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of the theory of dynamic games.
The International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG) is a is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of the theory of dynamic games.
Inverse commons
In the inverse commons, the opposite results of the Tragedy of the commons effect are witnessed.
In the inverse commons, the opposite results of the Tragedy of the commons effect are witnessed.
Job scheduling game
In game theory, a job scheduling game is a game that models a scenario in which multiple selfish users wish to utilize multiple processing machines.
In game theory, a job scheduling game is a game that models a scenario in which multiple selfish users wish to utilize multiple processing machines.
Justice (economics)
Justice in economics is a subcategory of welfare economics with models frequently representing the ethical-social requirements of a given theory, whether "in the large," as of a just social orde...
Justice in economics is a subcategory of welfare economics with models frequently representing the ethical-social requirements of a given theory, whether "in the large," as of a just social orde...
Keynesian beauty contest
A Keynesian beauty contest is a concept developed by John Maynard Keynes and introduced in Chapter 12 of his work, General Theory of Employment Interest and Money (1936), to explain price fl...
A Keynesian beauty contest is a concept developed by John Maynard Keynes and introduced in Chapter 12 of his work, General Theory of Employment Interest and Money (1936), to explain price fl...
Kuhn poker
Kuhn poker is a simplified form of poker developed by Dr. Harold W. Kuhn.
Kuhn poker is a simplified form of poker developed by Dr. Harold W. Kuhn.
Large poisson game
In game theory the large poisson game is a game with a random number of players.
In game theory the large poisson game is a game with a random number of players.
Lewis signaling game
In game theory, the Lewis signaling game is a type of signaling game that features perfect common interest between players.
In game theory, the Lewis signaling game is a type of signaling game that features perfect common interest between players.
Linear production game
Linear Production Game (LP Game) is a N-person game in which the value of a coalition can be obtained by solving a Linear Programming problem.
Linear Production Game (LP Game) is a N-person game in which the value of a coalition can be obtained by solving a Linear Programming problem.
Live and let live (World War I)
Live and let live is the spontaneous rise of non-aggressive co-operative behaviour that developed during the First World War particularly during prolonged periods of Trench Warfare on the Wester...
Live and let live is the spontaneous rise of non-aggressive co-operative behaviour that developed during the First World War particularly during prolonged periods of Trench Warfare on the Wester...
Lump of labour fallacy
In economics, the lump of labour fallacy is the contention that the amount of work available to labourers is fixed.
In economics, the lump of labour fallacy is the contention that the amount of work available to labourers is fixed.
Manipulated Nash equilibrium
In game theory, a Manipulated Nash equilibrium or MAPNASH is a refinement of subgame perfect equilibrium used in dynamic games of imperfect information.
In game theory, a Manipulated Nash equilibrium or MAPNASH is a refinement of subgame perfect equilibrium used in dynamic games of imperfect information.
Markov perfect
Markov perfect is a property of some Nash equilibria.
Markov perfect is a property of some Nash equilibria.
Markov perfect equilibrium
Markov perfect is a property of some Nash equilibria.
Markov perfect is a property of some Nash equilibria.
Markov strategy
In game theory, a Markov strategy is one that does not depend at all on state variables that are functions of the history of the game, except those that affect payoffs.
In game theory, a Markov strategy is one that does not depend at all on state variables that are functions of the history of the game, except those that affect payoffs.
Martingale (probability theory)
Very roughly speaking, in probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process that is likely to rise just as much as it is likely to fall.
Very roughly speaking, in probability theory, a martingale is a stochastic process that is likely to rise just as much as it is likely to fall.
Mathematics of Operations Research
Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR) is a scholarly journal published since 1976.
Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR) is a scholarly journal published since 1976.
Max Dominated Strategy
In game theory a max dominated strategy is a strategy which is not a best response to any strategy profile of the other players.
In game theory a max dominated strategy is a strategy which is not a best response to any strategy profile of the other players.
Max-dominated strategy
In game theory a max-dominated strategy is a strategy which is not a best response to any strategy profile of the other players.
In game theory a max-dominated strategy is a strategy which is not a best response to any strategy profile of the other players.
Mechanism design
Mechanism design (sometimes called reverse game theory) is a field in game theory studying solution concepts for a class of private information games.
Mechanism design (sometimes called reverse game theory) is a field in game theory studying solution concepts for a class of private information games.
Median voter theorem
The median voter theorem states that under certain assumptions, the outcome of the decision is the outcome most preferred by the median voter.
