SettingsGenetics
"Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy" (scientific paper)
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards that refers to an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversi...
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards that refers to an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversi...
1000 Genomes Project
The 1000 Genomes Project, launched in January 2008, is an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation.
The 1000 Genomes Project, launched in January 2008, is an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation.
17q21.3 recurrent microdeletion syndrome
17q21.3 recurrent microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment of chromosome 17 which contains six genes.
17q21.3 recurrent microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment of chromosome 17 which contains six genes.
17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome
17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment of chromosome 17 which contains six genes.
17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment of chromosome 17 which contains six genes.
1q21.1 deletion syndrome
1q21.1 deletion syndrome or 1q21.1 microdeletion is a rare aberration of chromosome 1.
1q21.1 deletion syndrome or 1q21.1 microdeletion is a rare aberration of chromosome 1.
1q21.1 duplication syndrome
1q21.1 duplication syndrome or 1q21.1 microduplication is a rare aberration of chromosome 1.
1q21.1 duplication syndrome or 1q21.1 microduplication is a rare aberration of chromosome 1.
22q11.2 duplication syndrome
22q11.2 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of a segment at the end of chromosome 22.
22q11.2 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a duplication of a segment at the end of chromosome 22.
2q37 monosomy
2q37 monosomy is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment at the end of chromosome 2.
2q37 monosomy is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment at the end of chromosome 2.
3q29 microdeletion syndrome
3q29 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from the deletion of a segment of chromosome 3.
3q29 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from the deletion of a segment of chromosome 3.
5-HTTLPR
5-HTTLPR is a degenerate repeat polymorphic region in SLC6A4, the gene that codes for the serotonin transporter.
5-HTTLPR is a degenerate repeat polymorphic region in SLC6A4, the gene that codes for the serotonin transporter.
ABC model of flower development
The ABC model of flower development in angiosperms was formulated by Enrico Coen and Elliot Meyerowitz in 1991.
The ABC model of flower development in angiosperms was formulated by Enrico Coen and Elliot Meyerowitz in 1991.
Accessory genome
Accessory Genome is the mobile genetic elements which would transfer horizontally between strains of the same organism.
Accessory Genome is the mobile genetic elements which would transfer horizontally between strains of the same organism.
Acquired characteristic
An acquired characteristic is a non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living biotic material caused after birth by disease, injury, accident, deliberate modification, repeated use...
An acquired characteristic is a non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living biotic material caused after birth by disease, injury, accident, deliberate modification, repeated use...
Active chromatin sequence
An active chromatin sequence (ACS) is a region of DNA in a eukaryotic chromosome in which histone modifications such as acetylation lead to exposure of the DNA sequence thus allowing binding of ...
An active chromatin sequence (ACS) is a region of DNA in a eukaryotic chromosome in which histone modifications such as acetylation lead to exposure of the DNA sequence thus allowing binding of ...
Additive genetic effects
Additive genetic effects consist of the effects of two or more alleles, or variations of a gene, of different loci,, combined in such a way that the sum of their effects in unison is equal to th...
Additive genetic effects consist of the effects of two or more alleles, or variations of a gene, of different loci,, combined in such a way that the sum of their effects in unison is equal to th...
Adductomics
Adductomics is the study of DNA adducts in the context of an entire genome.
Adductomics is the study of DNA adducts in the context of an entire genome.
Admixture mapping
Admixture mapping is a method of gene mapping that makes use of a population of mixed ancestry (an admixed population) to find the genetic loci that contribute to differences in diseases or othe...
Admixture mapping is a method of gene mapping that makes use of a population of mixed ancestry (an admixed population) to find the genetic loci that contribute to differences in diseases or othe...
Allele frequency net database
The allele frequency net database is a database containing the frequencies of immune genes and their corresponding alleles in different populations.
The allele frequency net database is a database containing the frequencies of immune genes and their corresponding alleles in different populations.
Allelic exclusion
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced.
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced.
Ambidirectional dominance
Ambidirectional dominance occurs in a situation where multiple genes influence a phenotype and dominance is in different directions depending on the gene.
Ambidirectional dominance occurs in a situation where multiple genes influence a phenotype and dominance is in different directions depending on the gene.
Amelogenin
Amelogenin is a protein found in developing tooth enamel, and it belongs to a family of extracellular matrix proteins.
Amelogenin is a protein found in developing tooth enamel, and it belongs to a family of extracellular matrix proteins.
AMELX
Amelogenin, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELX gene.
Amelogenin, X isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELX gene.
AMELY
Amelogenin, Y isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELY (amelogenin, Y-linked) gene.
Amelogenin, Y isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMELY (amelogenin, Y-linked) gene.
American Genetic Association
The American Genetic Association (AGA), formerly the American Breeders' Association, founded 1903, is a USA-based learned society dedicated to the study of genetics.
The American Genetic Association (AGA), formerly the American Breeders' Association, founded 1903, is a USA-based learned society dedicated to the study of genetics.
Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis
Amplified rDNA (Ribosomal DNA) Restriction Analysis is the extension of the technique of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) to the gene encoding the small (16s) ribosomal subunit of...
Amplified rDNA (Ribosomal DNA) Restriction Analysis is the extension of the technique of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) to the gene encoding the small (16s) ribosomal subunit of...
Analysis of molecular variance
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular variation in a single species, typically biological.
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular variation in a single species, typically biological.
Animal Genome Size Database
The Animal Genome Size Database is a comprehensive catalogue of published genome size estimates for vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
The Animal Genome Size Database is a comprehensive catalogue of published genome size estimates for vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis was first proposed by George C. Williams in 1957 as an explanation for senescence.
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis was first proposed by George C. Williams in 1957 as an explanation for senescence.
Anticancer genes
Anti-cancer genes act in a dominant fashion: when ectopically overexpressed they specifically destroy tumour cells without harming normal cells.
Anti-cancer genes act in a dominant fashion: when ectopically overexpressed they specifically destroy tumour cells without harming normal cells.
araB
The araB gene promoter is a bacterial promoter, activated by e L-arabinose binding.
The araB gene promoter is a bacterial promoter, activated by e L-arabinose binding.
Archon X Prize
The Archon X Prize for Genomics, the second X Prize to be offered by the X Prize Foundation, based in Santa Monica, California, was announced on October 4, 2006.
The Archon X Prize for Genomics, the second X Prize to be offered by the X Prize Foundation, based in Santa Monica, California, was announced on October 4, 2006.
Association mapping
Association mapping, also known as "linkage disequilibrium mapping", is a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenoty...
Association mapping, also known as "linkage disequilibrium mapping", is a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenoty...
Atomic gardening
Atomic gardens are projects where plants are exposed to radioactive sources, typically Cobalt-60, in order to generate useful mutations.
Atomic gardens are projects where plants are exposed to radioactive sources, typically Cobalt-60, in order to generate useful mutations.
Auxology
Auxology, sometimes called Auxanology (from Greek, auxō, or, auxanō, "grow"; and, -logia), is a meta-term covering the study of all aspects of human physical growth (though it ...
Auxology, sometimes called Auxanology (from Greek, auxō, or, auxanō, "grow"; and, -logia), is a meta-term covering the study of all aspects of human physical growth (though it ...
B chromosome
In addition to the normal karyotype, wild populations of many animal, plant, and fungi species contain B chromosomes (also known as supernumerary or accessory chromosomes).
In addition to the normal karyotype, wild populations of many animal, plant, and fungi species contain B chromosomes (also known as supernumerary or accessory chromosomes).
Backcrossing
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that o...
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that o...
Bacterial Genetic Nomenclature
Bacterial genetic nomenclature is a set of generally accepted rules and conventions used for naming bacterial genes.
Bacterial genetic nomenclature is a set of generally accepted rules and conventions used for naming bacterial genes.
Bacterial genetic nomenclature
Bacterial genetic nomenclature is a set of generally accepted rules and conventions used for naming bacterial genes.
Bacterial genetic nomenclature is a set of generally accepted rules and conventions used for naming bacterial genes.
Bacterial genetics
Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacteria.
Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacteria.
BAG3
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG3 gene.
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG3 gene.
Balancer chromosome
A balancer chromosome is a genetic tool used to prevent crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
A balancer chromosome is a genetic tool used to prevent crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
BALB/c
BALB/c is an albino, laboratory-bred strain of the House Mouse from which a number of common substrains are derived.
BALB/c is an albino, laboratory-bred strain of the House Mouse from which a number of common substrains are derived.
Base analog
A base analog is a chemical that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.
A base analog is a chemical that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.
Base pair
In molecular biology and genetics, the linking between two nitrogenous bases on opposite complementary DNA or certain types of RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds is called a base pai...
In molecular biology and genetics, the linking between two nitrogenous bases on opposite complementary DNA or certain types of RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds is called a base pai...
Bead theory
The bead theory is a disproved hypothesis that genes are arranged on the chromosome like beads on a necklace.
The bead theory is a disproved hypothesis that genes are arranged on the chromosome like beads on a necklace.
Behavioural genetics
Behavioural genetics is the field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal behaviour.
Behavioural genetics is the field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal behaviour.
Binary vector
Used to generate transgenic plants, binary vectors are cloning vectors which are able to replicate in both E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which are bacteria that are often used i...
Used to generate transgenic plants, binary vectors are cloning vectors which are able to replicate in both E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which are bacteria that are often used i...
Bioecological model
The bioecological model, first proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner and Ceci, is a theoretical model of gene–environment interactions that suggests that genetic influences on behavior should be most ...
The bioecological model, first proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner and Ceci, is a theoretical model of gene–environment interactions that suggests that genetic influences on behavior should be most ...
Biological imperative
Biological imperatives are the needs of living organisms required to perpetuate their existence: to survive.
Biological imperatives are the needs of living organisms required to perpetuate their existence: to survive.
BioModels Database
BioModels Database is a free and open-source database for storing, exchanging and retrieving published quantitative models of biological interest.
BioModels Database is a free and open-source database for storing, exchanging and retrieving published quantitative models of biological interest.
BioPAX
BioPAX is a RDF/OWL-based standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level.
BioPAX is a RDF/OWL-based standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level.
Bithorax complex
The bithorax complex (BX-C) is a group of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster which are believed to control the differentiation of the abdominal and posterior thoracic segments, locate...
The bithorax complex (BX-C) is a group of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster which are believed to control the differentiation of the abdominal and posterior thoracic segments, locate...
Blending inheritance
Many biologists and other academics held to the idea of blending inheritance during the 19th century, prior to the discovery of genetics.
Many biologists and other academics held to the idea of blending inheritance during the 19th century, prior to the discovery of genetics.
Blood Memory
Blood memory is a term used most often by Indigenous peoples of the world, for the understanding of how traditional knowledge and memory is stored in the cells; or genetic makeup of one’s body (...
Blood memory is a term used most often by Indigenous peoples of the world, for the understanding of how traditional knowledge and memory is stored in the cells; or genetic makeup of one’s body (...
Blood memory
Blood memory is a term used most often by Indigenous peoples of the world, for the understanding of how traditional knowledge and memory is stored in the cells; or genetic makeup of one’s body.
Blood memory is a term used most often by Indigenous peoples of the world, for the understanding of how traditional knowledge and memory is stored in the cells; or genetic makeup of one’s body.
Blood type
A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.
A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.
Bookmarking
In genetics and epigenetics, bookmarking is a biological phenomenon believed to function as an epigenetic mechanism for transmitting cellular memory of the pattern of gene expression in a cell, ...
In genetics and epigenetics, bookmarking is a biological phenomenon believed to function as an epigenetic mechanism for transmitting cellular memory of the pattern of gene expression in a cell, ...
Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory
The Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory (also known as the chromosome theory of inheritance or the Sutton-Boveri Theory) is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chr...
The Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory (also known as the chromosome theory of inheritance or the Sutton-Boveri Theory) is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chr...
Budgerigar colour genetics
The science of budgerigar color genetics deals with the heredity of mutations which cause color variation in the feathers of the species known scientifically as Melopsittacus undulatus.
The science of budgerigar color genetics deals with the heredity of mutations which cause color variation in the feathers of the species known scientifically as Melopsittacus undulatus.
C-value enigma
The C-value enigma or C-value paradox is a term used to describe the complex puzzle surrounding the extensive variation in nuclear genome size among eukaryotic species.
The C-value enigma or C-value paradox is a term used to describe the complex puzzle surrounding the extensive variation in nuclear genome size among eukaryotic species.
Canalisation (genetics)
Canalisation (canalization in American English) is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.
Canalisation (canalization in American English) is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.
Candidate gene
The candidate gene approach to conducting genetic association studies focuses on associations between genetic variation within pre-specified genes of interest and phenotypes or disease states.
The candidate gene approach to conducting genetic association studies focuses on associations between genetic variation within pre-specified genes of interest and phenotypes or disease states.
Canonical sequence
A canonical sequence is a sequence of DNA, RNA, or amino acids that reflects the most common choice of base or amino acid at each position.
A canonical sequence is a sequence of DNA, RNA, or amino acids that reflects the most common choice of base or amino acid at each position.
CaSNP
CaSNP is database for storing data about copy number alterations from SNP arrays for different types of cancer.
CaSNP is database for storing data about copy number alterations from SNP arrays for different types of cancer.
Cat coat genetics
The genetics of cat coat coloration, pattern, length, and texture is a complex subject, and many different genes are involved.
