SettingsHistory of cryptography
40-bit encryption
40-bit encryption refers to a key size of forty bits, or five bytes, for symmetric encryption; this represents a relatively low level of security.
40-bit encryption refers to a key size of forty bits, or five bytes, for symmetric encryption; this represents a relatively low level of security.
56-bit encryption
In computing, 56-bit encryption refers to a key size of fifty-six bits, or seven bytes, for symmetric encryption.
In computing, 56-bit encryption refers to a key size of fifty-six bits, or seven bytes, for symmetric encryption.
AACS encryption key controversy
A controversy surrounding the AACS cryptographic key arose in April 2007 when the Motion Picture Association of America and the Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS ...
A controversy surrounding the AACS cryptographic key arose in April 2007 when the Motion Picture Association of America and the Advanced Access Content System Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS ...
Attack on Panzer Group West's headquarters at La Caine
The Attack on Panzer Group West's headquarters at La Caine in Normandy was a successful airstrike by the RAF's Second Tactical Air Force.
The Attack on Panzer Group West's headquarters at La Caine in Normandy was a successful airstrike by the RAF's Second Tactical Air Force.
Babington Plot
The Babington Plot was a Catholic plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and put Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne.
The Babington Plot was a Catholic plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and put Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne.
BATCO
BATCO, short for Battle Code, is a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army during the late Cold War period.
BATCO, short for Battle Code, is a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army during the late Cold War period.
Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway (ミッドウェー海戦) is widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942, approximately one month after the Battle...
The Battle of Midway (ミッドウェー海戦) is widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942, approximately one month after the Battle...
Beale ciphers
The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over USD$63 million as of Septe...
The Beale ciphers are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over USD$63 million as of Septe...
Capstone (cryptography)
Capstone is the name of a United States government long-term project to develop cryptography standards for public and government use.
Capstone is the name of a United States government long-term project to develop cryptography standards for public and government use.
Card catalog (cryptology)
The card catalog, or "catalog of characteristics," in cryptography, was a system designed by Polish Cipher Bureau mathematician-cryptologist Marian Rejewski, and first completed about 1935 or 19...
The card catalog, or "catalog of characteristics," in cryptography, was a system designed by Polish Cipher Bureau mathematician-cryptologist Marian Rejewski, and first completed about 1935 or 19...
CAVNET
CAVNET was a secure military forum which became operational in April 2004.
CAVNET was a secure military forum which became operational in April 2004.
Central Bureau
The Central Bureau was one of two Allied Sigint organisations in the South West Pacific area during World War II. Central Bureau was attached to the HQ of the Allied Commander of the South West ...
The Central Bureau was one of two Allied Sigint organisations in the South West Pacific area during World War II. Central Bureau was attached to the HQ of the Allied Commander of the South West ...
Choctaw Code Talkers
Choctaw Code Talkers were a group of Choctaw Indians from Oklahoma who pioneered the use of Native American languages as military code.
Choctaw Code Talkers were a group of Choctaw Indians from Oklahoma who pioneered the use of Native American languages as military code.
Choctaw code talkers
Choctaw xcode talkers were a group of Choctaw Indians from Oklahoma who pioneered the use of Native American languages as military code.
Choctaw xcode talkers were a group of Choctaw Indians from Oklahoma who pioneered the use of Native American languages as military code.
Clipper chip
The Clipper chip was a chipset that was developed and promoted by the U.S. Government as an encryption device to be adopted by telecommunications companies for voice transmission.
The Clipper chip was a chipset that was developed and promoted by the U.S. Government as an encryption device to be adopted by telecommunications companies for voice transmission.
Code talker
Code talkers was a term used to describe people who talk using a coded language.
Code talkers was a term used to describe people who talk using a coded language.
Code-O-Graph
The Code-O-Graph is a field cipher device and identifier from the Captain Midnight radio serial.
The Code-O-Graph is a field cipher device and identifier from the Captain Midnight radio serial.
Code-talker paradox
The code-talker paradox is an issue in linguistics that brings into question some fundamental ideas of the nature of languages.
The code-talker paradox is an issue in linguistics that brings into question some fundamental ideas of the nature of languages.