The median voter theorem states that under certain assumptions, the outcome of the decision is the outcome most preferred by the median voter.
Metagame analysis
Metagame analysis involves framing a problem situation as a strategic game in which participants try to realise their objectives by means of the options available to them.
Metagame analysis involves framing a problem situation as a strategic game in which participants try to realise their objectives by means of the options available to them.
Metagaming
Metagaming is a broad term usually used to define any strategy, action or method used in a game which transcends a prescribed ruleset, uses external factors to affect the game, or goes beyond th...
Metagaming is a broad term usually used to define any strategy, action or method used in a game which transcends a prescribed ruleset, uses external factors to affect the game, or goes beyond th...
Michael Taylor (political scientist)
Michael Taylor (born 1942) is a political theorist and political economist, who is currently a professor at the University of Washington.
Michael Taylor (born 1942) is a political theorist and political economist, who is currently a professor at the University of Washington.
Minimax
Minimax (sometimes minmax) is a decision rule used in decision theory, game theory, statistics and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario.
Minimax (sometimes minmax) is a decision rule used in decision theory, game theory, statistics and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case (maximum loss) scenario.
Monty Hall problem
The Monty Hall problem is a probability puzzle loosely based on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after the show's original host, Monty Hall.
The Monty Hall problem is a probability puzzle loosely based on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after the show's original host, Monty Hall.
Move by nature
In game theory a move by nature is a decision or move in an extensive form game made by a player who has no strategic interests in the outcome.
In game theory a move by nature is a decision or move in an extensive form game made by a player who has no strategic interests in the outcome.
Moving-knife procedure
In the mathematics of social science, and especially game theory, a moving-knife procedure is a type of solution to the fair division problem.
In the mathematics of social science, and especially game theory, a moving-knife procedure is a type of solution to the fair division problem.
Multiunit auction
A multiunit auction is an auction in which several items are sold.
A multiunit auction is an auction in which several items are sold.
Myerson-Satterthwaite theorem
The Myerson-Satterthwaite theorem is an important result in mechanism design and the economics of asymmetric information, due to Roger Myerson and Mark Satterthwaite.
The Myerson-Satterthwaite theorem is an important result in mechanism design and the economics of asymmetric information, due to Roger Myerson and Mark Satterthwaite.
N-player game
In game theory, an n-player game is a game which is well defined for any number of players.
In game theory, an n-player game is a game which is well defined for any number of players.
Nash equilibrium
In game theory, Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no pl...
In game theory, Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a game involving two or more players, in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no pl...
Negotiation theory
The foundations of negotiation theory are decision analysis, behavioral decision making, game theory, and negotiation analysis.
The foundations of negotiation theory are decision analysis, behavioral decision making, game theory, and negotiation analysis.
No-win situation
A no-win situation, also called a "lose-lose" situation, is one where a person has choices, but no choice leads to a net gain.
A no-win situation, also called a "lose-lose" situation, is one where a person has choices, but no choice leads to a net gain.
Non-credible threat
A non-credible threat is a term used in game theory and economics to describe a threat in a sequential game that a rational player would actually not carry out, because it would not be in his be...
A non-credible threat is a term used in game theory and economics to describe a threat in a sequential game that a rational player would actually not carry out, because it would not be in his be...
Normal-form game
In game theory, normal form is a description of a game.
In game theory, normal form is a description of a game.
Open Options
Open Options Corporation is a privately-owned business strategy consulting company that specializes in applied game theory and business war games where there are multiple stakeholders who can al...
Open Options Corporation is a privately-owned business strategy consulting company that specializes in applied game theory and business war games where there are multiple stakeholders who can al...
Open-loop model
In game theory, an open-loop model is the one where players cannot observe the play of their opponents, as opposed to a closed-loop model, where all past play is common knowledge.
In game theory, an open-loop model is the one where players cannot observe the play of their opponents, as opposed to a closed-loop model, where all past play is common knowledge.
Outcome (game theory)
In game theory, an outcome is a set of moves or strategies taken by the players, or it is their payoffs resulting from the actions or strategies taken by all players.
In game theory, an outcome is a set of moves or strategies taken by the players, or it is their payoffs resulting from the actions or strategies taken by all players.
Pareto efficiency
Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a concept in economics with applications in engineering and social sciences.
Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a concept in economics with applications in engineering and social sciences.
Parity game
A parity game is played on a colored directed graph, where each node has been colored by a priority – one of (usually) finitely many natural numbers.