The genetics of cat coat coloration, pattern, length, and texture is a complex subject, and many different genes are involved.
Centimorgan
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage.
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage.
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics
The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT) is part of the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Medicine.
The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (CMMT) is part of the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Medicine.
Chi site
A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is unusually likely to occur.
A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is unusually likely to occur.
Chiasma (genetics)
A chiasma (plural: chiasmata), in genetics, is thought to be the point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during chromosomal crossover during meiosis (sis...
A chiasma (plural: chiasmata), in genetics, is thought to be the point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during chromosomal crossover during meiosis (sis...
Chimera (EST)
In genetics, a chimera is a single cDNA sequence originating from two transcripts.
In genetics, a chimera is a single cDNA sequence originating from two transcripts.
Chimeric gene
Chimeric genes form through the combination of portions of one or more coding sequences to produce new genes.
Chimeric genes form through the combination of portions of one or more coding sequences to produce new genes.
Chromosome engineering
Chromosome engineering is "the controlled generation of chromosomal deletions, inversions, or translocations with defined endpoints.
Chromosome engineering is "the controlled generation of chromosomal deletions, inversions, or translocations with defined endpoints.
Cis-acting
In the field of molecular biology, cis-acting, in general, means "acting from the same molecule" (i.e.
In the field of molecular biology, cis-acting, in general, means "acting from the same molecule" (i.e.
Cisgenesis
Cisgenesis, sometimes also called Intragenesis, is a product designation for a category of genetically engineered plants.
Cisgenesis, sometimes also called Intragenesis, is a product designation for a category of genetically engineered plants.
Cistron
A cistron is a term used to describe the locus responsible for generating a protein.
A cistron is a term used to describe the locus responsible for generating a protein.
CIT Program Tumor Identity Cards
The "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT)" program (or 'Tumor Identity Cards'), launched and financed by the French charity "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", aims at characterizing multiple typ...
The "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT)" program (or 'Tumor Identity Cards'), launched and financed by the French charity "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", aims at characterizing multiple typ...
Classical Genetics Simulator
Classical Genetics Simulator (CGS) is a web-based genetics learning tool developed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Classical Genetics Simulator (CGS) is a web-based genetics learning tool developed at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Classification of mobile genetic elements
The CLAssification of Mobile genetic Elements (ACLAME) is a database of sequenced mobile genetic elements.
The CLAssification of Mobile genetic Elements (ACLAME) is a database of sequenced mobile genetic elements.
Clastogenic
Clastogenic is an adjective that describes the ability of an agent or process to act as a clastogen—an agent or process giving rise to or inducing disruption or breakages of chromosomes.
Clastogenic is an adjective that describes the ability of an agent or process to act as a clastogen—an agent or process giving rise to or inducing disruption or breakages of chromosomes.
Cockatiel colour genetics
The science of Cockatiel colour genetics deals with the heredity of colour variation in the feathers of the bird species commonly known as the Cockatiel, (Nymphicus hollandicus).
The science of Cockatiel colour genetics deals with the heredity of colour variation in the feathers of the bird species commonly known as the Cockatiel, (Nymphicus hollandicus).
Coefficient of coincidence
In genetics, the coefficient of coincidence (c.o.c.) is a measure of interference in the formation of chromosomal crossovers during meiosis.
In genetics, the coefficient of coincidence (c.o.c.) is a measure of interference in the formation of chromosomal crossovers during meiosis.
Cognitive hearing science
Cognitive hearing science is an interdisciplinary science field concerned with the physiological and cognitive basis of hearing and its interplay with signal processing in hearing aids.
Cognitive hearing science is an interdisciplinary science field concerned with the physiological and cognitive basis of hearing and its interplay with signal processing in hearing aids.
Common disease-common variant
The common disease-common variant (often abbreviated CD-CV) hypothesis predicts that common disease-causing alleles, or variants, will be found in all human populations which manifest a given di...
The common disease-common variant (often abbreviated CD-CV) hypothesis predicts that common disease-causing alleles, or variants, will be found in all human populations which manifest a given di...
Common misunderstandings of genetics
As with other complex and evolving fields of knowledge, the public awareness of these advances has primarily been through the mass media, and a number of common misunderstandings of genetics ha...
As with other complex and evolving fields of knowledge, the public awareness of these advances has primarily been through the mass media, and a number of common misunderstandings of genetics ha...
Comparative regulatory genomics database
Comparative regulatory genomics database (CORG) is a catalogue of conserved non-coding sequence blocks.
Comparative regulatory genomics database (CORG) is a catalogue of conserved non-coding sequence blocks.
Complex segregation analysis
Complex segregation analysis is technique within genetic epidemiology to determine whether there is evidence that a major gene underling the distribution of a given phenotypic trait.
Complex segregation analysis is technique within genetic epidemiology to determine whether there is evidence that a major gene underling the distribution of a given phenotypic trait.
Compositional domain
A compositional domain in genetics is a region of DNA with a distinct guanine and cytosine: G-C and C-G.
A compositional domain in genetics is a region of DNA with a distinct guanine and cytosine: G-C and C-G.
Compositional Domains Model
In genetics, a Compositional Domain is a region of DNA with a distinct guanine and cytosine: G-C and C-G .The homogeneity of compositional domains is compared to that of the chromosome on which ...
In genetics, a Compositional Domain is a region of DNA with a distinct guanine and cytosine: G-C and C-G .The homogeneity of compositional domains is compared to that of the chromosome on which ...
Compound heterozygosity
Compound heterozygosity in medical genetics is the condition of having two heterogeneous recessive alleles at a particular locus that can cause genetic disease in a heterozygous state.
Compound heterozygosity in medical genetics is the condition of having two heterogeneous recessive alleles at a particular locus that can cause genetic disease in a heterozygous state.
Comprehensive Microbial Resource
The Comprehensive Microbial Resource (CMR) is a website carrying data on publicly available prokaryotic genomes.
The Comprehensive Microbial Resource (CMR) is a website carrying data on publicly available prokaryotic genomes.
Concordance (genetics)
Concordance as used in genetics usually means the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins.
Concordance as used in genetics usually means the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins.
Congenic
In genetics, two organisms that differ in one locus are defined as congenic or coisogenic.
In genetics, two organisms that differ in one locus are defined as congenic or coisogenic.
Consanguinity
Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin consanguinitas) refers to the property of being from the same kinship as another person.
Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin consanguinitas) refers to the property of being from the same kinship as another person.
Constance Cepko
Constance "Connie" Cepko is a developmental biologist and geneticist, who works at Harvard Medical School.
Constance "Connie" Cepko is a developmental biologist and geneticist, who works at Harvard Medical School.
Constitutive ablation
Constitutive ablation is a gene expression which results in cell death.
Constitutive ablation is a gene expression which results in cell death.
Contiguous gene syndrome
A contiguous gene syndrome is a syndrome caused by abnormalities of 2 or more genes that are located next to each other on a chromosome.
A contiguous gene syndrome is a syndrome caused by abnormalities of 2 or more genes that are located next to each other on a chromosome.
Copy number analysis
Copy number analysis usually refers to the process of analyzing data produced by a test for DNA copy number variation in patient's sample.
Copy number analysis usually refers to the process of analyzing data produced by a test for DNA copy number variation in patient's sample.
Copy-number variation
Copy-number variations—a form of structural variation—are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. CNVs...
Copy-number variations—a form of structural variation—are alterations of the DNA of a genome that results in the cell having an abnormal number of copies of one or more sections of the DNA. CNVs...
Cortical inheritance
Cortical Inheritance or structural inheritance was discovered by Tracy Sonneborn, and other researchers, during his study on protozoa in the late 1930s.
Cortical Inheritance or structural inheritance was discovered by Tracy Sonneborn, and other researchers, during his study on protozoa in the late 1930s.
Cre recombinase
Cre Recombinase is a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 Bacteriophage.
Cre Recombinase is a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from the P1 Bacteriophage.
Crossbreed
A crossbreed or crossbred usually refers to an animal with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.
A crossbreed or crossbred usually refers to an animal with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.
Crt (genetics)
CRT is the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of carotenoids.
CRT is the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of carotenoids.
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes.
Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes.
Cytotaxonomy
Cytotaxonomy is the branch of biology dealing with the relationships and classification of organisms using comparative studies of chromosomes.
Cytotaxonomy is the branch of biology dealing with the relationships and classification of organisms using comparative studies of chromosomes.
Daisy chaining DNA
Daisy chaining DNA is the concatenation of genomic libraries that are pooled and PCR amplified before sequencing.
Daisy chaining DNA is the concatenation of genomic libraries that are pooled and PCR amplified before sequencing.
Deletion (genetics)
In genetics, a deletion is a mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.
In genetics, a deletion is a mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.
Deme (biology)
In biology, a deme is a term for a local population of organisms of one species that actively interbreed with one another and share a distinct gene pool.
In biology, a deme is a term for a local population of organisms of one species that actively interbreed with one another and share a distinct gene pool.
Depurination
Depurination is an alteration of DNA in which the purine base (adenine or guanine) is removed from the deoxyribose sugar by hydrolysis of the beta-N-glycosidic link between them.
Depurination is an alteration of DNA in which the purine base (adenine or guanine) is removed from the deoxyribose sugar by hydrolysis of the beta-N-glycosidic link between them.
Dermatoglyphics
Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints.
Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints.
Developmental homeostasis
Developmental Homeostasis is the process in which animals develop more or less normally, despite defective genes and deficient environments.
Developmental Homeostasis is the process in which animals develop more or less normally, despite defective genes and deficient environments.
Diallel cross
A diallel cross is a mating scheme used by plant and animal breeders, as well as geneticists, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of quantitative traits.
A diallel cross is a mating scheme used by plant and animal breeders, as well as geneticists, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of quantitative traits.
Direct repeat
Direct repeats are a type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence.
Direct repeats are a type of genetic sequence that consists of two or more repeats of a specific sequence.
Diversity Arrays Technology
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence markers for genotyping and other genetic analysis.
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence markers for genotyping and other genetic analysis.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms (with the exception of RNA viruses).
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms (with the exception of RNA viruses).
DNA annotation
DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.
DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.
DNA condensation
DNA condensation refers to the process of compacting DNA molecules in vitro or in vivo.
DNA condensation refers to the process of compacting DNA molecules in vitro or in vivo.
DNA helix
DNA Helix This article is about the evidence against a helical structure for DNA in living systems.
DNA Helix This article is about the evidence against a helical structure for DNA in living systems.
Dominance versus overdominance
Dominance versus overdominance is a scientific controversy in the field of genetics that has persisted for more than a century.
Dominance versus overdominance is a scientific controversy in the field of genetics that has persisted for more than a century.
Dosage compensation
Dosage compensation, also known as Ohno's Hypothesis, is a hypothetical genetic regulatory mechanism which operates to equalize the phenotypic expression of characteristics determined by genes ...
Dosage compensation, also known as Ohno's Hypothesis, is a hypothetical genetic regulatory mechanism which operates to equalize the phenotypic expression of characteristics determined by genes ...
Doubled haploidy
A doubled haploid (DH) is a genotype formed when haploid cells undergo chromosome doubling.
A doubled haploid (DH) is a genotype formed when haploid cells undergo chromosome doubling.
Drifty gene hypothesis
The drifty gene hypothesis was presented as part of a presidential debate at the 2007 Obesity Society meeting in New Orleans, with the counter-arguments favoring the thrifty gene hypothesis pres...
The drifty gene hypothesis was presented as part of a presidential debate at the 2007 Obesity Society meeting in New Orleans, with the counter-arguments favoring the thrifty gene hypothesis pres...
Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel
Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel is a suite of D. melanogaster lines derived from an out-crossed population in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel is a suite of D. melanogaster lines derived from an out-crossed population in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dynamical genetics
Dynamical genetics concerns the study and the interpretation of those phenomena in which physiological enzymatic protein complexes alter the DNA, in a more or less sophisticated way.
Dynamical genetics concerns the study and the interpretation of those phenomena in which physiological enzymatic protein complexes alter the DNA, in a more or less sophisticated way.
Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database
The Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database is a scientific project based on a dynamic web interface and a relational database management system.
The Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database is a scientific project based on a dynamic web interface and a relational database management system.
Ecogenetics
Ecogenetics is a branch of genetics that studies genetic traits related to the response to environmental substances.
Ecogenetics is a branch of genetics that studies genetic traits related to the response to environmental substances.
Ecophenotypic variation
Ecophenotypic variation refers to phenotypical variation as a function of life station.
Ecophenotypic variation refers to phenotypical variation as a function of life station.
Ectoderm specification
The first molecule identified to be required for the specification of ectoderm was the ubiquitin ligase Ectodermin (Ecto, TIF1-γ, TRIM33); later, it was found that the deubiquitinating enzyme, ...
The first molecule identified to be required for the specification of ectoderm was the ubiquitin ligase Ectodermin (Ecto, TIF1-γ, TRIM33); later, it was found that the deubiquitinating enzyme, ...
Emergenesis
In psychology, a trait (or phenotype) is called emergenic if it is the result of a specific combination of several interacting genes (rather than of a simple sum of several independent genes).
In psychology, a trait (or phenotype) is called emergenic if it is the result of a specific combination of several interacting genes (rather than of a simple sum of several independent genes).
Emopamil binding protein
EBP is a gene associated with Conradi-Hünermann syndrome.
EBP is a gene associated with Conradi-Hünermann syndrome.