Communication during the September 11 attacks
Communication problems and successes played an important role in the September 11, 2001 attacks and their aftermath.
Communication problems and successes played an important role in the September 11, 2001 attacks and their aftermath.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is a paper published in 1949 by Claude Shannon discussing cryptography from the viewpoint of information theory.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is a paper published in 1949 by Claude Shannon discussing cryptography from the viewpoint of information theory.
Content Scramble System
Content Scramble System (CSS) is a Digital Rights Management (DRM) and encryption system employed on almost all commercially produced DVD-Video discs.
Content Scramble System (CSS) is a Digital Rights Management (DRM) and encryption system employed on almost all commercially produced DVD-Video discs.
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of secret Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using En...
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of secret Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using En...
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read secret German military messages during World War II. The British Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchl...
Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher was the process that enabled the British to read secret German military messages during World War II. The British Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchl...
Cyrillic Projector
The Cyrillic Projector is a sculpture created by American artist Jim Sanborn in the early 1990s, and was purchased by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 1997.
The Cyrillic Projector is a sculpture created by American artist Jim Sanborn in the early 1990s, and was purchased by the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 1997.
Dorabella Cipher
The Dorabella Cipher is an enciphered letter written by Edward Elgar to Miss Dora Penny, which was accompanied by another dated July 14, 1897.
The Dorabella Cipher is an enciphered letter written by Edward Elgar to Miss Dora Penny, which was accompanied by another dated July 14, 1897.
Far East Combined Bureau
The Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British Government Code and Cypher School, was set up in Hong Kong in March 1935, to monitor Japanese, and also Chinese and Russian (Soviet) in...
The Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British Government Code and Cypher School, was set up in Hong Kong in March 1935, to monitor Japanese, and also Chinese and Russian (Soviet) in...
Fish (cryptography)
Fish (sometimes FISH) was the Allied codename for any of several German teleprinter stream ciphers used during World War II. Enciphered teleprinter traffic was used between German High Co...
Fish (sometimes FISH) was the Allied codename for any of several German teleprinter stream ciphers used during World War II. Enciphered teleprinter traffic was used between German High Co...
Fleet Radio Unit
Fleet Radio Units (FRU) were the major centers for Allied cryptological and signals intelligence during the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Initially two FRUs were established in the Pacific,...
Fleet Radio Units (FRU) were the major centers for Allied cryptological and signals intelligence during the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Initially two FRUs were established in the Pacific,...
FRUMEL
Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL) was a United States-Australian-British signals intelligence unit, based in Melbourne, Australia during World War II. It was one of two major Allied signals i...
Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL) was a United States-Australian-British signals intelligence unit, based in Melbourne, Australia during World War II. It was one of two major Allied signals i...
Grill (cryptology)
The grill (ruszt), in cryptology, was a method used chiefly early on, before the advent of the cyclometer, by the mathematician-cryptologists of the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Eni...
The grill (ruszt), in cryptology, was a method used chiefly early on, before the advent of the cyclometer, by the mathematician-cryptologists of the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Eni...
Gulf of Tonkin incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, or the USS Maddox Incident, are the names given to two separate confrontations, one actual and one now realized as non-existent, involving North Vietnam an...
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, or the USS Maddox Incident, are the names given to two separate confrontations, one actual and one now realized as non-existent, involving North Vietnam an...
Japanese naval codes
The vulnerability of Japanese naval codes and ciphers was crucial to the conduct of World War II, and had an important influence on foreign relations between Japan and the west in the years lead...
The vulnerability of Japanese naval codes and ciphers was crucial to the conduct of World War II, and had an important influence on foreign relations between Japan and the west in the years lead...
Kryptos
Kryptos is an encrypted sculpture by American artist Jim Sanborn located on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Virginia.
Kryptos is an encrypted sculpture by American artist Jim Sanborn located on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Virginia.
Magic (cryptography)
Magic was an Allied cryptanalysis project during World War II. It involved the United States Army's Signals Intelligence Section (SIS) and the United States Navy's Communication Special Unit.
Magic was an Allied cryptanalysis project during World War II. It involved the United States Army's Signals Intelligence Section (SIS) and the United States Navy's Communication Special Unit.
Mulabhadra
Mūlabhadra was a secret method of communication employed by the royal spies of the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom during the medieval period.