A parity game is played on a colored directed graph, where each node has been colored by a priority – one of (usually) finitely many natural numbers.
Parrondo's paradox
Parrondo's paradox, a paradox in game theory, has been described as: A losing strategy that wins.
Parrondo's paradox, a paradox in game theory, has been described as: A losing strategy that wins.
Parthasarathy's theorem
In mathematics and in particular the study of games on the unit square, Parthasarathy's theorem is a generalization of Von Neumann's minimax theorem.
In mathematics and in particular the study of games on the unit square, Parthasarathy's theorem is a generalization of Von Neumann's minimax theorem.
Partnership game
In game theory, a partnership game is a symmetric game where both players receive identical payoffs for any strategy set.
In game theory, a partnership game is a symmetric game where both players receive identical payoffs for any strategy set.
Pawn duel
Pawn duel is a logical chess game.
Pawn duel is a logical chess game.
Peace war game
The peace war game is a variation of the iterated prisoner's dilemma in which the decisions (Cooperate, Defect) are replaced by (Peace, War).
The peace war game is a variation of the iterated prisoner's dilemma in which the decisions (Cooperate, Defect) are replaced by (Peace, War).
Perfect information
In game theory, perfect information describes the situation when a player has available the same information to determine all of the possible games as would be available at the end of the game.
In game theory, perfect information describes the situation when a player has available the same information to determine all of the possible games as would be available at the end of the game.
Perfect rationality
In economics and game theory, the participants are sometimes considered to have perfect rationality: that is, they always act in a way that maximizes their utility, and are capable of arbitraril...
In economics and game theory, the participants are sometimes considered to have perfect rationality: that is, they always act in a way that maximizes their utility, and are capable of arbitraril...
Platonia dilemma
In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book Metamagical Themas, an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them send...
In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book Metamagical Themas, an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them send...
Poset game
Poset games are mathematical games of strategy where, given a poset P, two players alternate on choosing one point in P, removing it and and all points that are greater.
Poset games are mathematical games of strategy where, given a poset P, two players alternate on choosing one point in P, removing it and and all points that are greater.
Potential game
In game theory, a game is said to be a potential game if the incentive of all players to change their strategy can be expressed using a single global function called the potential function.
In game theory, a game is said to be a potential game if the incentive of all players to change their strategy can be expressed using a single global function called the potential function.
Price of anarchy
The Price of Anarchy is a concept in game theory that measures how the efficiency of a system degrades due to selfish behavior of its agents.
The Price of Anarchy is a concept in game theory that measures how the efficiency of a system degrades due to selfish behavior of its agents.
Price of stability
In game theory, the price of stability of a game is the ratio between the best objective function value of one of its equilibria and that of an optimal outcome.
In game theory, the price of stability of a game is the ratio between the best objective function value of one of its equilibria and that of an optimal outcome.
Princess and monster game
In game theory, the princess and monster game is a pursuit-evasion game played by two players in a region.
In game theory, the princess and monster game is a pursuit-evasion game played by two players in a region.
Prisoner's dilemma
The prisoner's dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so.
The prisoner's dilemma is a canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so.
Prisoners and hats puzzle
The prisoners and hats puzzle is an induction puzzle (a kind of logic puzzle) that involves reasoning about the actions of other people, drawing in aspects of Game theory.
The prisoners and hats puzzle is an induction puzzle (a kind of logic puzzle) that involves reasoning about the actions of other people, drawing in aspects of Game theory.
Proper equilibrium
Proper equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium due to Roger B. Myerson.
Proper equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium due to Roger B. Myerson.
Proportional (fair division)
Proportional division or simple fair division is the original and simplest problem in fair division.
Proportional division or simple fair division is the original and simplest problem in fair division.
Public goods game
The public goods game is a standard of experimental economics.
The public goods game is a standard of experimental economics.
Punctuality
Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.
Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.
Purification theorem
In game theory, the purification theorem was contributed by Nobel laureate John Harsanyi in 1973.
In game theory, the purification theorem was contributed by Nobel laureate John Harsanyi in 1973.
Pursuit-evasion
Pursuit-evasion (variants of which are referred to as cops and robbers and graph searching) is a family of problems in mathematics and computer science in which one group attempts t...
Pursuit-evasion (variants of which are referred to as cops and robbers and graph searching) is a family of problems in mathematics and computer science in which one group attempts t...
Quantal response equilibrium
Quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is a solution concept in game theory.
Quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is a solution concept in game theory.