Endophenotype
Endophenotype is a psychiatric concept and a special kind of biomarker.
Endophenotype is a psychiatric concept and a special kind of biomarker.
Endoreduplication
Endoreplication is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of cell division, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy.
Endoreplication is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of cell division, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy.
Enhanceosome
The enhanceosome is a protein complex that binds to the "enhancer" region of a gene, found upstream or downstream, of the promoter, or within a gene.
The enhanceosome is a protein complex that binds to the "enhancer" region of a gene, found upstream or downstream, of the promoter, or within a gene.
Enhancer trap
An enhancer trap is a transgenic construction for the identification of enhancers, produced by the fusing of two proteins, which are inserted into the genome.
An enhancer trap is a transgenic construction for the identification of enhancers, produced by the fusing of two proteins, which are inserted into the genome.
Epigenetics in psychology
Epigenetics in psychology helps to explain how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span.
Epigenetics in psychology helps to explain how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span.
Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure
Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure refers to the structure of sequences for eukaryotic chromosomes.
Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure refers to the structure of sequences for eukaryotic chromosomes.
EVI1
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 is a human protein encoded by the EVI1 gene.
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 is a human protein encoded by the EVI1 gene.
Evolutionary genetics
Evolutionary genetics is the broad field of studies that attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert ...
Evolutionary genetics is the broad field of studies that attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert ...
Exome
The exome is the part of the genome formed by exons, the coding portions of genes that are expressed.
The exome is the part of the genome formed by exons, the coding portions of genes that are expressed.
Exonic splicing enhancer
An exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) is a DNA sequence motif consisting of 6 bases within an exon that directs, or enhances, accurate splicing of hetero-nuclear RNA (hnRNA) or pre-mRNA into messeng...
An exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) is a DNA sequence motif consisting of 6 bases within an exon that directs, or enhances, accurate splicing of hetero-nuclear RNA (hnRNA) or pre-mRNA into messeng...
Exonic splicing silencer
An exonic splicing silencer (ESS) is a small region of an exon that inhibits or silences splicing of the pre-mRNA.
An exonic splicing silencer (ESS) is a small region of an exon that inhibits or silences splicing of the pre-mRNA.
Expression cassette
An expression cassette is made up of one or more genes and the sequences controlling their expression.
An expression cassette is made up of one or more genes and the sequences controlling their expression.
Expression quantitative trait loci
Expression quantitative trait loci are genomic loci that regulate expression levels of mRNAs or proteins.
Expression quantitative trait loci are genomic loci that regulate expression levels of mRNAs or proteins.
Extrachromosomal array
An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics.
An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics.
Extramacrochaetae
The gene extramachrochaetae (emc) is a Drosophila melanogaster gene that codes for the Emc protein, which has a wide variety of developmental roles.
The gene extramachrochaetae (emc) is a Drosophila melanogaster gene that codes for the Emc protein, which has a wide variety of developmental roles.
Falconer's formula
Falconer's formula is used in twin studies to determine the genetic heritability of a trait based on the difference between twin correlations.
Falconer's formula is used in twin studies to determine the genetic heritability of a trait based on the difference between twin correlations.
Fisher's geometric model
Fisher's geometric model is an evolutionary model of the effect sizes and effect on fitness of spontaneous mutations.
Fisher's geometric model is an evolutionary model of the effect sizes and effect on fitness of spontaneous mutations.
Fixed allele
A fixed allele is an allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population.
A fixed allele is an allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population.
Flippase recognition target
In genetics Flippase recognition target is 34 bp - long site sequence.
In genetics Flippase recognition target is 34 bp - long site sequence.
FlyFactorSurvey
FlyFactorSurvey is a database of Drosophila transcription factors primarily determined using the bacterial one-hybrid system.
FlyFactorSurvey is a database of Drosophila transcription factors primarily determined using the bacterial one-hybrid system.
FNAEG
The Fichier National Automatisé des Empreintes Génétiques (Automated National File of Genetic Prints) is the French national DNA database, used by both the national police force and local gendar...
The Fichier National Automatisé des Empreintes Génétiques (Automated National File of Genetic Prints) is the French national DNA database, used by both the national police force and local gendar...
Forward genetics
Forward Genetics is an approach that encompasses several means of identifying the gene or set of genes that are responsible for a particular phenotype within an organism.
Forward Genetics is an approach that encompasses several means of identifying the gene or set of genes that are responsible for a particular phenotype within an organism.
Fosmid
Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid.
Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid.
Founder mutation
In genetics, a founder mutation is a mutation that appears in the DNA of one or more individuals who are founders of a distinct population.
In genetics, a founder mutation is a mutation that appears in the DNA of one or more individuals who are founders of a distinct population.
Functional divergence
Functional divergence is the process by which genes, after gene duplication, shift in function from an ancestral function.
Functional divergence is the process by which genes, after gene duplication, shift in function from an ancestral function.
Functional element SNPs database
The Functional Element SNPs Database (FESD) is a database of SNPs located in the human functional elements.
The Functional Element SNPs Database (FESD) is a database of SNPs located in the human functional elements.
Fungal Genetics and Biology
Fungal Genetics and Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1977 under the title Experimental Mycology.
Fungal Genetics and Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1977 under the title Experimental Mycology.
Fusion gene
A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes.
A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes.
Fusion transcript
Fusion transcript is a chimeric RNA encoded by a fusion gene or by two different genes by subsequent trans-splicing.
Fusion transcript is a chimeric RNA encoded by a fusion gene or by two different genes by subsequent trans-splicing.
GAL4/UAS system
The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly.
The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly.
Gametic phase
In a diploid individual, the gametic phase represents the original allelic combinations that an individual received from its parents.
In a diploid individual, the gametic phase represents the original allelic combinations that an individual received from its parents.
GC-content
In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine.
In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine.
GENCODE
GENCODE is a scientific project in genome research and part of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) scale-up project.
GENCODE is a scientific project in genome research and part of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) scale-up project.
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism.
Gene cassette
A gene cassette is broadly a modular DNA sequence encoding one or more genes for a single biochemical function.
A gene cassette is broadly a modular DNA sequence encoding one or more genes for a single biochemical function.
Gene cluster
A gene cluster is a set of two or more genes that serve to encode for the same or similar products.
A gene cluster is a set of two or more genes that serve to encode for the same or similar products.
Gene conversion
Gene conversion is an event in DNA genetic recombination, which occurs at high frequencies during meiotic division but which also occurs in somatic cells.
Gene conversion is an event in DNA genetic recombination, which occurs at high frequencies during meiotic division but which also occurs in somatic cells.
Gene Diagnostics
Gene Diagnostics is the testing of DNA for mutations that could lead to a number of diseases and or genetic disorders.
Gene Diagnostics is the testing of DNA for mutations that could lead to a number of diseases and or genetic disorders.
Gene dosage
Gene dosage is the number of copies of a gene present in a cell or nucleus.
Gene dosage is the number of copies of a gene present in a cell or nucleus.
Gene expression programming
Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is an evolutionary algorithm that evolves populations of computer programs in order to solve a user-defined problem.
Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is an evolutionary algorithm that evolves populations of computer programs in order to solve a user-defined problem.
Gene knockin
In molecular cloning and biology, a Knock-in refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the insertion of a protein coding cDNA sequence at a particular locus in an organism's chromosome.
In molecular cloning and biology, a Knock-in refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the insertion of a protein coding cDNA sequence at a particular locus in an organism's chromosome.
Gene knockout
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative.
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative.
Gene map
A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene.
A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene.
Gene mapping
Gene mapping, also called genome mapping, is the creation of a genetic map assigning DNA fragments to chromosomes.
Gene mapping, also called genome mapping, is the creation of a genetic map assigning DNA fragments to chromosomes.
Gene mutation analysis
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
Gene orders
Gene orders is the permutation of genome arrangement.
Gene orders is the permutation of genome arrangement.
Gene patent
A gene patent is a patent on a specific isolated gene sequence, its chemical composition, the processes for obtaining or using it, or a combination of such claims.
A gene patent is a patent on a specific isolated gene sequence, its chemical composition, the processes for obtaining or using it, or a combination of such claims.
Gene polymorphism
A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene’s locus within a population.
A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene’s locus within a population.
Gene redundancy
Gene redundancy is the existence of several genes in the genome of an organism that perform the same role to some extent.
Gene redundancy is the existence of several genes in the genome of an organism that perform the same role to some extent.
Gene signature
A gene signature is the group of genes in a type of cell whose combined expression pattern is uniquely characteristic of a medical or other condition.
A gene signature is the group of genes in a type of cell whose combined expression pattern is uniquely characteristic of a medical or other condition.
Gene theft
Gene theft or DNA theft is the act of acquiring the genetic material of another human being, often from a public place, without his or her permission.
Gene theft or DNA theft is the act of acquiring the genetic material of another human being, often from a public place, without his or her permission.
Gene transfer agent
A gene transfer agent or "GTA" is a virus-like element that contains random pieces of the host chromosome and are found in most members of the alphaproteobacteria order Rhodobacterales.
A gene transfer agent or "GTA" is a virus-like element that contains random pieces of the host chromosome and are found in most members of the alphaproteobacteria order Rhodobacterales.
Gene trapping
Gene trapping is a high-throughput approach that is used to introduce insertional mutations across the mammalian genome.
Gene trapping is a high-throughput approach that is used to introduce insertional mutations across the mammalian genome.
Gene-environment correlation
Gene-environment correlation (or genotype-environment correlation) is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions depends on an individual's genotype.
Gene-environment correlation (or genotype-environment correlation) is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions depends on an individual's genotype.
Gene-environment interaction
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or GxE) is the phenotypic effect of interactions between genes and the environment.
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or GxE) is the phenotypic effect of interactions between genes and the environment.
Genetic analysis
Genetic analysis can be used generally to describe methods both used in and resulting from the sciences of genetics and molecular biology, or to applications resulting from this research.
Genetic analysis can be used generally to describe methods both used in and resulting from the sciences of genetics and molecular biology, or to applications resulting from this research.
Genetic anthropology
Genetic anthropology is a new branch of scientific study which deals with combining DNA data with available physical evidence and past histories of civilizations.
Genetic anthropology is a new branch of scientific study which deals with combining DNA data with available physical evidence and past histories of civilizations.
Genetic architecture
Genetic architecture refers to the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait.
Genetic architecture refers to the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait.
Genetic carrier
A genetic carrier (or just carrier), is a person or other organism that has inherited a genetic trait or mutation, but who does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.
A genetic carrier (or just carrier), is a person or other organism that has inherited a genetic trait or mutation, but who does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.
Genetic correlation
Genetic correlation is the proportion of variance that two traits share due to genetic causes.
Genetic correlation is the proportion of variance that two traits share due to genetic causes.
Genetic determinism
Genetic determinism is the belief that genes determine morphological and behavioral traits and do so with little or no influence from environmental factors.
Genetic determinism is the belief that genes determine morphological and behavioral traits and do so with little or no influence from environmental factors.
Genetic discrimination
Genetic discrimination occurs when people are treated differently by their employer or insurance company because they have a gene mutation that causes or increases the risk of an inherited disorder.
Genetic discrimination occurs when people are treated differently by their employer or insurance company because they have a gene mutation that causes or increases the risk of an inherited disorder.
Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially a condition that is present from before birth.
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially a condition that is present from before birth.
Genetic divergence
Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes (mutations) through time, often after the populations have becom...
Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes (mutations) through time, often after the populations have becom...
Genetic epidemiology
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental fa...
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental fa...
Genetic exceptionalism
Genetic exceptionalism is the belief that genetic information is special and must therefore be treated differently from other types of medical information.
Genetic exceptionalism is the belief that genetic information is special and must therefore be treated differently from other types of medical information.
Genetic gain
Genetic gain is the amount of increase in performance that is achieved through artificial genetic improvement programs.
Genetic gain is the amount of increase in performance that is achieved through artificial genetic improvement programs.
Genetic hitchhiking
Genetic hitchhiking is the process by which an allele may increase in frequency by virtue of being linked to a gene that is positively selected.
Genetic hitchhiking is the process by which an allele may increase in frequency by virtue of being linked to a gene that is positively selected.
Genetic marker
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify cells, individuals or species.
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify cells, individuals or species.
Genetic matchmaking
Genetic Matchmaking is the idea of matching couples for romantic relationships based on their biological compatibility.
Genetic Matchmaking is the idea of matching couples for romantic relationships based on their biological compatibility.
Genetic predisposition
A genetic predisposition is a genetic affectation which influences the phenotype of an individual organism within a species or population but by definition that phenotype can also be modified by...
A genetic predisposition is a genetic affectation which influences the phenotype of an individual organism within a species or population but by definition that phenotype can also be modified by...
Genetic program
In biology, a genetic program of a cell is a physiological change brought about by a temporal pattern of activation of a particular subset of genes.
In biology, a genetic program of a cell is a physiological change brought about by a temporal pattern of activation of a particular subset of genes.
Genetic redundancy
Genetic redundancy is a term typically used to describe situations where a given biochemical function is redundantly encoded by two or more genes.
Genetic redundancy is a term typically used to describe situations where a given biochemical function is redundantly encoded by two or more genes.
Genetic research into dyslexia
The genetic research into dyslexia has its roots in the work of Galaburda and Kemper, 1979, and Galaburda et al.
The genetic research into dyslexia has its roots in the work of Galaburda and Kemper, 1979, and Galaburda et al.
