SettingsMolecular genetics
2R hypothesis
The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, is a contested hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early verteb...
The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, is a contested hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early verteb...
AP site
In biochemistry and molecular genetics, an AP site, also known as an abasic site, is a location in DNA that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base, either spontaneously or due to DNA d...
In biochemistry and molecular genetics, an AP site, also known as an abasic site, is a location in DNA that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base, either spontaneously or due to DNA d...
Argonaute
Argonaute proteins are the catalytic components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the protein complex responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi).
Argonaute proteins are the catalytic components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the protein complex responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi).
Array comparative genomic hybridization
Array comparative genomic hybridization is a technique to detect genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Array comparative genomic hybridization is a technique to detect genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Array-comparative genomic hybridization
Array-comparative genomic hybridization is a technique to detect genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Array-comparative genomic hybridization is a technique to detect genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution level than chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization.
Artificial gene synthesis
Artificial gene synthesis is the process of synthesizing a gene in vitro without the need for initial template DNA samples.
Artificial gene synthesis is the process of synthesizing a gene in vitro without the need for initial template DNA samples.
Assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex
Prior to the assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex, nearly all of the components of RNA polymerase II and its holoenzyme need to be available and in the location where needed.
Prior to the assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex, nearly all of the components of RNA polymerase II and its holoenzyme need to be available and in the location where needed.
AT-hook
The AT-hook is a DNA-binding motif present in many proteins, including the high mobility group (HMG) proteins, DNA-binding proteins from plants and hBRG1 protein, a central ATPase of the human ...
The AT-hook is a DNA-binding motif present in many proteins, including the high mobility group (HMG) proteins, DNA-binding proteins from plants and hBRG1 protein, a central ATPase of the human ...
Auxotrophy
Auxotrophy (Gr. αὐξάνω "to increase"; τροφή "nourishment") is most commonly defined as the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth (a...
Auxotrophy (Gr. αὐξάνω "to increase"; τροφή "nourishment") is most commonly defined as the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth (a...
Biopolymer
Biopolymers are polymers prodshubham raiuced by living organisms.shubham rai shubham rai shubham raimonomeric]] units tshubham raihat are covalently bonded to form larger structures.
Biopolymers are polymers prodshubham raiuced by living organisms.shubham rai shubham rai shubham raimonomeric]] units tshubham raihat are covalently bonded to form larger structures.
Biopunk
Biopunk (a portmanteau synthesizing "biotechnology" and "punk") is a technoprogressive movement advocating open access to genetic information.
Biopunk (a portmanteau synthesizing "biotechnology" and "punk") is a technoprogressive movement advocating open access to genetic information.
Bivalent chromatin
Bivalent chromatin is chromatin that contains both activating and repressing epigenetic modifications in the same area.
Bivalent chromatin is chromatin that contains both activating and repressing epigenetic modifications in the same area.
Branch migration
Branch migration describes the ability of a DNA strand partially paired with its complement in a duplex to extend its pairing by displacing the resident strand with which it is homologous.
Branch migration describes the ability of a DNA strand partially paired with its complement in a duplex to extend its pairing by displacing the resident strand with which it is homologous.
C7 protein
C7 protein is an engineered zinc finger protein based on the murine ZFP, Zif268 and discovered by Wu et al.
C7 protein is an engineered zinc finger protein based on the murine ZFP, Zif268 and discovered by Wu et al.
C7.GAT protein
The C7.GAT protein is a zinc finger protein based on the C7 protein (itself based on the murine Zif268).
The C7.GAT protein is a zinc finger protein based on the C7 protein (itself based on the murine Zif268).
CAAT box
In molecular biology, a CCAAT box (also sometimes abbreviated a CAAT box or CAT box) is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence that occur upstream by 75-...
In molecular biology, a CCAAT box (also sometimes abbreviated a CAAT box or CAT box) is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence that occur upstream by 75-...
Centimorgan
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage.
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage.
Chakragati mouse
Chakragati mouse (ckr) is an insertional transgenic mouse mutant displaying hyperactive behaviour and circling.
Chakragati mouse (ckr) is an insertional transgenic mouse mutant displaying hyperactive behaviour and circling.
Chromatid
A chromatid is one of the two copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division.
A chromatid is one of the two copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division.
Chromatin
Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell.
Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell.
Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes.
Chromosomal crossover is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes.
Cistrome
Cistrome This term was coined by investigators at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School to define the set of cis-acting targets (DNA binding sites) of a trans-actin...
Cistrome This term was coined by investigators at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School to define the set of cis-acting targets (DNA binding sites) of a trans-actin...