Quantum game theory
Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory to the quantum domain.
Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory to the quantum domain.
Quasi-perfect equilibrium
Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme.
Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme.
Ratchet effect
A metaphorical ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once certain things have happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the s...
A metaphorical ratchet effect is an instance of the restrained ability of human processes to be reversed once certain things have happened, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that holds the s...
Rational agent
In economics, game theory, decision theory, and artificial intelligence, a rational agent is an agent which has clear preferences, models uncertainty via expected values, and always chooses to p...
In economics, game theory, decision theory, and artificial intelligence, a rational agent is an agent which has clear preferences, models uncertainty via expected values, and always chooses to p...
Rational ignorance
Rational ignorance occurs when the cost of educating oneself on an issue exceeds the potential benefit that the knowledge would provide.
Rational ignorance occurs when the cost of educating oneself on an issue exceeds the potential benefit that the knowledge would provide.
Rational irrationality
The concept known as Rational irrationality was introduced in The Myth of the Rational Voter.
The concept known as Rational irrationality was introduced in The Myth of the Rational Voter.
Rationalizability
In game theory, rationalizability or rationalizable equilibria is a solution concept which generalizes Nash equilibrium.
In game theory, rationalizability or rationalizable equilibria is a solution concept which generalizes Nash equilibrium.
Rendezvous problem
The rendezvous dilemma can be formulated in this way: :Two young people have a date in a park they have never been to before.
The rendezvous dilemma can be formulated in this way: :Two young people have a date in a park they have never been to before.
Repeated game
In game theory, a repeated game (supergame or iterated game) is an extensive form game which consists in some number of repetitions of some base game (called a stage game).
In game theory, a repeated game (supergame or iterated game) is an extensive form game which consists in some number of repetitions of some base game (called a stage game).
Replicator equation
In mathematics, the replicator equation is deterministic monotone non-linear and non-innovative game dynamic used in evolutionary game theory.
In mathematics, the replicator equation is deterministic monotone non-linear and non-innovative game dynamic used in evolutionary game theory.
Revelation principle
The revelation principle of economics can be stated as, "To any Bayesian Nash equilibrium of a game of incomplete information, there exists a payoff-equivalent revelation mechanism that has an e...
The revelation principle of economics can be stated as, "To any Bayesian Nash equilibrium of a game of incomplete information, there exists a payoff-equivalent revelation mechanism that has an e...
Risk dominance
Risk dominance and payoff dominance are two related refinements of the Nash equilibrium solution concept in game theory, defined by John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten.
Risk dominance and payoff dominance are two related refinements of the Nash equilibrium solution concept in game theory, defined by John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten.
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-spock
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock is a five-gesture expansion of the classic selection method Rock-paper-scissors.
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock is a five-gesture expansion of the classic selection method Rock-paper-scissors.
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock is a five-gesture expansion of the classic selection method game rock-paper-scissors.
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock is a five-gesture expansion of the classic selection method game rock-paper-scissors.
Roemer Model of Political Competition
The Roemer Model of Political Competition is a game between political parties in which each party announces a multidimensional policy vector.
The Roemer Model of Political Competition is a game between political parties in which each party announces a multidimensional policy vector.
Roemer model of political competition
The Roemer model of political competition is a game between political parties in which each party announces a multidimensional policy vector.
The Roemer model of political competition is a game between political parties in which each party announces a multidimensional policy vector.
Rubinstein bargaining model
A Rubinstein bargaining model refers to a class of bargaining games that feature alternating offers through an infinite time horizon.
A Rubinstein bargaining model refers to a class of bargaining games that feature alternating offers through an infinite time horizon.
Rule complex
A rule complex is a set consisting of rules and/or other rule complexes.
A rule complex is a set consisting of rules and/or other rule complexes.
Screening game
A screening game is a two-player principal-agent type game used in economic and game theoretical modeling.
A screening game is a two-player principal-agent type game used in economic and game theoretical modeling.
Search games
A search game is a two-person zero-sum game which takes place in a set called the search space.
A search game is a two-person zero-sum game which takes place in a set called the search space.
Self-confirming equilibrium
In game theory, self-confirming equilibrium is a generalization of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games, in which players correctly predict the moves their opponents actually make, but may ...
In game theory, self-confirming equilibrium is a generalization of Nash equilibrium for extensive form games, in which players correctly predict the moves their opponents actually make, but may ...
Selfridge-Conway discrete procedure
In problems of envy-free division, the Selfridge–Conway discrete procedure presents a solution for three players.