Genetic stock center
Genetic stock centers are collections of pure genetic stock available for use in research.
Genetic stock centers are collections of pure genetic stock available for use in research.
Genetic structure
Genetic structure refers to any pattern in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population.
Genetic structure refers to any pattern in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population.
Genetic viability
To be genetically viable, having a realistic chance of avoiding the problems of inbreeding, a population of plants or animals requires a certain amount of genetic diversity, and consequently a c...
To be genetically viable, having a realistic chance of avoiding the problems of inbreeding, a population of plants or animals requires a certain amount of genetic diversity, and consequently a c...
Genetically modified mouse
A genetically modified mouse is a mouse that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques.
A genetically modified mouse is a mouse that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques.
Geneticism
Geneticism is a school of thought that holds that genetics determines all human characteristics, particularly psychological characteristics.
Geneticism is a school of thought that holds that genetics determines all human characteristics, particularly psychological characteristics.
Geneticist
A geneticist is a scientist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.
A geneticist is a scientist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.
Genetics
Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
Genetics, a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
Genetics of cancer
Cancer is a genetic disorder in which the normal control of cell growth is lost.
Cancer is a genetic disorder in which the normal control of cell growth is lost.
Genetics of social behavior
The genetics of social behavior is an area of research that attempts to address the question of the role that genes play in modulating the neural circuits in the brain which influence social beh...
The genetics of social behavior is an area of research that attempts to address the question of the role that genes play in modulating the neural circuits in the brain which influence social beh...
Genevestigator
Genevestigator is a web-based application developed for biologists and medical researchers to rapidly find out in which tissues, at which stages of development, and to what stimuli, drug treatme...
Genevestigator is a web-based application developed for biologists and medical researchers to rapidly find out in which tissues, at which stages of development, and to what stimuli, drug treatme...
Gene–environment interaction
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or GxE) is the phenotypic effect of interactions between genes and the environment.
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or GxE) is the phenotypic effect of interactions between genes and the environment.
GenGIS
GenGIS merges geographic, ecological and phylogenetic biodiversity data in a single interactive visualization and analysis environment.
GenGIS merges geographic, ecological and phylogenetic biodiversity data in a single interactive visualization and analysis environment.
Genome instability
In these cases, it is indicated that the affected organism presents genome instability.
In these cases, it is indicated that the affected organism presents genome instability.
Genome-wide association study
In genetic epidemiology, a genome-wide association study, also known as whole genome association study, is an examination of many common genetic variants in different individuals to see if...
In genetic epidemiology, a genome-wide association study, also known as whole genome association study, is an examination of many common genetic variants in different individuals to see if...
Genomic convergence
Genomic convergence is a multifactor approach used in genetic research that combines different kinds of genetic data analysis to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for a complex disease.
Genomic convergence is a multifactor approach used in genetic research that combines different kinds of genetic data analysis to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for a complex disease.
Genomic library
A genomic library is a population of host bacteria, each of which carries a DNA molecule that was inserted into a cloning vector, such that the collection of cloned DNA molecules represents the ...
A genomic library is a population of host bacteria, each of which carries a DNA molecule that was inserted into a cloning vector, such that the collection of cloned DNA molecules represents the ...
Genopolitics
Genopolitics is the study of the genetic basis of political behavior and attitudes.
Genopolitics is the study of the genetic basis of political behavior and attitudes.
Genosome
A genosome (also known as a lipoplex) is a lipid and DNA complex that is used to deliver genes.
A genosome (also known as a lipoplex) is a lipid and DNA complex that is used to deliver genes.
Genotropism
Genotropism is defined as the reciprocal attraction between carriers of the same or related latent recessive genes.
Genotropism is defined as the reciprocal attraction between carriers of the same or related latent recessive genes.
Genotype
The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific character under consideration.
The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific character under consideration.
Genotyping
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to ano...
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to ano...
GENSCAN
GENSCAN is an program to identify complete gene structures in genomic DNA. It is a GHMM-based program that can be used to predict the location of genes and their exon-intron boundaries in genomi...
GENSCAN is an program to identify complete gene structures in genomic DNA. It is a GHMM-based program that can be used to predict the location of genes and their exon-intron boundaries in genomi...
Germline mosaicism
Germline mosaicism, also known as gonadal mosaicism, is a condition in which an individual's germline cells developed mutations during embryonic growth, while the individual's somatic cell...
Germline mosaicism, also known as gonadal mosaicism, is a condition in which an individual's germline cells developed mutations during embryonic growth, while the individual's somatic cell...
Gruber Prize in Genetics
The Gruber Prize in Genetics is one five, international awards made by The Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, an American non-profit organization based in the U.S. Virgin Islands with offices...
The Gruber Prize in Genetics is one five, international awards made by The Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, an American non-profit organization based in the U.S. Virgin Islands with offices...
GWASdb
GWASdb, a user friendly database that combines collections of GVs from GWAS together with their functional annotations and disease classifications.
GWASdb, a user friendly database that combines collections of GVs from GWAS together with their functional annotations and disease classifications.
Habiba Bouhamed Chaabouni
Habiba Bouhamed Chaabouni is Professor of Medical Genetics at Tunis University.
Habiba Bouhamed Chaabouni is Professor of Medical Genetics at Tunis University.
Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup.
Haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1b5a (Y-DNA)
In human genetics, Haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1b5a (M167), formerly known as R1b1b2a1a2c or R1b1b2a1b3 and previously R1b1c6, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of ha...
In human genetics, Haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1b5a (M167), formerly known as R1b1b2a1a2c or R1b1b2a1b3 and previously R1b1c6, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of ha...
Haplogroup Z
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Haploid-relative-risk
Haploid-relative-risk (HRR) is a family based method for determining gene allele association to a disease.
Haploid-relative-risk (HRR) is a family based method for determining gene allele association to a disease.
Haploinsufficiency
Haploinsufficiency occurs when a diploid organism only has a single functional copy of a gene (with the other copy inactivated by mutation) and the single functional copy of the gene does not pr...
Haploinsufficiency occurs when a diploid organism only has a single functional copy of a gene (with the other copy inactivated by mutation) and the single functional copy of the gene does not pr...
Haplotype convergence
Haplotype Convergence is a term used in the study of DNA.
Haplotype Convergence is a term used in the study of DNA.
Haploview
Haploview is a commonly used bioinformatics software which is designed to analyze and visualize patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in genetic data.
Haploview is a commonly used bioinformatics software which is designed to analyze and visualize patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in genetic data.
Hard inheritance
Hard inheritance is the exact opposite of the term soft inheritance, coined by Ernst Mayr to contrast ideas about inheritance.
Hard inheritance is the exact opposite of the term soft inheritance, coined by Ernst Mayr to contrast ideas about inheritance.
Hayflick limit
The Hayflick limit is the number of times a normal cell population will divide before it stops, presumably because the telomeres shorten to a critical length.
The Hayflick limit is the number of times a normal cell population will divide before it stops, presumably because the telomeres shorten to a critical length.
HCONDELs
hCONDELs refer to regions of deletions within the human genome containing sequences that are highly conserved among closely related relatives.
hCONDELs refer to regions of deletions within the human genome containing sequences that are highly conserved among closely related relatives.
Heritability
The heritability of a population is the proportion of observable differences between individuals that is due to genetic differences.
The heritability of a population is the proportion of observable differences between individuals that is due to genetic differences.
HhMAN1
HhMAN1 is a gene in the genome of Hypothenemus hampei, a.k.a. Coffee borer beetle, which codes for mannanase, an enzyme used to digest galactomannan, a complex polysaccharide that is found i...
HhMAN1 is a gene in the genome of Hypothenemus hampei, a.k.a. Coffee borer beetle, which codes for mannanase, an enzyme used to digest galactomannan, a complex polysaccharide that is found i...
High Resolution Melt
High Resolution Melt analysis is a powerful technique in molecular biology for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double-stranded DNA samples.
High Resolution Melt analysis is a powerful technique in molecular biology for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double-stranded DNA samples.
Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
History of genetics
The history of genetics started with the work of the Augustinian friar Ciaran Harris.
The history of genetics started with the work of the Augustinian friar Ciaran Harris.
History of research on Caenorhabditis elegans
The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first studied in the laboratory by Victor Nigon and Ellsworth Dougherty in the 1940s, but came to prominence after being adopted by Sydney Brenne...
The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first studied in the laboratory by Victor Nigon and Ellsworth Dougherty in the 1940s, but came to prominence after being adopted by Sydney Brenne...
Homeotic gene
Homeotic genes are genes that determine which parts of the body form what body parts.
Homeotic genes are genes that determine which parts of the body form what body parts.
Homeotic selector gene
A homeotic selector gene is any of the zygotic genes expressed sequentially after segmentation genes – those genes which determine pattern formation in the embryo – and whose function is to spec...
A homeotic selector gene is any of the zygotic genes expressed sequentially after segmentation genes – those genes which determine pattern formation in the embryo – and whose function is to spec...
Homogeneously staining region
Homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) are chromosomal segments with various lengths and uniform staining intensity after G banding.
Homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) are chromosomal segments with various lengths and uniform staining intensity after G banding.
HomoloGene
HomoloGene, a tool of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is a system for automated detection of homologs (similarity attributable to descent from a common ancestor) among ...
HomoloGene, a tool of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is a system for automated detection of homologs (similarity attributable to descent from a common ancestor) among ...
Homologous chromosome
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accu...
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accu...
Horizontal gene transfer
Horizontal gene transfer, also lateral gene transfer or transposition refers to the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than vertical gene transfer.
Horizontal gene transfer, also lateral gene transfer or transposition refers to the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than vertical gene transfer.
Housekeeping gene
A housekeeping gene is typically a constitutive gene that is required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism.
A housekeeping gene is typically a constitutive gene that is required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism.
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy (scientific paper)
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards that refers to an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversi...
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards that refers to an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversi...
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying ...
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying ...
HumHot
HUMHOT is a database of human meiotic recombination hot spot DNA sequences.
HUMHOT is a database of human meiotic recombination hot spot DNA sequences.
Hybrid speciation
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation wherein hybridization between two different closely related species leads to a novel species, reproductively isolated from the parent species.
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation wherein hybridization between two different closely related species leads to a novel species, reproductively isolated from the parent species.
Hypersensitive site
A hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNase I and other various nucleases (DNase II and micrococcal nucleases).
A hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNase I and other various nucleases (DNase II and micrococcal nucleases).
Hypervariable region
A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitution...
A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitution...
Identical Strangers
Identical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited is a 2007 memoir written by Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein and published by Random House.
Identical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited is a 2007 memoir written by Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein and published by Random House.
Imaging genetics
Imaging genetics refers to the use of anatomical or physiological imaging technologies as phenotypic assays to evaluate genetic variation.
Imaging genetics refers to the use of anatomical or physiological imaging technologies as phenotypic assays to evaluate genetic variation.
Imitation SWI
The protein ISWI or Imitation SWI of Drosophila melanogaster, is the first ATPase subunit which has been isolated in the ISWI chromatin remodeling family.
The protein ISWI or Imitation SWI of Drosophila melanogaster, is the first ATPase subunit which has been isolated in the ISWI chromatin remodeling family.
Immediate early gene
Immediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli.
Immediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli.
Immunogenetics
Immunogenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.
Immunogenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.
Immunoglobulin allotype
In immunology, an immunoglobulin allotype is the allele of the antibody chains found in the individual.
In immunology, an immunoglobulin allotype is the allele of the antibody chains found in the individual.
Inbred strain
Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbr...
Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbr...
Inchrosil
Inorganic Chromosome based in Silicon (InChroSil) is an electronic device, which has the same organization and structure of organic DNA (double helix), except for the chemical reactions.
Inorganic Chromosome based in Silicon (InChroSil) is an electronic device, which has the same organization and structure of organic DNA (double helix), except for the chemical reactions.
Incidentalome
The incidentalome is the phenomenon of all possible incidental findings.The term was coined as an extension of incidentaloma which refers to the incidental, often radiographic findings of masses...
The incidentalome is the phenomenon of all possible incidental findings.The term was coined as an extension of incidentaloma which refers to the incidental, often radiographic findings of masses...
Inclusive composite interval mapping
In statistical genetics, inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) has been proposed as an approach to QTL (quantitative trait locus) mapping for populations derived from bi-parental crosses.
In statistical genetics, inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) has been proposed as an approach to QTL (quantitative trait locus) mapping for populations derived from bi-parental crosses.
Index of genetics articles
Genetics (from Ancient Greek , “genite” and that from , “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.
Genetics (from Ancient Greek , “genite” and that from , “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism may be transmitted to offspring.
The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism may be transmitted to offspring.
Insertion (genetics)
In genetics, an insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
In genetics, an insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
Insertion sequence
An insertion sequence (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element.
An insertion sequence (also known as an IS, an insertion sequence element, or an IS element) is a short DNA sequence that acts as a simple transposable element.
Insertional mutagenesis
Insertional mutagenesis is mutagenesis of DNA by the insertion of one or more bases.
Insertional mutagenesis is mutagenesis of DNA by the insertion of one or more bases.
Integron
An integron is a two component gene capture and dissemination system, initially discovered in relation to antibiotic resistance, and which is found in plasmids, chromosomes and transposons.
An integron is a two component gene capture and dissemination system, initially discovered in relation to antibiotic resistance, and which is found in plasmids, chromosomes and transposons.