CIT Program Tumor Identity Cards
The "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT)" program (or 'Tumor Identity Cards'), launched and financed by the French charity "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", aims at characterizing multiple typ...
The "Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT)" program (or 'Tumor Identity Cards'), launched and financed by the French charity "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", aims at characterizing multiple typ...
Coactivation (Transcription)
Coactivation is a process by which the transcription of RNA is increased.
Coactivation is a process by which the transcription of RNA is increased.
Coactivator (genetics)
A coactivator is a protein that increases gene expression by binding to an activator (or transcription factor) which contains a DNA binding domain.
A coactivator is a protein that increases gene expression by binding to an activator (or transcription factor) which contains a DNA binding domain.
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization or Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is a molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes in the DNA content of a given subject's DNA a...
Comparative genomic hybridization or Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is a molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes in the DNA content of a given subject's DNA a...
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database
The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) is a public website and research tool that curates scientific data describing relationships between chemicals, genes, and human diseases.
The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) is a public website and research tool that curates scientific data describing relationships between chemicals, genes, and human diseases.
Conserved sequence
In biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences that occur within nucleic acid sequences (such as RNA and DNA sequences), protein sequences, protein structures or polymeric ca...
In biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences that occur within nucleic acid sequences (such as RNA and DNA sequences), protein sequences, protein structures or polymeric ca...
Core promoter
The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription.
The core promoter is the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate gene transcription.
Corepressor
In molecular genetics, a corepressor is a substance that helps inhibit expression of genes.
In molecular genetics, a corepressor is a substance that helps inhibit expression of genes.
CpG island
In genetics, CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of CpG sites but to date objective definitions for CpG islands are limited.
In genetics, CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of CpG sites but to date objective definitions for CpG islands are limited.
CpG site
CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide occurs next to a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its length.
CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide occurs next to a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its length.
Cre-Lox recombination
Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology widely used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions in the DNA of cells.
Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology widely used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions in the DNA of cells.
Derepression
This effect is called derepression.
This effect is called derepression.
Directionality (molecular biology)
Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid.
Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid.
Diversity Arrays Technology
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence markers for genotyping and other genetic analysis.
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence markers for genotyping and other genetic analysis.
DNA barcoding
DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species.
DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a short genetic marker in an organism's DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species.
DNA binding site
DNA binding sites are a special instance of binding site, a region of a molecule where other molecules may bind.
DNA binding sites are a special instance of binding site, a region of a molecule where other molecules may bind.
DNA codon table
As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular.
As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular.
DNA condensation
DNA condensation refers to the process of compacting DNA molecules in vitro or in vivo.
DNA condensation refers to the process of compacting DNA molecules in vitro or in vivo.
DNA error
According to Ray Kurzweil, DNA errors (in the form of either pathogens, viruses, and/or cancer cells) are the causes of most major illnesses; ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's disease to Do...
According to Ray Kurzweil, DNA errors (in the form of either pathogens, viruses, and/or cancer cells) are the causes of most major illnesses; ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's disease to Do...
DNA repair
DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
DNA separation by silica adsorption
DNA Separation by Silica Adsorption is an important method of DNA separation that is used in novel technologies that use micro-channels.
DNA Separation by Silica Adsorption is an important method of DNA separation that is used in novel technologies that use micro-channels.
DNA-binding domain
A DNA-binding domain is an independently folded protein domain that contains at least one motif that recognizes double- or single-stranded DNA. A DBD can recognize a specific DNA sequence or ha...
A DNA-binding domain is an independently folded protein domain that contains at least one motif that recognizes double- or single-stranded DNA. A DBD can recognize a specific DNA sequence or ha...
DNA-binding protein
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that are composed of DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for either single or double stranded DNA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding p...
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that are composed of DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for either single or double stranded DNA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding p...
Dyad symmetry
In genetics, dyad symmetry refers to two areas of a DNA strand whose base pair sequences are inverted repeats of each other.
In genetics, dyad symmetry refers to two areas of a DNA strand whose base pair sequences are inverted repeats of each other.
Ectopic recombination
Ectopic recombination is the recombination between sequences present at different genomic locations.
Ectopic recombination is the recombination between sequences present at different genomic locations.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or mobility shift electrophoresis, also referred as a gel shift assay, gel mobility shift assay, band shift assay, or ge...
An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or mobility shift electrophoresis, also referred as a gel shift assay, gel mobility shift assay, band shift assay, or ge...
Epstein-Barr virus snoRNA1
V-snoRNA1 is a box CD-snoRNA identified in B lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus.