In problems of envy-free division, the Selfridge–Conway discrete procedure presents a solution for three players.
Selfridge–Conway discrete procedure
In problems of envy-free division, the Selfridge–Conway discrete procedure presents a solution for three players.
In problems of envy-free division, the Selfridge–Conway discrete procedure presents a solution for three players.
Sequential equilibrium
Sequential equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to David M. Kreps and Robert Wilson.
Sequential equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to David M. Kreps and Robert Wilson.
Sequential game
In game theory, a sequential game is a game where one player chooses his action before the others choose theirs.
In game theory, a sequential game is a game where one player chooses his action before the others choose theirs.
Shapley value
In game theory, the Shapley value, named in honour of Lloyd Shapley, who introduced it in 1953, is a solution concept in cooperative game theory.
In game theory, the Shapley value, named in honour of Lloyd Shapley, who introduced it in 1953, is a solution concept in cooperative game theory.
Shapley–Shubik power index
The Shapley–Shubik power index was formulated by Lloyd Shapley and Martin Shubik in 1954 to measure the powers of players in a voting game.
The Shapley–Shubik power index was formulated by Lloyd Shapley and Martin Shubik in 1954 to measure the powers of players in a voting game.
Signaling game
A signaling game is a dynamic, Bayesian game with two players, the sender (S) and the receiver (R).
A signaling game is a dynamic, Bayesian game with two players, the sender (S) and the receiver (R).
Signalling (economics)
In economics, more precisely in contract theory, signalling is the idea that one party credibly conveys some information about itself to another party.
In economics, more precisely in contract theory, signalling is the idea that one party credibly conveys some information about itself to another party.
Silverman's game
In game theory, Silverman's game is a zero sum game played on the unit square.
In game theory, Silverman's game is a zero sum game played on the unit square.
Simultaneous action selection
Simultaneous action selection, or SAS, is a game mechanic that occurs when players of a game take action (such as moving their pieces) at the same time.
Simultaneous action selection, or SAS, is a game mechanic that occurs when players of a game take action (such as moving their pieces) at the same time.
Simultaneous game
In game theory, a simultaneous game is a game where each player chooses his action without knowledge of the actions chosen by other players.
In game theory, a simultaneous game is a game where each player chooses his action without knowledge of the actions chosen by other players.
Sion's minimax theorem
In mathematics, and in particular game theory, Sion's minimax theorem is a generalization of John von Neumann's minimax theorem.
In mathematics, and in particular game theory, Sion's minimax theorem is a generalization of John von Neumann's minimax theorem.
Sir Philip Sidney game
In biology and game theory, the Sir Philip Sidney game is used as a model for the evolution and maintenance of informative communication between relatives.
In biology and game theory, the Sir Philip Sidney game is used as a model for the evolution and maintenance of informative communication between relatives.
Small numbers game
Small numbers game is a term from the economic decision-making theory, meaning that in an oligopolistic market, the actions of one player have direct unforeseeable consequences for other players.
Small numbers game is a term from the economic decision-making theory, meaning that in an oligopolistic market, the actions of one player have direct unforeseeable consequences for other players.
Small-numbers game
Small-numbers game is a term from the economic decision-making theory, meaning that in an oligopolistic market, the actions of one player have direct unforeseeable consequences for other players.
Small-numbers game is a term from the economic decision-making theory, meaning that in an oligopolistic market, the actions of one player have direct unforeseeable consequences for other players.
Smart market
A "smart market" is a periodic auction which is cleared by the operations research technique of mathematical optimization, such as linear programming.
A "smart market" is a periodic auction which is cleared by the operations research technique of mathematical optimization, such as linear programming.
Social dilemma
Social dilemmas are situations in which collective interests are at odds with private interests.
Social dilemmas are situations in which collective interests are at odds with private interests.
Social software (social procedure)
In philosophy and the social sciences, social software is an interdisciplinary research program that borrows mathematical tools and techniques from game theory and computer science in order to a...
In philosophy and the social sciences, social software is an interdisciplinary research program that borrows mathematical tools and techniques from game theory and computer science in order to a...
Social trap
Social trap is a term used by psychologists to describe a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group ...
Social trap is a term used by psychologists to describe a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group ...
Social Value Orientations
Social value orientations (also referred to as social motives, social values, or value orientations) is a social psychology motivational theory of choice behavior in game situations ...