Mūlabhadra was a secret method of communication employed by the royal spies of the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom during the medieval period.
Notarikon
Notarikon (נוטריקון) is a method of deriving a word, akin to the creation of an acronym, by using each of its initial (Hebrew: ראשי תיבות) or final (Hebrew: סופי תיבות) letters to stand for anot...
Notarikon (נוטריקון) is a method of deriving a word, akin to the creation of an acronym, by using each of its initial (Hebrew: ראשי תיבות) or final (Hebrew: סופי תיבות) letters to stand for anot...
NSAKEY
_NSAKEY was a variable name discovered in Windows NT 4 Service Pack 5 (which had been released unstripped of its symbolic debugging data) in August 1999 by Andrew D. Fernandes of Cryptonym Corpo...
_NSAKEY was a variable name discovered in Windows NT 4 Service Pack 5 (which had been released unstripped of its symbolic debugging data) in August 1999 by Andrew D. Fernandes of Cryptonym Corpo...
Operation CHAOS
Operation CHAOS or Operation MHCHAOS was the code name for a domestic espionage project conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency.
Operation CHAOS or Operation MHCHAOS was the code name for a domestic espionage project conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency.
Operation Ruthless
Operation Ruthless was the name of an intrepid deception operation devised by Ian Fleming in the British Admiralty during World War II, in an attempt to gain access to German Naval Enigma codebooks.
Operation Ruthless was the name of an intrepid deception operation devised by Ian Fleming in the British Admiralty during World War II, in an attempt to gain access to German Naval Enigma codebooks.
Poem code
The poem code is a simple, and insecure, cryptographic method.
The poem code is a simple, and insecure, cryptographic method.
Polish Enigma doubles
Enigma "doubles" were machines produced by the Polish Cipher Bureau, based on Marian Rejewski's reconstruction of the German Enigma machine's wirings.
Enigma "doubles" were machines produced by the Polish Cipher Bureau, based on Marian Rejewski's reconstruction of the German Enigma machine's wirings.
Pretty Good Privacy
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a data encryption and decryption computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication.
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a data encryption and decryption computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication.
Project MERRIMAC
Project MERRIMAC was a domestic espionage operation coordinated under the Office of Security of the CIA. It involved information gathering procedures via infiltration and surveillance on Washing...
Project MERRIMAC was a domestic espionage operation coordinated under the Office of Security of the CIA. It involved information gathering procedures via infiltration and surveillance on Washing...
Project RESISTANCE
Project RESISTANCE was a domestic espionage operation coordinated under the Domestic Operations Division (DOD) of the CIA. Its purpose was to collect background information on groups around the ...
Project RESISTANCE was a domestic espionage operation coordinated under the Domestic Operations Division (DOD) of the CIA. Its purpose was to collect background information on groups around the ...
Rasterschlüssel 44
Rasterschlüssel 44 was a manual cipher system, used by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.
Rasterschlüssel 44 was a manual cipher system, used by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.
Reservehandverfahren
Reservehandverfahren (RHV) (Reserve Hand Procedure) was a German Naval World War II hand-cipher system used as a backup method when no working Enigma machine was available.
Reservehandverfahren (RHV) (Reserve Hand Procedure) was a German Naval World War II hand-cipher system used as a backup method when no working Enigma machine was available.
Room 40
In the history of Cryptanalysis, Room 40 (latterly NID25) was the section in the Admiralty most identified with the British cryptoanalysis effort during the First World War.
In the history of Cryptanalysis, Room 40 (latterly NID25) was the section in the Admiralty most identified with the British cryptoanalysis effort during the First World War.
Room 641A
Room 641A is an intercept facility operated by AT&T for the U.S. National Security Agency, beginning in 2003.
Room 641A is an intercept facility operated by AT&T for the U.S. National Security Agency, beginning in 2003.
Secret decoder ring
A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device which allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher - or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction.
A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device which allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher - or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction.
Shugborough inscription
The Shugborough inscription is a carved sequence of letters - O U O S V A V V - that has never been satisfactorily explained, and has been called one of the world's top uncracked ciphertexts.