V-snoRNA1 is a box CD-snoRNA identified in B lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus.
Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion
Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle.
Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle.
Euchromatin
Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is rich in gene concentration, and is often under active transcription.
Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is rich in gene concentration, and is often under active transcription.
Eukaryotic chromosome structure
Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from the raw DNA molecules to the chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis.
Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from the raw DNA molecules to the chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis.
Evolution by Gene Duplication (Theoretical models)
Evolution by gene duplication is a mechanism of Natural Selection which results in novel features of living organisms.
Evolution by gene duplication is a mechanism of Natural Selection which results in novel features of living organisms.
Expanded genetic code
An expanded genetic code refers to an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been allocated to encode an amino acid which is not among the twenty/twenty-two...
An expanded genetic code refers to an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been allocated to encode an amino acid which is not among the twenty/twenty-two...
Expression cloning
Expression cloning is a technique in DNA cloning that uses expression vectors to generate a library of clones, with each clone expressing one protein.
Expression cloning is a technique in DNA cloning that uses expression vectors to generate a library of clones, with each clone expressing one protein.
Fertility factor
The Fertility factor was the first episome discovered.
The Fertility factor was the first episome discovered.
Fine structure genetics
Fine structure genetics encompasses a set of tools used to examine not just the mutations within an entire genome, but can be isolated to either specific pathways or regions of the genome.
Fine structure genetics encompasses a set of tools used to examine not just the mutations within an entire genome, but can be isolated to either specific pathways or regions of the genome.
FLP-FRT recombination
In genetics, FLP-FRT recombination is a site-directed recombination technology used to manipulate an organism's DNA under controlled conditions in vivo.
In genetics, FLP-FRT recombination is a site-directed recombination technology used to manipulate an organism's DNA under controlled conditions in vivo.
Functional cloning
Functional cloning involves using a known gene sequence as a probe to look for new gene sequences that may have similar functions, based on the similarity of sequence.
Functional cloning involves using a known gene sequence as a probe to look for new gene sequences that may have similar functions, based on the similarity of sequence.
Functional molecular infection epidemiology
Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with ...
Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with ...
G2-M DNA damage checkpoint
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeast to mammals.
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeast to mammals.
Gemini Somatics
Gemini Somatics is a biotechnology company located in Riverside, Oregon, working primarily in the field of synthetic somatology, which is an emerging science developed by Dr Edward Darmos.
Gemini Somatics is a biotechnology company located in Riverside, Oregon, working primarily in the field of synthetic somatology, which is an emerging science developed by Dr Edward Darmos.
Gene duplication
Gene duplication is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene; it may occur as an error in homologous recombination, a retrotransposition event, or duplication of an entire chromosome.
Gene duplication is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene; it may occur as an error in homologous recombination, a retrotransposition event, or duplication of an entire chromosome.
Gene expression profiling
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function.
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function.
Gene gun
A gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for injecting cells with genetic information.
A gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for injecting cells with genetic information.
Gene knockout
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative.
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative.
Gene sharing
Gene sharing is when a single polypeptide sequence, encoded by a single gene, performs multiple distinct functions in different biological contexts.
Gene sharing is when a single polypeptide sequence, encoded by a single gene, performs multiple distinct functions in different biological contexts.
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.
Genetic codes (database)
Genetic codes is a simple ASN.1 database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information and listing all the known Genetic codes.
Genetic codes is a simple ASN.1 database hosted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information and listing all the known Genetic codes.
Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination is the breaking and rejoining of DNA strands to form new molecules of DNA encoding a novel set of genetic information.
Genetic recombination is the breaking and rejoining of DNA strands to form new molecules of DNA encoding a novel set of genetic information.
Genetic screen
A genetic screen (also known as a phenotypic screen) is an experimental technique used to identify and select for individuals who possess a phenotype of interest in a mutagenized population.
A genetic screen (also known as a phenotypic screen) is an experimental technique used to identify and select for individuals who possess a phenotype of interest in a mutagenized population.
Genomic imprinting
Genomic imprinting is a genetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
Genomic imprinting is a genetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
Germinal choice technology
Germinal choice technology refers to a set of reprogenetic technologies that, currently or that are expected to in the future, allow parents to influence the genetic constitutions of their children.
Germinal choice technology refers to a set of reprogenetic technologies that, currently or that are expected to in the future, allow parents to influence the genetic constitutions of their children.
Heterochromatin
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA, which comes in different varieties.
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA, which comes in different varieties.
Hfr cell
A high-frequency recombination cell is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid integrated into its genomic DNA. The Hfr strain was first characterized by Luca Cavalli-Sforza.