International Thylacine Specimen Database
The International Thylacine Specimen Database (ITSD) is the culmination of a four-year research project to catalogue and digitally photograph all known surviving specimen material of the T...
The International Thylacine Specimen Database (ITSD) is the culmination of a four-year research project to catalogue and digitally photograph all known surviving specimen material of the T...
Introduction to genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, and tries to explain what they are and how they work.
Genetics is the study of genes, and tries to explain what they are and how they work.
Isochore (genetics)
The isochore theory purported that the genome of "warm-blooded" vertebrates are mosaics of long isochoric regions of alternating GC-poor and GC-rich composition, as opposed to the genome of "col...
The isochore theory purported that the genome of "warm-blooded" vertebrates are mosaics of long isochoric regions of alternating GC-poor and GC-rich composition, as opposed to the genome of "col...
Isogenic human disease models
Isogenic human disease models are a family of cells that are selected or engineered to accurately model the genetics of a specific patient population, in vitro ("within glass"; or, commonly, "in...
Isogenic human disease models are a family of cells that are selected or engineered to accurately model the genetics of a specific patient population, in vitro ("within glass"; or, commonly, "in...
Joseph D. Schulman
Joseph D. (Daniel) Schulman is a physician, medical researcher, and biomedical entrepreneur in the fields of genetics diseases and human reproduction.
Joseph D. (Daniel) Schulman is a physician, medical researcher, and biomedical entrepreneur in the fields of genetics diseases and human reproduction.
Ka/Ks ratio
In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio (or ω, dN/dS), is the ratio of the number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka) to the number of synonymous substituti...
In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio (or ω, dN/dS), is the ratio of the number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka) to the number of synonymous substituti...
KC6
KC6 ("Keratoconus gene 6") is a novel gene located on chromosome 18 at p12.3.
KC6 ("Keratoconus gene 6") is a novel gene located on chromosome 18 at p12.3.
Knockout moss
A knockout moss is a moss plant in which one or more specific genes are deleted or inactivated by gene targeting.
A knockout moss is a moss plant in which one or more specific genes are deleted or inactivated by gene targeting.
Kraig Biocraft Laboratories
Kraig Biocraft Laboratories, Inc. is a biotechnology company focused on the commercialization of new textiles and high performance fibers including spider silks.
Kraig Biocraft Laboratories, Inc. is a biotechnology company focused on the commercialization of new textiles and high performance fibers including spider silks.
Krüppel
Krüppel is a gap gene originally described in Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor with four tandemly repeated zinc finger domains.
Krüppel is a gap gene originally described in Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor with four tandemly repeated zinc finger domains.
Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics
The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular type of dog) has been widely studied, and found to depend on many genes.
The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular type of dog) has been widely studied, and found to depend on many genes.
lac operon
The lac operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and some other enteric bacteria.
The lac operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and some other enteric bacteria.
Lewontin's Argument
Lewontin's Argument is an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversity and again in the 1974 book The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Chan...
Lewontin's Argument is an argument first made by Richard Lewontin in his 1972 article The apportionment of human diversity and again in the 1974 book The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Chan...
Lewontin's Fallacy
Lewontin's Fallacy refers to an alleged weakness in Richard Lewontin's 1972 argument that race is an invalid taxonomic construct.
Lewontin's Fallacy refers to an alleged weakness in Richard Lewontin's 1972 argument that race is an invalid taxonomic construct.
Lewontin's fallacy
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A.W.F. Edwards that criticizes Richard Lewontin's 1972 argument that race is an invalid taxonomic construct.
Human genetic diversity: Lewontin's fallacy is a 2003 paper by A.W.F. Edwards that criticizes Richard Lewontin's 1972 argument that race is an invalid taxonomic construct.
Lineage (genetic)
A genetic lineage is a series of mutations which connect an ancestral genetic type (allele, haplotype, or haplogroup) to derivative type.
A genetic lineage is a series of mutations which connect an ancestral genetic type (allele, haplotype, or haplogroup) to derivative type.
Linguistic sequence complexity
Linguistic sequence complexity is a measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of a text.
Linguistic sequence complexity is a measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of a text.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Loop mediated isothermal amplification is a single tube technique for the amplification of DNA. This may be of use in future as a low cost alternative to detect certain diseases.
Loop mediated isothermal amplification is a single tube technique for the amplification of DNA. This may be of use in future as a low cost alternative to detect certain diseases.
Low copy repeats
Low copy repeats (also low-copy repeats or LCRs) are highly homologous sequence elements within the eukaryotic genome arising from segmental duplication.
Low copy repeats (also low-copy repeats or LCRs) are highly homologous sequence elements within the eukaryotic genome arising from segmental duplication.
Lutino Rosy-faced Lovebird mutation
The Lutino Rosy-faced Lovebird is one of the most popular mutations of Rosy-faced Lovebird and it is followed closely by the Dutch Blue lovebird in popularity.
The Lutino Rosy-faced Lovebird is one of the most popular mutations of Rosy-faced Lovebird and it is followed closely by the Dutch Blue lovebird in popularity.
Luxury gene
Luxury genes are those coding for specialized functions synthesized (usually) in large amounts in particular cell types, in opposition with housekeeping genes, which are involved in basic functi...
Luxury genes are those coding for specialized functions synthesized (usually) in large amounts in particular cell types, in opposition with housekeeping genes, which are involved in basic functi...
Margaret Bastock
Margaret Bastock was a zoologist and geneticist.
Margaret Bastock was a zoologist and geneticist.
Marker assisted selection
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection Marker assisted selection is a process whereby a marker is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a tra...
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection Marker assisted selection is a process whereby a marker is used for indirect selection of a genetic determinant or determinants of a tra...
Marker gene
A marker gene is a gene used in molecular biology to determine if a nucleic acid sequence has been successfully inserted into an organism's DNA. There are two types of marker genes: a selecta...
A marker gene is a gene used in molecular biology to determine if a nucleic acid sequence has been successfully inserted into an organism's DNA. There are two types of marker genes: a selecta...
MASS phenotype
MASS phenotype is a medical disorder similar to Marfan syndrome.
MASS phenotype is a medical disorder similar to Marfan syndrome.
Maternal effect
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and phenotype of its mother.
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and phenotype of its mother.
Mating of yeast
The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation.
The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation.
Maudsley Bipolar Twin Study
The Maudsley Bipolar Twin Study is an ongoing twin study of bipolar disorder running at the Institute of Psychiatry, London since 2003.
The Maudsley Bipolar Twin Study is an ongoing twin study of bipolar disorder running at the Institute of Psychiatry, London since 2003.
MECOM
MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 also known as ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MECOM gene.
MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 also known as ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MECOM gene.
MEGAN
MEGAN ("MEtaGenome ANalyzer") is a computer program that allows optimized analysis of large metagenomic datasets.
MEGAN ("MEtaGenome ANalyzer") is a computer program that allows optimized analysis of large metagenomic datasets.
Megan and Morag
Megan and Morag, two domestic sheep, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from differentiated cells.
Megan and Morag, two domestic sheep, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from differentiated cells.
Mendelian error
A Mendelian error in the genetic analysis of a species, describes an allele in an individual which could not have been received from either of its biological parents by Mendelian inheritance.
A Mendelian error in the genetic analysis of a species, describes an allele in an individual which could not have been received from either of its biological parents by Mendelian inheritance.
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance is a scientific theory of how hereditary characteristics are passed from parent organisms to their offspring; it underlies much of genetics.
Mendelian inheritance is a scientific theory of how hereditary characteristics are passed from parent organisms to their offspring; it underlies much of genetics.
Mendelian randomization
In epidemiology, Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in genes of known function to examine the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on disease in non-experimental s...
In epidemiology, Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in genes of known function to examine the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on disease in non-experimental s...
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product.
Messenger RNA is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product.
MICdb
MICdb (Microsatellites database) is a database of non-redundant microsatellites from prokaryotic genomes.
MICdb (Microsatellites database) is a database of non-redundant microsatellites from prokaryotic genomes.
Microbial genetics
Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering.
Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering.
Microcell-Mediated Chromosome Transfer
Microcell Mediated Chromosome Transfer (or MMCT) is a technique used in cell biology and genetics to transfer a chromosome from a defined donor cell line into a recipient cell line.
Microcell Mediated Chromosome Transfer (or MMCT) is a technique used in cell biology and genetics to transfer a chromosome from a defined donor cell line into a recipient cell line.
Microsatellite (genetics)
Microsatellites, also known as Simple Sequence Repeats or short tandem repeats, are repeating sequences of 2-6 base pairs of DNA.
Microsatellites, also known as Simple Sequence Repeats or short tandem repeats, are repeating sequences of 2-6 base pairs of DNA.
Microsatellite instability
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a condition manifested by damaged DNA due to defects in the normal DNA repair process.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a condition manifested by damaged DNA due to defects in the normal DNA repair process.
Midparent
The midparent value is defined as the average of the trait value of father and mother.
The midparent value is defined as the average of the trait value of father and mother.
Minichromosome
A minichromosome is a small chromatin-like structure consisting of centromeres, telomeres and replication origins and little additional genetic material.
A minichromosome is a small chromatin-like structure consisting of centromeres, telomeres and replication origins and little additional genetic material.
Minicircle
Minicircles are small circular plasmid derivatives that have been freed from all prokaryotic vector parts.
Minicircles are small circular plasmid derivatives that have been freed from all prokaryotic vector parts.
Minnesota Twin Family Study
The Minnesota Twin Family Study (or MTFS) is a longitudinal study of twins conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities.
The Minnesota Twin Family Study (or MTFS) is a longitudinal study of twins conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities.
MLL (gene)
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase HRX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MLL (ALL1) gene.
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase HRX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MLL (ALL1) gene.
MN blood group
The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant alleles, LM and LN.
The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant alleles, LM and LN.
MN gene
The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant alleles, LM and LN.
The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant alleles, LM and LN.
Mobile genetic elements
Mobile genetic elements are a type of DNA that can move around within the genome.
Mobile genetic elements are a type of DNA that can move around within the genome.
Mobilome
The mobilome is the total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome.
The mobilome is the total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome.
Modern Evolution of Genetics Timeline
This is a timeline of events concerning the Modern Evolution of Genetics, from Gregor Mendel to present day.
This is a timeline of events concerning the Modern Evolution of Genetics, from Gregor Mendel to present day.
Modifications (genetics)
In opposition to mutations, modifications are included in the band width of the genome of an individual creature.
In opposition to mutations, modifications are included in the band width of the genome of an individual creature.
Molecular anatomy
Molecular anatomy is the investigation of the molecular changes of cells, tissues, and organs in a developing embryo.
Molecular anatomy is the investigation of the molecular changes of cells, tissues, and organs in a developing embryo.
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning refers to a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.
Molecular cloning refers to a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.
Molecular cytogenetics
Molecular cytogenetics involves the combination of molecular biology and cytogenetics.
Molecular cytogenetics involves the combination of molecular biology and cytogenetics.
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Molecular Interaction Maps
Molecular Interaction Maps, also known as MIMs, is a graphic notation to depict cellular and molecular interactions created by Kurt W. Kohn in 1999.
Molecular Interaction Maps, also known as MIMs, is a graphic notation to depict cellular and molecular interactions created by Kurt W. Kohn in 1999.
Morbid map
In genetics, a morbid map is a chart or diagram of diseases and the chromosomal location of genes the diseases are associated with.
In genetics, a morbid map is a chart or diagram of diseases and the chromosomal location of genes the diseases are associated with.
Mosaic (genetics)
In genetics, a mosaic or mosaicism denotes the presence of two populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual who has developed from a single fertilized egg.
In genetics, a mosaic or mosaicism denotes the presence of two populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual who has developed from a single fertilized egg.
Mouse Phenome Database
The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is a web-accessible database of strain characterization data for the laboratory mouse, to facilitate translational research for human health and disease.
The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is a web-accessible database of strain characterization data for the laboratory mouse, to facilitate translational research for human health and disease.
Muller's morphs
1946 Nobel Prize winner Hermann J. Muller (1890-1967) coined the terms amorph, hypomorph, hypermorph, antimorph and neomorph to classify mutations based on their behaviour in various genet...
1946 Nobel Prize winner Hermann J. Muller (1890-1967) coined the terms amorph, hypomorph, hypermorph, antimorph and neomorph to classify mutations based on their behaviour in various genet...
Multiple cloning site
A multiple cloning site (MCS), also called a polylinker, is a short segment of DNA which contains many (up to ~20) restriction sites - a standard feature of engineered plasmids.
A multiple cloning site (MCS), also called a polylinker, is a short segment of DNA which contains many (up to ~20) restriction sites - a standard feature of engineered plasmids.
Mutant Protein
Mutant Protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation.
Mutant Protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation.
Mutation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
National Society of Genetic Counselors
The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), founded and incorporated in 1979, is the largest association of genetic counselors in the world.
The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), founded and incorporated in 1979, is the largest association of genetic counselors in the world.
Negative selection (natural selection)
In natural selection, negative selection or purifying selection is the selective removal of alleles that are deleterious.
In natural selection, negative selection or purifying selection is the selective removal of alleles that are deleterious.
Neofunctionalization
Neofunctionalization, one of the possible outcomes of functional divergence, occurs when one gene copy, or paralog, takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event.
Neofunctionalization, one of the possible outcomes of functional divergence, occurs when one gene copy, or paralog, takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event.