The Shugborough inscription is a carved sequence of letters - O U O S V A V V - that has never been satisfactorily explained, and has been called one of the world's top uncracked ciphertexts.
Slidex
Slidex was a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army during the Cold War period.
Slidex was a hand-held, paper-based encryption system used at a low, front line (platoon, troop and section) level in the British Army during the Cold War period.
Smithy code
The Smithy code is series of letters embedded, as a private amusement, within the April 2006 approved judgement of Mr Justice Peter Smith on the The Da Vinci Code copyright case.
The Smithy code is series of letters embedded, as a private amusement, within the April 2006 approved judgement of Mr Justice Peter Smith on the The Da Vinci Code copyright case.
SMS Magdeburg
SMS Magdeburg was a lead ship of the of light cruisers in the German Kaiserliche Marine.
SMS Magdeburg was a lead ship of the of light cruisers in the German Kaiserliche Marine.
Station CAST
Station CAST was the United States Navy signals monitoring and cryptographic intelligence fleet radio unit at Cavite Navy Yard in the Philippines, until Cavite was captured by the Japanese force...
Station CAST was the United States Navy signals monitoring and cryptographic intelligence fleet radio unit at Cavite Navy Yard in the Philippines, until Cavite was captured by the Japanese force...
The Alphabet Cipher
Lewis Carroll published The Alphabet-Cipher in 1868, possibly in a children's magazine.
Lewis Carroll published The Alphabet-Cipher in 1868, possibly in a children's magazine.
The Codebreakers
The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing is a book by David Kahn, published in 1967 comprehensively chronicling the history of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing.
The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing is a book by David Kahn, published in 1967 comprehensively chronicling the history of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing.
The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage
The text "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage" was the solution to a challenge ciphertext posed by the inventors of the RSA cipher in 1977.
The text "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage" was the solution to a challenge ciphertext posed by the inventors of the RSA cipher in 1977.
The world wonders
"The world wonders" was part of the security padding included in an encrypted message sent from Admiral Chester Nimitz to Admiral William Halsey, Jr. on October 25, 1944 during the Battle of Le...
"The world wonders" was part of the security padding included in an encrypted message sent from Admiral Chester Nimitz to Admiral William Halsey, Jr. on October 25, 1944 during the Battle of Le...
TICOM
TICOM (Target Intelligence Committee) was a project formed in World War II by the United States to find and seize German intelligence assets, particularly cryptographic ones.
TICOM (Target Intelligence Committee) was a project formed in World War II by the United States to find and seize German intelligence assets, particularly cryptographic ones.
Trench code
In cryptography, trench codes were codes used for secrecy by field armies in World War I. A reasonably-designed code is generally more difficult to crack than a classical cipher, but of course s...
In cryptography, trench codes were codes used for secrecy by field armies in World War I. A reasonably-designed code is generally more difficult to crack than a classical cipher, but of course s...
United States Naval Computing Machine Laboratory
The United States Naval Computing Machine Laboratory was a highly secret design and manufacturing site for code-breaking machinery located in Building 26 of the National Cash Register (NCR) comp...
The United States Naval Computing Machine Laboratory was a highly secret design and manufacturing site for code-breaking machinery located in Building 26 of the National Cash Register (NCR) comp...
USS Liberty incident
The USS Liberty incident was an attack on a United States Navy technical research ship,, by Israeli Air Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy torpedo boats, on June 8, 1967, during th...
The USS Liberty incident was an attack on a United States Navy technical research ship,, by Israeli Air Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy torpedo boats, on June 8, 1967, during th...
USS Pueblo (AGER-2)
USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is an American ELINT and SIGINT Banner-class technical research ship (Navy intelligence) which was boarded and captured by North Korean forces on January 23, 1968, in...
USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is an American ELINT and SIGINT Banner-class technical research ship (Navy intelligence) which was boarded and captured by North Korean forces on January 23, 1968, in...
Voynich manuscript
The Voynich manuscript is a handwritten book thought to have been written in the early 15th century and comprising about 240 vellum pages, most with illustrations.
The Voynich manuscript is a handwritten book thought to have been written in the early 15th century and comprising about 240 vellum pages, most with illustrations.
Zimmermann Telegram
The Zimmermann Telegram was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States.
The Zimmermann Telegram was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States.