A high-frequency recombination cell is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid integrated into its genomic DNA. The Hfr strain was first characterized by Luca Cavalli-Sforza.
Histone demethylase
Two specific JmjC histone demethylases are PHF8 and KIAA1718.
Two specific JmjC histone demethylases are PHF8 and KIAA1718.
Histone methylation
Histone methylation is the modification of certain amino acids in a histone protein by the addition of one, two, or three methyl groups.
Histone methylation is the modification of certain amino acids in a histone protein by the addition of one, two, or three methyl groups.
Holliday junction
A Holliday junction is a mobile junction between four strands of DNA. The structure is named after Robin Holliday, who proposed it in 1964 to account for a particular type of exchange of genetic...
A Holliday junction is a mobile junction between four strands of DNA. The structure is named after Robin Holliday, who proposed it in 1964 to account for a particular type of exchange of genetic...
Human accelerated regions
Human accelerated regions, first described in August 2006, are a set of 49 segments of the human genome which are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution but are strikingly different in humans.
Human accelerated regions, first described in August 2006, are a set of 49 segments of the human genome which are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution but are strikingly different in humans.
HY box
The 'hypertrophy' region is part of DNA upstream from the transcription start site between the base pairs at -89 and bp -60.
The 'hypertrophy' region is part of DNA upstream from the transcription start site between the base pairs at -89 and bp -60.
Inbred backcross lines
Inbred backcross lines (IBLs) in plant molecular biology are lines (i.e.
Inbred backcross lines (IBLs) in plant molecular biology are lines (i.e.
Initiator motif
The Initiatior motif is a DNA transcription promoter that is similar in function to the Pribnow box or the TATA box.
The Initiatior motif is a DNA transcription promoter that is similar in function to the Pribnow box or the TATA box.
Intein
An intein is a segment of a protein that is able to excise itself and rejoin the remaining portions with a peptide bond.
An intein is a segment of a protein that is able to excise itself and rejoin the remaining portions with a peptide bond.
John Quackenbush
John Quackenbush (born January 4, 1962) is an American computational biologist and genome scientist.
John Quackenbush (born January 4, 1962) is an American computational biologist and genome scientist.
Knockout moss
A knockout moss is a moss plant in which one or more specific genes are deleted or inactivated by gene targeting.
A knockout moss is a moss plant in which one or more specific genes are deleted or inactivated by gene targeting.
Kruppel-like factors
The Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (Klfs), so named for their homology to the Drosophila melanogaster Krüppel protein, have been extensively studied for their roles in ce...
The Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (Klfs), so named for their homology to the Drosophila melanogaster Krüppel protein, have been extensively studied for their roles in ce...
Laboratory rat
A laboratory rat is a rat of the species Rattus norvegicus which is bred and kept for scientific research.
A laboratory rat is a rat of the species Rattus norvegicus which is bred and kept for scientific research.
Long terminal repeat
Long terminal repeats are sequences of DNA that repeat hundreds or thousands of times.
Long terminal repeats are sequences of DNA that repeat hundreds or thousands of times.
Magnetofection
Magnetofection is a simple and highly efficient transfection method that uses magnetic fields to concentrate particles containing nucleic acid into the target cells.
Magnetofection is a simple and highly efficient transfection method that uses magnetic fields to concentrate particles containing nucleic acid into the target cells.
MARCM
Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker, or MARCM, is a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells in an otherwise heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster.
Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker, or MARCM, is a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells in an otherwise heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster.
Mating of yeast
The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation.
The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation.
Mating-type region
The mating-type region is a specialized region in the genomes of some yeast and other fungi, usually organized into heterochromatin and possessing unique histone methylation patterns.
The mating-type region is a specialized region in the genomes of some yeast and other fungi, usually organized into heterochromatin and possessing unique histone methylation patterns.
Matrix attachment region
Matrix attachment region (MAR), also known as Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), are sequences in the DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes where the nuclear matrix attaches.
Matrix attachment region (MAR), also known as Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), are sequences in the DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes where the nuclear matrix attaches.
Meiome
Meiome is the term used in functional genomics for meiotic transcriptome.
Meiome is the term used in functional genomics for meiotic transcriptome.
Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product.
Messenger RNA is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for a protein product.
Minicircle
Minicircles are small circular plasmid derivatives that have been freed from all prokaryotic vector parts.
Minicircles are small circular plasmid derivatives that have been freed from all prokaryotic vector parts.
Mitotic crossover
Mitotic crossover is a rare type of genetic recombination that may occur in some types of somatic cells during mitosis.