Nested association mapping
Nested association mapping is a technique designed by the labs of Edward Buckler, James Holland, and Michael McMullen for identifying and dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits in...
Nested association mapping is a technique designed by the labs of Edward Buckler, James Holland, and Michael McMullen for identifying and dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits in...
Neurocriminology
Neurocriminology a sub-discipline of Criminology which applies neuroscience techniques to probe the causes and cures of crime.
Neurocriminology a sub-discipline of Criminology which applies neuroscience techniques to probe the causes and cures of crime.
Neurogenetics
Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system.
Neurogenetics studies the role of genetics in the development and function of the nervous system.
Niche adaptation
Niche adaptation refers to the ability of some organisms to adapt to changing environments, or niches.
Niche adaptation refers to the ability of some organisms to adapt to changing environments, or niches.
Nick translation
Nick translation was developed in 1977 by Rigby and Paul Berg.
Nick translation was developed in 1977 by Rigby and Paul Berg.
Nif gene
The nif gene is the gene responsible for the coding of proteins related and associated with the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to plants.
The nif gene is the gene responsible for the coding of proteins related and associated with the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to plants.
NlaIII
NlaIII is an endonuclease that cleaves double stranded DNA molecules into fragments, leaving leave 3' overhangs of four nucleotides at the ends of each fragment.
NlaIII is an endonuclease that cleaves double stranded DNA molecules into fragments, leaving leave 3' overhangs of four nucleotides at the ends of each fragment.
Non allelic homologous recombination
Non allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) is a form of homologous recombination that occurs between two lengths of DNA that have high sequence homology, but are not alleles.
Non allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) is a form of homologous recombination that occurs between two lengths of DNA that have high sequence homology, but are not alleles.
Non-helical DNA structure
This article describes the settings in which a non-helical structure for DNA is necessary to explain the published data.
This article describes the settings in which a non-helical structure for DNA is necessary to explain the published data.
Non-helical models of nucleic acid structure
This article describes the settings in which a non-helical structure for DNA is necessary to explain the published data.
This article describes the settings in which a non-helical structure for DNA is necessary to explain the published data.
Non-histone protein
In chromatin, those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non-histone proteins.
In chromatin, those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non-histone proteins.
Non-Mendelian inheritance
Non-Mendelian inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws.
Non-Mendelian inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws.
Noncoding DNA
In genetics, noncoding DNA describes components of an organism's DNA sequences that do not encode for protein sequences.
In genetics, noncoding DNA describes components of an organism's DNA sequences that do not encode for protein sequences.
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis stage 1 or stage 2, specifically in the anaphase.
Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis stage 1 or stage 2, specifically in the anaphase.
Nuclear gene
Nuclear gene is a gene located in the cell nucleus of an eukaryote.
Nuclear gene is a gene located in the cell nucleus of an eukaryote.
Nuclear matrix
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton.
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton.
Nuclear transfer
Nuclear Transfer is a form of cloning.
Nuclear Transfer is a form of cloning.
Nuclease protection assay
Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells.
Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells.
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biological molecules essential for known forms of life on this planet; they include DNA and RNA.
Nucleic acids are biological molecules essential for known forms of life on this planet; they include DNA and RNA.
Nucleosome positioning region database
Nucleosome Positioning Region Database (NPRD),is a database of nucleosome formation sites (NFSs).
Nucleosome Positioning Region Database (NPRD),is a database of nucleosome formation sites (NFSs).
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined, make up the individual structural units of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling, and are incorpo...
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined, make up the individual structural units of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling, and are incorpo...
Nucleotide salvage
A salvage pathway is a pathway in which nucleotides are synthesized from intermediates in the degradative pathway for nucleotides.
A salvage pathway is a pathway in which nucleotides are synthesized from intermediates in the degradative pathway for nucleotides.
Nutrigenomics
Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression.
Nutrigenomics is the study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression.
Obligate carrier
An obligate carrier is an individual who may be clinically unaffected but who must carry a gene mutation based on analysis of the family history; usually applies to disorders inherited in an aut...
An obligate carrier is an individual who may be clinically unaffected but who must carry a gene mutation based on analysis of the family history; usually applies to disorders inherited in an aut...
Ohno's law
Ohno's law was proposed by a Japanese biologist Susumu Ohno, saying that the gene content of the mammalian species has been conserved over species not only in the DNA content but also in the gen...
Ohno's law was proposed by a Japanese biologist Susumu Ohno, saying that the gene content of the mammalian species has been conserved over species not only in the DNA content but also in the gen...
Ontario Genomics Institute
The Ontario Genomics Institute (OGI) is a not-for-profit organization that manages cutting-edge genomics research projects and platforms.
The Ontario Genomics Institute (OGI) is a not-for-profit organization that manages cutting-edge genomics research projects and platforms.
Orphon
An orphon is a nonfunctional gene located outside the main chromosomal locus.
An orphon is a nonfunctional gene located outside the main chromosomal locus.
Outbreeding depression
A concept in selective breeding and zoology, outbreeding depression refers to cases when offspring from crosses between individuals from different populations have lower fitness than progeny fro...
A concept in selective breeding and zoology, outbreeding depression refers to cases when offspring from crosses between individuals from different populations have lower fitness than progeny fro...
Outcrossing
Outcrossing is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line.
Outcrossing is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line.
Outline of genetics
Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
Overdominance
Overdominance is a condition in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside of the phenotypical range of both homozygote parents.
Overdominance is a condition in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside of the phenotypical range of both homozygote parents.
P element
A P element is a transposon that is present specifically in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and is used widely for mutagenesis and the creation of genetically modified flies used for g...
A P element is a transposon that is present specifically in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and is used widely for mutagenesis and the creation of genetically modified flies used for g...
Pangenesis
Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity.
Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity.
Paramutation
Paramutation was first discovered and studied in maize by R.A. Brink at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1950s.
Paramutation was first discovered and studied in maize by R.A. Brink at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1950s.
Particulate inheritance
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian theorists showing that characteristics can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles".
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian theorists showing that characteristics can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles".
Pathogenicity island
Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are a distinct class of genomic islands acquired by microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer.
Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are a distinct class of genomic islands acquired by microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer.
pBluescript
In genetics, pBluescript or pBluescript II is a commercially available phagemid containing several useful sequences for use in cloning with bacteriophage.
In genetics, pBluescript or pBluescript II is a commercially available phagemid containing several useful sequences for use in cloning with bacteriophage.
Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variation of a gene (allele or genotype) that also express an associated trait (phenotype).
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variation of a gene (allele or genotype) that also express an associated trait (phenotype).
Personality genetics
Personality genetics is a scientific field that examines the relation between personality and genetics.
Personality genetics is a scientific field that examines the relation between personality and genetics.
Personalized medicine
Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with all decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient by use of genetic or other infor...
Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with all decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient by use of genetic or other infor...
petite mutation
petite (p-) is a mutant first discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
petite (p-) is a mutant first discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
pGLO
The pGLO plasmid is an engineered plasmid used in biotechnology as a vector for creating genetically modified organisms.
The pGLO plasmid is an engineered plasmid used in biotechnology as a vector for creating genetically modified organisms.
Phenocopy
A phenocopy is an individual whose phenotype (generally referring to a single trait), under a particular environmental condition, is identical to the one of another individual whose phenotype is...
A phenocopy is an individual whose phenotype (generally referring to a single trait), under a particular environmental condition, is identical to the one of another individual whose phenotype is...
Phenogenetics
A phenotype is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such a...
A phenotype is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such a...
Phenotypic plasticity
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment.
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment.
Phenylthiocarbamide
Phenylthiocarbamide, also known as PTC, or phenylthiourea, is an organosulfur thiourea containing a phenyl ring.
Phenylthiocarbamide, also known as PTC, or phenylthiourea, is an organosulfur thiourea containing a phenyl ring.
Phred base calling
Phred base-calling is a computer program for identifying a base (nucleobase) sequence from a fluorescence "trace" data generated by an automated DNA sequencer that uses electrophoresis and 4-flu...
Phred base-calling is a computer program for identifying a base (nucleobase) sequence from a fluorescence "trace" data generated by an automated DNA sequencer that uses electrophoresis and 4-flu...
Phred quality score
Phred quality scores were originally developed by the program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project.
Phred quality scores were originally developed by the program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project.
Phylogenetic network
A phylogenetic network is any graph used to visualize evolutionary relationships between nucleotide sequences, genes, chromosomes, genomes, or species.
A phylogenetic network is any graph used to visualize evolutionary relationships between nucleotide sequences, genes, chromosomes, genomes, or species.
Phylogenomics
Phylogenomics can be regarded as the intersection between the fields of evolution and genomics.
Phylogenomics can be regarded as the intersection between the fields of evolution and genomics.
Phylostratum
Phylostratum is a set of genes from an organism that coalesce to founder genes having common phylogenetic origin.
Phylostratum is a set of genes from an organism that coalesce to founder genes having common phylogenetic origin.
Plant DNA C-values Database
The Plant DNA C-values Database is a comprehensive catalogue of C-value data for land plants and algae.
The Plant DNA C-values Database is a comprehensive catalogue of C-value data for land plants and algae.
Plant geneticist
A plant geneticist is a scientist involved with the study of genetics in botany.
A plant geneticist is a scientist involved with the study of genetics in botany.
Plant transformation vector
Plant transformation vectors are plasmids that have been specifically designed to facilitate the generation of transgenic plants.
Plant transformation vectors are plasmids that have been specifically designed to facilitate the generation of transgenic plants.
Plasticity product
Plasticity Product is a term coined by Jerry Rudy to refer to mRNA genetic artifacts and protein products triggered by transcription factors leading to long-lasting long term potentiation.
Plasticity Product is a term coined by Jerry Rudy to refer to mRNA genetic artifacts and protein products triggered by transcription factors leading to long-lasting long term potentiation.
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.
Point accepted mutation
Point accepted mutation or percent accepted mutation, is a set of matrices used to score sequence alignments.
Point accepted mutation or percent accepted mutation, is a set of matrices used to score sequence alignments.
Polar mutation
A polar mutation affects expression of downstream genes or operons.
A polar mutation affects expression of downstream genes or operons.
Polar overdominance
Polar overdominance is a unique form of inheritance whereby a mutant Callipyge allele must be inherited from the father to cause muscle hypertrophy.
Polar overdominance is a unique form of inheritance whereby a mutant Callipyge allele must be inherited from the father to cause muscle hypertrophy.
Polly and Molly
Polly and Molly (Born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time.
Polly and Molly (Born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time.
Polony sequencing
Unlike other sequencing technique, Polony sequencing technology is an open platform with freely downloadable, open source software and protocols.
Unlike other sequencing technique, Polony sequencing technology is an open platform with freely downloadable, open source software and protocols.
Polybrene
Polybrene (hexadimethrine bromide) is a cationic polymer used to increase the efficiency of infection of certain cells with a retrovirus in cell culture.
Polybrene (hexadimethrine bromide) is a cationic polymer used to increase the efficiency of infection of certain cells with a retrovirus in cell culture.
Polygene
A polygene, multiple factor, multiple gene inheritance, or quantitative gene is a group of non-allelic genes that together influence a phenotypic trait.
A polygene, multiple factor, multiple gene inheritance, or quantitative gene is a group of non-allelic genes that together influence a phenotypic trait.
Polymerase stuttering
Polymerase stuttering is the process by which a polymerase transcribes a nucleotide several times without progressing further on the mRNA chain.
Polymerase stuttering is the process by which a polymerase transcribes a nucleotide several times without progressing further on the mRNA chain.
Polynucleotide
A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain.
A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain.
Polyploid complex
A polyploid complex is a group of interrelated and interbreeding plants that also have differing levels of ploidy that can allow genetic exchanges between unrelated species.
A polyploid complex is a group of interrelated and interbreeding plants that also have differing levels of ploidy that can allow genetic exchanges between unrelated species.
Polytene chromosome
To increase cell volume, some specialized cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division (endomitosis), forming a giant polytene chromosome.
To increase cell volume, some specialized cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division (endomitosis), forming a giant polytene chromosome.
Population genetics
Population genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.
Population genetics is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four main evolutionary processes: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene flow.
Position effect
Position effect is the effect on the expression of a gene when its location in a chromosome is changed, often by translocation.
Position effect is the effect on the expression of a gene when its location in a chromosome is changed, often by translocation.
Position-effect variegation
Position-effect variegation is a variegation caused by the inactivation of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin.
Position-effect variegation is a variegation caused by the inactivation of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin.
Positional Sequencing
Positional Sequencing is a method of sequencing DNA that simultaneously generates information about both identity and location of nucleotide sequences.
Positional Sequencing is a method of sequencing DNA that simultaneously generates information about both identity and location of nucleotide sequences.
Primosome
In molecular biology, a primosome is a protein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single stranded DNA during DNA replication.
In molecular biology, a primosome is a protein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single stranded DNA during DNA replication.
Pronucleus
A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization, after the sperm enters the ovum, but before they fuse.
A pronucleus (plural: pronuclei) is the nucleus of a sperm or an egg cell during the process of fertilization, after the sperm enters the ovum, but before they fuse.
Proofreading (biology)
The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, e...
The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, e...
Proteomic Code
The Proteomic Code is a set of rules by which information in genetic material is transferred into the physicochemical properties of amino acids and determines how individual amino acids interact...