Social value orientations (also referred to as social motives, social values, or value orientations) is a social psychology motivational theory of choice behavior in game situations ...
Social value orientations
Social value orientations (also referred to as social motives, social values, or value orientations) is a social psychology motivational theory of choice behavior in game situations ...
Social value orientations (also referred to as social motives, social values, or value orientations) is a social psychology motivational theory of choice behavior in game situations ...
Solution concept
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how the game will be played.
In game theory, a solution concept is a formal rule for predicting how the game will be played.
Spite
In fair division problems, spite is a phenomenon that occurs when a player's value of an allocation decreases when one or more other players' valuation increases.
In fair division problems, spite is a phenomenon that occurs when a player's value of an allocation decreases when one or more other players' valuation increases.
Stable marriage problem
In mathematics and computer science, the stable marriage problem is the problem of finding a stable matching between two sets of elements given a set of preferences for each element.
In mathematics and computer science, the stable marriage problem is the problem of finding a stable matching between two sets of elements given a set of preferences for each element.
Stable roommates problem
In mathematics, especially in the fields of game theory and combinatorics, the stable roommate problem is the problem of finding a stable matching — a matching in which there is no ...
In mathematics, especially in the fields of game theory and combinatorics, the stable roommate problem is the problem of finding a stable matching — a matching in which there is no ...
Stackelberg competition
The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially.
The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially.
Stag hunt
In game theory, the stag hunt is a game which describes a conflict between safety and social cooperation.
In game theory, the stag hunt is a game which describes a conflict between safety and social cooperation.
Stochastic game
In game theory, a stochastic game, introduced by Lloyd Shapley in the early 1950s, is a dynamic game with probabilistic transitions played by one or more players.
In game theory, a stochastic game, introduced by Lloyd Shapley in the early 1950s, is a dynamic game with probabilistic transitions played by one or more players.
Stochastically stable equilibrium
In game theory, a stochastically stable equilibrium is a refinement of the evolutionarily stable state in evolutionary game theory, proposed by Dean Foster and Peyton Young.
In game theory, a stochastically stable equilibrium is a refinement of the evolutionarily stable state in evolutionary game theory, proposed by Dean Foster and Peyton Young.
Strategic complements
In economics and game theory, the decisions of two or more players are called strategic complements if they mutually reinforce one another, and they are called strategic substitutes if the...
In economics and game theory, the decisions of two or more players are called strategic complements if they mutually reinforce one another, and they are called strategic substitutes if the...
Strategic dominance
In game theory, strategic dominance occurs when one strategy is better than another strategy for one player, no matter how that player's opponents may play.
In game theory, strategic dominance occurs when one strategy is better than another strategy for one player, no matter how that player's opponents may play.
Strategic move
A strategic move in game theory is an action taken by a player outside the defined actions of the game in order to gain a strategic advantage and increase one's payoff.
A strategic move in game theory is an action taken by a player outside the defined actions of the game in order to gain a strategic advantage and increase one's payoff.
Strategy (game theory)
A player's strategy, in game theory, refers to one of the options he can choose in a setting where the outcome depends not only on his own actions but on the action of others.
A player's strategy, in game theory, refers to one of the options he can choose in a setting where the outcome depends not only on his own actions but on the action of others.
Strategyproof
In game theory, an asymmetric game where players have private information is said to be strategy-proof if there is no incentive for any of the players to lie about or hide their private informat...
In game theory, an asymmetric game where players have private information is said to be strategy-proof if there is no incentive for any of the players to lie about or hide their private informat...
Stromquist moving-knife procedure
In problems of envy-free division, the Stromquist moving-knife procedure is a moving-knife procedure for three players.
In problems of envy-free division, the Stromquist moving-knife procedure is a moving-knife procedure for three players.
Strong Nash equilibrium
A Strong Nash equilibrium is a Nash equilibrium in which no coalition, taking the actions of its complements as given, can cooperatively deviate in a way that benefits all of its members.
A Strong Nash equilibrium is a Nash equilibrium in which no coalition, taking the actions of its complements as given, can cooperatively deviate in a way that benefits all of its members.
Subgame perfect equilibrium
In game theory, a subgame perfect equilibrium is a refinement of a Nash equilibrium used in dynamic games.
In game theory, a subgame perfect equilibrium is a refinement of a Nash equilibrium used in dynamic games.
Succinct game
In algorithmic game theory, a succinct game or a succinctly representable game is a game which may be represented in a size much smaller than its normal form representation.
In algorithmic game theory, a succinct game or a succinctly representable game is a game which may be represented in a size much smaller than its normal form representation.
Sucker bet
A sucker bet is a gambling wager in which the expected return is significantly lower than the wager(s).
A sucker bet is a gambling wager in which the expected return is significantly lower than the wager(s).
Sudoku algorithms
The class of Sudoku puzzles consists of a partially completed row-column grid of cells partitioned into N regions or zones each of size N cells, to be filled in using a prescribe...
The class of Sudoku puzzles consists of a partially completed row-column grid of cells partitioned into N regions or zones each of size N cells, to be filled in using a prescribe...
Sunk cost dilemma
A sunk cost dilemma is a dilemma of having to choose between continuing a project of uncertain prospects already involving considerable sunk costs, or discontinuing the project.
A sunk cost dilemma is a dilemma of having to choose between continuing a project of uncertain prospects already involving considerable sunk costs, or discontinuing the project.
Superrationality
The concept of superrationality was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, in his article series and book Metamagical Themas.
The concept of superrationality was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, in his article series and book Metamagical Themas.
Surplus procedure
The surplus procedure (SP) is a fair division protocol for dividing goods in a way that achieves proportional equitability.
The surplus procedure (SP) is a fair division protocol for dividing goods in a way that achieves proportional equitability.
Swap regret
Swap regret is a concept from game theory.
Swap regret is a concept from game theory.
Symmetric equilibrium
In game theory, a symmetric equilibrium is an equilibrium where both players use the same strategy (possibly mixed) in the equilibrium.
In game theory, a symmetric equilibrium is an equilibrium where both players use the same strategy (possibly mixed) in the equilibrium.
Symmetric game
In game theory, a symmetric game is a game where the payoffs for playing a particular strategy depend only on the other strategies employed, not on who is playing them.
In game theory, a symmetric game is a game where the payoffs for playing a particular strategy depend only on the other strategies employed, not on who is playing them.
The Bottle Imp
The Bottle Imp (1891) is a short story by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson usually found in the short story collection Island Nights' Entertainments.
The Bottle Imp (1891) is a short story by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson usually found in the short story collection Island Nights' Entertainments.
The Complexity of Cooperation
The Complexity of Cooperation, by Robert Axelrod, is the sequel to The Evolution of Cooperation.
The Complexity of Cooperation, by Robert Axelrod, is the sequel to The Evolution of Cooperation.
The evolution of cooperation
The evolution of cooperation is the study of how cooperation can emerge and persist as elucidated by application of game theory.
The evolution of cooperation is the study of how cooperation can emerge and persist as elucidated by application of game theory.
The Intuitive Criterion
The Intuitive Criterion in Game Theory is a technique for equilibrium refinement in signaling games.
The Intuitive Criterion in Game Theory is a technique for equilibrium refinement in signaling games.
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is widely considered...
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is widely considered...
Theorycraft
Theorycraft is the scientific analysis of games to discover the best strategies and tactics to win.
Theorycraft is the scientific analysis of games to discover the best strategies and tactics to win.
Topological game
A topological game is an infinite positional game of perfect information played between two players on a topological space.
A topological game is an infinite positional game of perfect information played between two players on a topological space.
Tragedy of the anticommons
The tragedy of the anticommons is a neologism coined by Michael Heller to describe a coordination breakdown where the existence of numerous rightsholders frustrates achieving a socially desirabl...
The tragedy of the anticommons is a neologism coined by Michael Heller to describe a coordination breakdown where the existence of numerous rightsholders frustrates achieving a socially desirabl...
Tragedy of the commons
The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete ...
The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete ...
Transferable utility
Transferable utility is a term used in cooperative game theory and in economics.
Transferable utility is a term used in cooperative game theory and in economics.
Traveler's dilemma
In game theory, the traveler's dilemma (sometimes abbreviated TD) is a type of non-zero-sum game in which two players attempt to maximize their own payoff, without any concern for the othe...
In game theory, the traveler's dilemma (sometimes abbreviated TD) is a type of non-zero-sum game in which two players attempt to maximize their own payoff, without any concern for the othe...
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium due to Reinhard Selten.
Trembling hand perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium due to Reinhard Selten.
Truel
A truel is a neologism for a duel between three opponents, in which players can fire at one another in an attempt to eliminate them while surviving themselves.
A truel is a neologism for a duel between three opponents, in which players can fire at one another in an attempt to eliminate them while surviving themselves.