The Proteomic Code is a set of rules by which information in genetic material is transferred into the physicochemical properties of amino acids and determines how individual amino acids interact...
Pseudogene
Pseudogenes are dysfunctional relatives of known genes that have lost their protein-coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell.
Pseudogenes are dysfunctional relatives of known genes that have lost their protein-coding ability or are otherwise no longer expressed in the cell.
Pseudogene (database)
Pseudogene is a database of pseudogenes annotations compiled from various sources.
Pseudogene is a database of pseudogenes annotations compiled from various sources.
Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
Pseudolinkage
In genetics, pseudolinkage is a characteristic of a heterozygote for a reciprocal translocation, in which genes located near the translocation breakpoint behave as if they are linked even though...
In genetics, pseudolinkage is a characteristic of a heterozygote for a reciprocal translocation, in which genes located near the translocation breakpoint behave as if they are linked even though...
Psychiatric genetics
Psychiatric genetics, a subfield of behavioral neurogenetics, studies the role of genetics in psychological conditions such as alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism.
Psychiatric genetics, a subfield of behavioral neurogenetics, studies the role of genetics in psychological conditions such as alcoholism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism.
Psychogenetics
The term psychogenetics was introduced by Calvin S. Hall in his seminal book chapter on behavior genetics (1951).
The term psychogenetics was introduced by Calvin S. Hall in his seminal book chapter on behavior genetics (1951).
Public Population Project in Genomics
P3G (Public Population Project in Genomics) is a not-for-profit international consortium dedicated to facilitating collaboration between researchers and biobanks working in the area ...
P3G (Public Population Project in Genomics) is a not-for-profit international consortium dedicated to facilitating collaboration between researchers and biobanks working in the area ...
Quantitative genetics
Quantitative genetics is the study of continuously measured traits and their mechanisms.
Quantitative genetics is the study of continuously measured traits and their mechanisms.
Quantitative human behavioural genetics
Quantitative human behavioural genetics is a specialisation in the biological field of behaviour genetics that studies the role of genetics in human behaviour employing quantitative-genetic methods.
Quantitative human behavioural genetics is a specialisation in the biological field of behaviour genetics that studies the role of genetics in human behaviour employing quantitative-genetic methods.
Quantitative trait locus
Quantitative traits refer to phenotypes that vary in degree and can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., product of two or more genes, and their environment.
Quantitative traits refer to phenotypes that vary in degree and can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., product of two or more genes, and their environment.
Radiation reduced hybrid
Radiation reduced hybrid is procedure in discovering the location of genetic markers relative to one another.
Radiation reduced hybrid is procedure in discovering the location of genetic markers relative to one another.
Random chimeragenesis on transient templates
Random chimeragenesis on transient templates (RACHITT) is a method to perform molecular mutagenesis at a high recombination rate.
Random chimeragenesis on transient templates (RACHITT) is a method to perform molecular mutagenesis at a high recombination rate.
Reading frame
In biology, a reading frame is a way of breaking a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA into three letter codons which can be translated in amino acids.
In biology, a reading frame is a way of breaking a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA into three letter codons which can be translated in amino acids.
Reassortment
Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals.
Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals.
RecF pathway
The RecF pathway, also called the RecFOR pathway, is a pathway of homologous recombination that repairs DNA in bacteria.
The RecF pathway, also called the RecFOR pathway, is a pathway of homologous recombination that repairs DNA in bacteria.
RecLOH
RecLOH is a term in genetics that is an abbreviation for "Recombinational Loss of Heterozygosity".
RecLOH is a term in genetics that is an abbreviation for "Recombinational Loss of Heterozygosity".
Recode (database)
RECODE is a database of 'programmed' frameshifts, bypassing and codon redefinition utilized for gene expression.
RECODE is a database of 'programmed' frameshifts, bypassing and codon redefinition utilized for gene expression.
Recognition sequence
The recognition sequence, sometimes also referred to as recognition site, of any DNA-binding protein motif that exhibits binding specificity, refers to the DNA sequence (or subset thereof)...
The recognition sequence, sometimes also referred to as recognition site, of any DNA-binding protein motif that exhibits binding specificity, refers to the DNA sequence (or subset thereof)...
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
The procedure permits the systematic, repeated modification of higher eukaryotic genomes by targeted integration.
The procedure permits the systematic, repeated modification of higher eukaryotic genomes by targeted integration.
Red-suffusion Rosy-faced Lovebird mutation
The Red-suffusion Rose-faced Lovebird, also known as the Red-pied Lovebird, is not a true colour mutation of lovebird species.
The Red-suffusion Rose-faced Lovebird, also known as the Red-pied Lovebird, is not a true colour mutation of lovebird species.
Replication protein A
Replication protein A (RPA) is a protein that binds single-stranded DNA in eukaryotic cells.
Replication protein A (RPA) is a protein that binds single-stranded DNA in eukaryotic cells.
Replisome
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands.
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands.
Reporter gene
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in cell culture, animals or plants.
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in cell culture, animals or plants.
Reproductive isolation
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation or hybridization barriers are a collection of mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes that prevent the members of two different species t...
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation or hybridization barriers are a collection of mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes that prevent the members of two different species t...
Restriction map
A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes.
A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes.
Reverse transcriptase
In the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA in...
In the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry, a reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA in...
Ribotyping
Ribotyping involves the fingerprinting of genomic DNA restriction fragments that contain all or part of the genes coding for the 16S and 23S rRNA. Conceptually, ribotyping is similar to probing ...
Ribotyping involves the fingerprinting of genomic DNA restriction fragments that contain all or part of the genes coding for the 16S and 23S rRNA. Conceptually, ribotyping is similar to probing ...
RNA triphosphatase
RNA triphosphatase is an enzyme used to cleave the γ-phosphate out from the 5' end NTP of a newly synthesized mRNA, so that 5' capping can be performed.
RNA triphosphatase is an enzyme used to cleave the γ-phosphate out from the 5' end NTP of a newly synthesized mRNA, so that 5' capping can be performed.
RNA-Directed DNA Methylation
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is an epigenetic process first elucidated in plants whereby small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA's) are processed to guide methylation to complementary DNA loci.
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is an epigenetic process first elucidated in plants whereby small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA's) are processed to guide methylation to complementary DNA loci.
Robustness (evolution)
Robustness of a biological system is the persistence of a system’s characteristic behavior under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty.
Robustness of a biological system is the persistence of a system’s characteristic behavior under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty.
Rs1805054
In genetics, Rs1805054, also called C267T, is a name used for a specific genetic variation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in the HTR6 gene.
In genetics, Rs1805054, also called C267T, is a name used for a specific genetic variation, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in the HTR6 gene.
S/MAR
The term ´S/MAR´ (scaffold/matrix attachment region), otherwise called ´SAR´ (scaffold-attachment region) or ´MAR´ (matrix-associated element) designates architectural components tha...
The term ´S/MAR´ (scaffold/matrix attachment region), otherwise called ´SAR´ (scaffold-attachment region) or ´MAR´ (matrix-associated element) designates architectural components tha...
SaPI
SaPIs are a family of mobile genetic elements resident in the genome of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
SaPIs are a family of mobile genetic elements resident in the genome of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Satellite chromosome
The part of chromosome beyond the nuclear organiser is very short and appears like sphere.The Satellite Chromosome is the chromosome which has a bulge on the telomeric end and SAT stands for S...
The part of chromosome beyond the nuclear organiser is very short and appears like sphere.The Satellite Chromosome is the chromosome which has a bulge on the telomeric end and SAT stands for S...
Savior sibling
A savior sibling (or saviour sibling) is a child who is born to provide an organ or cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer or Fanconi anemia, th...
A savior sibling (or saviour sibling) is a child who is born to provide an organ or cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer or Fanconi anemia, th...
SCCmec
SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species.
SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species.
Scleraxis
The scleraxis protein is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix superfamily of transcription factors.
The scleraxis protein is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix superfamily of transcription factors.
Scripps Genomic Health Initiative
The Scripps Genomic Health Initiative (SGHI) is a ground-breaking study aimed at understanding how personal genetic testing influences and improves health.
The Scripps Genomic Health Initiative (SGHI) is a ground-breaking study aimed at understanding how personal genetic testing influences and improves health.
Seed orchard
A seed orchard is an intensively-managed plantation of specifically arranged trees for the mass production of genetically improved seeds to create plants, or seeds for the establishment of new f...
A seed orchard is an intensively-managed plantation of specifically arranged trees for the mass production of genetically improved seeds to create plants, or seeds for the establishment of new f...
Sense (molecular biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, sense is a concept used to compare the polarity of nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to other nucleic acid molecules.
In molecular biology and genetics, sense is a concept used to compare the polarity of nucleic acid molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to other nucleic acid molecules.
SequenceVariantAnalyzer
SequenceVariantAnalyzer (SVA) is a computer program for annotating and analyzing genetic variants called (identified) from a whole genome or exome sequencing study (Shotgun sequencing).
SequenceVariantAnalyzer (SVA) is a computer program for annotating and analyzing genetic variants called (identified) from a whole genome or exome sequencing study (Shotgun sequencing).
Sherman paradox
The Sherman Paradox refers to an anomalous pattern of inheritance found in Fragile X syndrome.
The Sherman Paradox refers to an anomalous pattern of inheritance found in Fragile X syndrome.
Signature tagged mutagenesis
Often abbreviated to STM, Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis is a genetic technique used to study gene function.
Often abbreviated to STM, Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis is a genetic technique used to study gene function.
Simple sequence length polymorphism
Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs) are used as genetic markers with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs) are used as genetic markers with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Single molecule fluorescent sequencing
Single molecule fluorescent sequencing is one of massively parallel DNA sequencing, which has revolutionized many fields of biology by allowing the generation of sequence information on an unpre...
Single molecule fluorescent sequencing is one of massively parallel DNA sequencing, which has revolutionized many fields of biology by allowing the generation of sequence information on an unpre...
Single-base extension
Single-base extension (SBE) is a method for determining the identity of a nucleotide base at a specific position along a nucleic acid.
Single-base extension (SBE) is a method for determining the identity of a nucleotide base at a specific position along a nucleic acid.
Singleton Merten syndrome
Singleton Merten Syndrome is an autosomal dominate genetic disorder with variable expression with an onset of symptoms during childhood.
Singleton Merten Syndrome is an autosomal dominate genetic disorder with variable expression with an onset of symptoms during childhood.
Site-specific recombination
Site-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing...
Site-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing...
Snagger
Snagger is a bioinformatics software program for selecting tag SNPs using pairwise r2 linkage disequilibrium.
Snagger is a bioinformatics software program for selecting tag SNPs using pairwise r2 linkage disequilibrium.
SNP genotyping
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species.
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species.
SNPlex
SNPlex is a platform for SNP genotyping sold by Applied Biosystems.
SNPlex is a platform for SNP genotyping sold by Applied Biosystems.
Snpstr
A SNPSTR is a compound genetic marker composed of one or more SNPs and one microsatellite (STR).
A SNPSTR is a compound genetic marker composed of one or more SNPs and one microsatellite (STR).
Soft inheritance
Expert-verify}} Soft inheritance is the term for a largely discredited set of theories.
Expert-verify}} Soft inheritance is the term for a largely discredited set of theories.
Somatic cell
A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
A somatic cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo, using an ovum with a donor nucleus (see process below).
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo, using an ovum with a donor nucleus (see process below).
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory technique for creating a clone embryo with a donor nucleus (see process below).
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory technique for creating a clone embryo with a donor nucleus (see process below).
Spacer DNA
Spacer DNA are regions of non-transcribed DNA between tandemly repeated genes, such as ribosomal RNA genes in eukaryotes.
Spacer DNA are regions of non-transcribed DNA between tandemly repeated genes, such as ribosomal RNA genes in eukaryotes.
SplitsTree
SplitsTree is a popular program for inferring phylogenetic trees or, more generally, phylogenetic networks from various types of data such as a sequence alignment, a distance matrix or a set of ...
SplitsTree is a popular program for inferring phylogenetic trees or, more generally, phylogenetic networks from various types of data such as a sequence alignment, a distance matrix or a set of ...
Staggered Extension Process
Staggered Extension Process is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one ore more initial genes.
Staggered Extension Process is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one ore more initial genes.
Staggered extension process
The staggered extension process is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one or more initial genes.
The staggered extension process is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one or more initial genes.
Structural Biochemistry/ Kiss Gene Expression
Kisspeptins are a group of proteins that come from precursors that are approximately 145 amino acids in length that get reduced to 54 and then finally about 10, 13, or 14 amino acid carboxyl ter...
Kisspeptins are a group of proteins that come from precursors that are approximately 145 amino acids in length that get reduced to 54 and then finally about 10, 13, or 14 amino acid carboxyl ter...
Structural variation
Structural variation (also genomic structural variation) consists of many kinds of variation in the genome of one species, and usually includes microscopic and submicroscopic types, such as dele...
Structural variation (also genomic structural variation) consists of many kinds of variation in the genome of one species, and usually includes microscopic and submicroscopic types, such as dele...
Subclade
In genetics, subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup.
In genetics, subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup.
Subcloning
In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular gene of interest from a parent vector to a destination vector in order to further study its functionality.
In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular gene of interest from a parent vector to a destination vector in order to further study its functionality.
Suicide gene
A suicide gene, in genetics, will cause a cell to kill itself through apoptosis.
A suicide gene, in genetics, will cause a cell to kill itself through apoptosis.