Two-level game theory
Two-level game theory is a political model of international conflict resolution between liberal democracies derived from game theory and originally introduced in 1988 by Robert Putnam.
Two-level game theory is a political model of international conflict resolution between liberal democracies derived from game theory and originally introduced in 1988 by Robert Putnam.
Ultimatum game
The ultimatum game is a game often played in economic experiments in which two players interact to decide how to divide a sum of money that is given to them.
The ultimatum game is a game often played in economic experiments in which two players interact to decide how to divide a sum of money that is given to them.
Uncorrelated asymmetry
In game theory an uncorrelated asymmetry is an arbitrary asymmetry in a game which is otherwise symmetrical.
In game theory an uncorrelated asymmetry is an arbitrary asymmetry in a game which is otherwise symmetrical.
Uniform price auction
A uniform price auction otherwise known as a "Clearing Price Auction" is a multi-unit auction in which a fixed number of identical units of a homogenous commodity are sold for the same price.
A uniform price auction otherwise known as a "Clearing Price Auction" is a multi-unit auction in which a fixed number of identical units of a homogenous commodity are sold for the same price.
Unscrupulous diner's dilemma
In game theory, the Unscrupulous diner's dilemma (or just Diner's dilemma) is an n-player prisoner's dilemma.
In game theory, the Unscrupulous diner's dilemma (or just Diner's dilemma) is an n-player prisoner's dilemma.
Vickrey-Clarke-Groves auction
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction is a type of sealed-bid auction where multiple items are up for bid, and each bidder submits a different value for each item.
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction is a type of sealed-bid auction where multiple items are up for bid, and each bidder submits a different value for each item.
Vickrey-Clarke–Groves auction
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves auction of multiple goods is a sealed-bid auction wherein bidders report their valuations for the items.
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves auction of multiple goods is a sealed-bid auction wherein bidders report their valuations for the items.
Vickrey–Clarke–Groves auction
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction is a type of sealed-bid auction where multiple items are up for bid, and each bidder submits a different value for each item.
A Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction is a type of sealed-bid auction where multiple items are up for bid, and each bidder submits a different value for each item.
Volunteer's dilemma
The volunteer's dilemma game models a situation in which each of N players faces the decision of either making a small sacrifice from which all will benefit, or freeriding.
The volunteer's dilemma game models a situation in which each of N players faces the decision of either making a small sacrifice from which all will benefit, or freeriding.
Wait/walk dilemma
The Wait/walk dilemma occurs when waiting for a bus at a bus stop, when the duration of the wait may exceed the time needed to arrive at a destination by another means, especially walking.
The Wait/walk dilemma occurs when waiting for a bus at a bus stop, when the duration of the wait may exceed the time needed to arrive at a destination by another means, especially walking.
War's inefficiency puzzle
War’s inefficiency puzzle is a research question asking why unitary-actor states would choose to fight wars when doing so is costly.
War’s inefficiency puzzle is a research question asking why unitary-actor states would choose to fight wars when doing so is costly.
Win-Stay, Lose-Switch
In psychology, game theory, statistics, and machine learning, Win-Stay, Lose-Switch (also Win-Stay, Lose-Shift) is a learning strategy used to model learning in decision situations.
In psychology, game theory, statistics, and machine learning, Win-Stay, Lose-Switch (also Win-Stay, Lose-Shift) is a learning strategy used to model learning in decision situations.
Win-stay, lose-switch
In psychology, game theory, statistics, and machine learning, win–stay, lose–switch is a learning strategy used to model learning in decision situations.
In psychology, game theory, statistics, and machine learning, win–stay, lose–switch is a learning strategy used to model learning in decision situations.
Win-win game
A win-win game is a game which is designed in a way that all participants can profit from it in one way or the other.
A win-win game is a game which is designed in a way that all participants can profit from it in one way or the other.
Zermelo's theorem (game theory)
In game theory, Zermelo’s theorem, named after Ernst Zermelo, says that in any finite two-person game of perfect information in which the players move alternatively and in which chance does not ...
In game theory, Zermelo’s theorem, named after Ernst Zermelo, says that in any finite two-person game of perfect information in which the players move alternatively and in which chance does not ...
Zero-player game
A zero-player game is a game that has no human players.
A zero-player game is a game that has no human players.
Zugzwang
Zugzwang (German for "compulsion to move", ) is a term usually used in chess which also applies to various other games.
Zugzwang (German for "compulsion to move", ) is a term usually used in chess which also applies to various other games.