Sulcus Lunatus
The Sulcus Lunatus is an inconsistent and small semilunar groove on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
The Sulcus Lunatus is an inconsistent and small semilunar groove on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Sulcus lunatus
The Sulcus Lunatus is an inconsistent and small semilunar groove on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
The Sulcus Lunatus is an inconsistent and small semilunar groove on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Swamping argument
Swamping argument is an objection against Darwinism made by Fleeming Jenkin.
Swamping argument is an objection against Darwinism made by Fleeming Jenkin.
Synaptic tagging
Synaptic tagging, or the synaptic tagging hypothesis, was first proposed in 1997 by Frey and Morris; it seeks to explain how neural signaling at a particular synapse creates a target for subsequ...
Synaptic tagging, or the synaptic tagging hypothesis, was first proposed in 1997 by Frey and Morris; it seeks to explain how neural signaling at a particular synapse creates a target for subsequ...
Syntelic
Syntelic attachment occurs when both sister chromosomes are attached to a single spindle pole.
Syntelic attachment occurs when both sister chromosomes are attached to a single spindle pole.
Syntelog
Syntelog: a special case of gene homology where sets of genes are derived from the same ancestral genomic region.
Syntelog: a special case of gene homology where sets of genes are derived from the same ancestral genomic region.
Synthetic genetic array
Synthetic Genetic Array analysis (SGA) is a high-throughput technique for exploring synthetic lethal and synthetic sick genetic interactions (SSL).
Synthetic Genetic Array analysis (SGA) is a high-throughput technique for exploring synthetic lethal and synthetic sick genetic interactions (SSL).
Synthetic genomics
Synthetic genomics is a nascent field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms with the intent of producing some product or desired behavior on t...
Synthetic genomics is a nascent field of synthetic biology that uses aspects of genetic modification on pre-existing life forms with the intent of producing some product or desired behavior on t...
Synthetic lethality
Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of mutations in two or more genes leads to cell death, whereas a mutation in only one of these genes does not, and by itself is said to be viable In...
Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of mutations in two or more genes leads to cell death, whereas a mutation in only one of these genes does not, and by itself is said to be viable In...
Synthetic rescue
Synthetic rescue (or synthetic recovery) refers to a genetic interaction in which a cell that is nonviable due to a defective gene becomes viable when this defect is combined with the knockout o...
Synthetic rescue (or synthetic recovery) refers to a genetic interaction in which a cell that is nonviable due to a defective gene becomes viable when this defect is combined with the knockout o...
Systems Biology Ontology
The Systems Biology Ontology (SBO) is a set of controlled, relational vocabularies of terms commonly used in Systems Biology, and in particular in computational modeling.
The Systems Biology Ontology (SBO) is a set of controlled, relational vocabularies of terms commonly used in Systems Biology, and in particular in computational modeling.
T-DNA Binary system
A T-DNA binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a binary plasmid and a helper plasmid.
A T-DNA binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a binary plasmid and a helper plasmid.
TA cloning
TA cloning is a subcloning technique that doesn't use restriction enzymes and is easier and quicker than traditional subcloning.
TA cloning is a subcloning technique that doesn't use restriction enzymes and is easier and quicker than traditional subcloning.
Tafazzin
Tafazzin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAZ gene.
Tafazzin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAZ gene.
Tandem chimerism
Tandem chimerism is the phenomenon where two consecutive genes are transcribed into a single RNA molecule.
Tandem chimerism is the phenomenon where two consecutive genes are transcribed into a single RNA molecule.
Tandem repeat locus
Variable number of tandem repeat locus (VNTR locus) is any DNA sequence that exist in multiple copies strung together in a variety of tandem lengths.
Variable number of tandem repeat locus (VNTR locus) is any DNA sequence that exist in multiple copies strung together in a variety of tandem lengths.
Tandemly arrayed genes
Tandemly arrayed genes are a gene cluster created by tandem duplications.
Tandemly arrayed genes are a gene cluster created by tandem duplications.
TcoF-DB
The Dragon Database for Human Transcription Co-Factors and Transcription Factor Interacting Proteins is a database that facilitates the exploration of proteins involved in the regulation of tran...
The Dragon Database for Human Transcription Co-Factors and Transcription Factor Interacting Proteins is a database that facilitates the exploration of proteins involved in the regulation of tran...
Tetrad (genetics)
The tetrad is the four spores of a yeast or Chlamydomonas, that separate after mating.
The tetrad is the four spores of a yeast or Chlamydomonas, that separate after mating.
Therapygenetics
Therapygenetics refers to a branch of psychiatric genetic research looking at the relationship between specific genetic variants and differences in the level of success of psychological therapy.
Therapygenetics refers to a branch of psychiatric genetic research looking at the relationship between specific genetic variants and differences in the level of success of psychological therapy.
Three-parent baby
Three-parent babies are potential human offspring that will have three genetic parents.
Three-parent babies are potential human offspring that will have three genetic parents.
Three-point cross
In genetics, a three-point cross is used to determine the loci of three genes in an organism's genome.
In genetics, a three-point cross is used to determine the loci of three genes in an organism's genome.
TOPO Cloning
TOPO Cloning is a molecular biology technique in which DNA fragments amplified by either Taq or Pfu polymerases are cloned into specific vectors without the requirement for DNA ligases.
TOPO Cloning is a molecular biology technique in which DNA fragments amplified by either Taq or Pfu polymerases are cloned into specific vectors without the requirement for DNA ligases.
Trans-acting
In the field of molecular biology, trans-acting (trans-regulatory, trans-regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" (i.e.
In the field of molecular biology, trans-acting (trans-regulatory, trans-regulation), in general, means "acting from a different molecule" (i.e.
Transcription bubble
A transcription bubble is a molecular structure that occurs during the transcription or replication of DNA when DNA helicase and DNA topoisomerase "unzip" the DNA double strand.
A transcription bubble is a molecular structure that occurs during the transcription or replication of DNA when DNA helicase and DNA topoisomerase "unzip" the DNA double strand.
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA. Transcription f...
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA. Transcription f...
Transcriptional bursting
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes from bacteria to humans.
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes from bacteria to humans.
Transformation efficiency
Transformation efficiency is the efficiency by which cells can take up extracellular DNA and express genes encoded by it.
Transformation efficiency is the efficiency by which cells can take up extracellular DNA and express genes encoded by it.
Transgene
A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.
A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.
Transgressive segregation
In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the p...
In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the p...
Transheterozygote
The term transheterozygote is used in modern genetics periodicals in two different ways.
The term transheterozygote is used in modern genetics periodicals in two different ways.
Translational frameshift
Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternate process of protein translation.
Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternate process of protein translation.
Transmission (genetics)
Genetic transmission is the transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation, almost synonymous with heredity, or from one location in a cell to another.
Genetic transmission is the transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation, almost synonymous with heredity, or from one location in a cell to another.
Transmission disequilibrium test
The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was proposed by Spielman, McGinnis and Ewens (1993) as a family-based association test for the presence of genetic linkage between a genetic marker and...
The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was proposed by Spielman, McGinnis and Ewens (1993) as a family-based association test for the presence of genetic linkage between a genetic marker and...
Transvection (genetics)
Transvection is an epigenetic phenomenon that results from an interaction between an allele on one chromosome and the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome.
Transvection is an epigenetic phenomenon that results from an interaction between an allele on one chromosome and the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome.
Tre recombinase
Tre recombinase is an experimental enzyme that in lab tests has successfully removed DNA inserted by HIV from infected cells.
Tre recombinase is an experimental enzyme that in lab tests has successfully removed DNA inserted by HIV from infected cells.
Tree breeding
Tree breeding is the application of genetic principles to the genetic improvement and management of forest trees.
Tree breeding is the application of genetic principles to the genetic improvement and management of forest trees.
Treefinder
Treefinder is a free computer program for the likelihood-based reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from molecular sequences.
Treefinder is a free computer program for the likelihood-based reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from molecular sequences.
Triangle of U
The Triangle of U is a theory about the evolution and relationships between members of the plant genus Brassica.
The Triangle of U is a theory about the evolution and relationships between members of the plant genus Brassica.
Trinucleotide repeat expansion
Trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder.
Trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder.
Twin study
Twin studies are one of a family of designs in behavior genetics which aid the study of individual differences by highlighting the role of environmental and genetic causes on behavior.
Twin studies are one of a family of designs in behavior genetics which aid the study of individual differences by highlighting the role of environmental and genetic causes on behavior.
Twins Early Development Study
The Twins Early Development Study is an ongoing longitudinal twin study, headed by principal investigator and leading psychologist Professor Robert Plomin.
The Twins Early Development Study is an ongoing longitudinal twin study, headed by principal investigator and leading psychologist Professor Robert Plomin.
UBB+1
UBB+1 is shorthand for Ubiquitin-B+1, a frameshifted mutant arising from the Ubiquitin B gene.
UBB+1 is shorthand for Ubiquitin-B+1, a frameshifted mutant arising from the Ubiquitin B gene.
UgMicroSatdb
UgMicroSatdb (UniGene Microsatellites database) is a database of microsatellites present in uniGene.
UgMicroSatdb (UniGene Microsatellites database) is a database of microsatellites present in uniGene.
Ultra-conserved element
An ultra-conserved element is a region of DNA that is identical in at least two different species.
An ultra-conserved element is a region of DNA that is identical in at least two different species.
Underdominance
In genetics, underdominance is the opposite of overdominance.
In genetics, underdominance is the opposite of overdominance.
Unequal crossing over
Unequal crossing over is a type of gene duplication event that deletes a sequence in one strand and replaces it with a duplication from its sister chromatid in mitosis or from its homologous...
Unequal crossing over is a type of gene duplication event that deletes a sequence in one strand and replaces it with a duplication from its sister chromatid in mitosis or from its homologous...
Uniparental inheritance
Uniparental inheritance is a non-mendelian form of inheritance that consists of the transmission of genotypes from one parental type to all progeny.
Uniparental inheritance is a non-mendelian form of inheritance that consists of the transmission of genotypes from one parental type to all progeny.
Upstream Activating Sequence
An UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence.
An UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence.
vasa gene
vasa is an RNA binding protein with an RNA dependant helicase.
vasa is an RNA binding protein with an RNA dependant helicase.
Virtual Karyotype
Virtual Karyotype (also array comparative genomic hybridization, chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA), microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, array CGH, a-CGH, aCGH, or molecular ka...
Virtual Karyotype (also array comparative genomic hybridization, chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA), microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, array CGH, a-CGH, aCGH, or molecular ka...
Virtual karyotype
Virtual karyotype detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Virtual karyotype detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Weismann barrier
The Weismann barrier is the principle that hereditary information moves only from genes to body cells, and never in reverse.
The Weismann barrier is the principle that hereditary information moves only from genes to body cells, and never in reverse.
WGAViewer
WGAViewer is a bioinformatics software tool which is designed to visualize, annotate, and help interpret the results generated from a genome wide association study (GWAS).
WGAViewer is a bioinformatics software tool which is designed to visualize, annotate, and help interpret the results generated from a genome wide association study (GWAS).
X hyperactivation
X hyperactivation refers to the process in Drosophila by which the structural genes of the male X chromosome are transcribed at the same rate as the two X chromosomes of the female combined.
X hyperactivation refers to the process in Drosophila by which the structural genes of the male X chromosome are transcribed at the same rate as the two X chromosomes of the female combined.
X-inactivation
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
X-linked recessive inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed (1) in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for th...
X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed (1) in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for th...
xDNA
xDNA is a modified form of DNA with 8 nucleobases: the four natural bases A, C, G, and T, and four artificial modifications of these made longer by the addition of an extra benzene ring: xA, xC,...
xDNA is a modified form of DNA with 8 nucleobases: the four natural bases A, C, G, and T, and four artificial modifications of these made longer by the addition of an extra benzene ring: xA, xC,...
Xenia effect
The xenia effect is the change caused in observable qualities (phenotype) of a seed as a result of the source of pollination, in addition to the change caused to the plant that the seed would gr...
The xenia effect is the change caused in observable qualities (phenotype) of a seed as a result of the source of pollination, in addition to the change caused to the plant that the seed would gr...
XYY syndrome
XYY syndrome is an aneuploidy (abnormal number) of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y-chromosome, giving a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the more usual 46.
XYY syndrome is an aneuploidy (abnormal number) of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y-chromosome, giving a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the more usual 46.
Y linkage
In mammals, Y-linkage refers to when a phenotypic trait is determined by an allele on the Y chromosome.
In mammals, Y-linkage refers to when a phenotypic trait is determined by an allele on the Y chromosome.
Y-chromosomal Aaron
Y-chromosomal Aaron is the name given to the hypothesised most recent common ancestor of many of the patrilineal Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim (singular "Kohen", "Cohen", or Kohane).
Y-chromosomal Aaron is the name given to the hypothesised most recent common ancestor of many of the patrilineal Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim (singular "Kohen", "Cohen", or Kohane).
Zoo blot
A zoo blot or garden blot is a type of Southern blot that demonstrates the similarity between specific, usually protein-coding, DNA sequences of different species.
A zoo blot or garden blot is a type of Southern blot that demonstrates the similarity between specific, usually protein-coding, DNA sequences of different species.
Överkalix study
The Överkalix study was a study conducted on the physiological effects of various environmental factors on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
The Överkalix study was a study conducted on the physiological effects of various environmental factors on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.