Mitotic crossover is a rare type of genetic recombination that may occur in some types of somatic cells during mitosis.
Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a technique in molecular evolution that uses fossil constraints and rates of molecular change to deduce the time in geologic history when two species or other taxa diverged.
The molecular clock is a technique in molecular evolution that uses fossil constraints and rates of molecular change to deduce the time in geologic history when two species or other taxa diverged.
Molecular epidemiology
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology, di...
Molecular epidemiology is a branch of medical science that focuses on the contribution of potential genetic and environmental risk factors, identified at the molecular level, to the etiology, di...
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Molecular models of DNA
Molecular models of DNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and pres...
Molecular models of DNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and pres...
Morphant
An organism which has been treated with a Morpholino antisense oligo to temporarily knock down expression of a targeted gene is called a Morphant.
An organism which has been treated with a Morpholino antisense oligo to temporarily knock down expression of a targeted gene is called a Morphant.
Morpholino
In molecular biology, Morpholino describes a molecule in a particular structural family that is used to modify gene expression.
In molecular biology, Morpholino describes a molecule in a particular structural family that is used to modify gene expression.
MRNA surveillance
mRNA surveillance mechanisms are pathways utilized by organisms to ensure fidelity and quality of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
mRNA surveillance mechanisms are pathways utilized by organisms to ensure fidelity and quality of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
Nested gene
A nested gene is a gene whose entire coding sequence lies within the bounds (between the start codon and the stop codon) of a larger external gene.
A nested gene is a gene whose entire coding sequence lies within the bounds (between the start codon and the stop codon) of a larger external gene.
Noreen Murray
Noreen Elizabeth, Lady Murray (née Parker) CBE, FRS FRSE (26 February 1935 – 12 May 2011) was an English molecular geneticist; until her 2001 retirement she held a personal chair in molecu...
Noreen Elizabeth, Lady Murray (née Parker) CBE, FRS FRSE (26 February 1935 – 12 May 2011) was an English molecular geneticist; until her 2001 retirement she held a personal chair in molecu...
Nuclear export signal
A nuclear export signal (NES) is a short amino acid sequence of 4 hydrophobic residues in a protein that targets it for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore com...
A nuclear export signal (NES) is a short amino acid sequence of 4 hydrophobic residues in a protein that targets it for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore com...
Nuclear localisation sequence
A nuclear localisation signal or sequence is an amino acid sequence which 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport.
A nuclear localisation signal or sequence is an amino acid sequence which 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport.
Nuclear localization sequence
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence which 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport.
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence which 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport.
Nuclear matrix
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton.
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton.
Nucleic acid analogues
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds structurally similar to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds structurally similar to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.
Nucleolus organizer region
The nucleolus organizer region or nucleolar organizer is a chromosomal region around which the nucleolus forms.
The nucleolus organizer region or nucleolar organizer is a chromosomal region around which the nucleolus forms.
Nucleotide diversity
Nucleotide diversity is a concept in molecular genetics which is used to measure the degree of polymorphism within a population.
Nucleotide diversity is a concept in molecular genetics which is used to measure the degree of polymorphism within a population.
Open reading frame
In molecular genetics, an open reading frame is the part of a gene that actually encodes a protein.
In molecular genetics, an open reading frame is the part of a gene that actually encodes a protein.
ORFeome
Orfeome or Orfome is the totality of open reading frames(ORF) in biology.
Orfeome or Orfome is the totality of open reading frames(ORF) in biology.
Parasexual cycle
The parasexual cycle, a process peculiar to fungi and single-celled organisms, is a nonsexual mechanism for transferring genetic material without meiosis or the development of sexual structures.
The parasexual cycle, a process peculiar to fungi and single-celled organisms, is a nonsexual mechanism for transferring genetic material without meiosis or the development of sexual structures.
Phosphate transistasis
Phosphate transistasis is the power or tendency of a living thing to keep changing its phosphate needs according to the transformation of circumstances; i.e., to reform its functions to maintain...
Phosphate transistasis is the power or tendency of a living thing to keep changing its phosphate needs according to the transformation of circumstances; i.e., to reform its functions to maintain...
Primer extension
Primer extension is a technique whereby the 5' ends of RNA or DNA can be mapped.
Primer extension is a technique whereby the 5' ends of RNA or DNA can be mapped.
Process molecular gene concept
The Process Molecular Gene Concept was first proposed by Eva M. Neumann-Held.
The Process Molecular Gene Concept was first proposed by Eva M. Neumann-Held.
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting is a phenomena by which a protein can perform more than one function.
Protein moonlighting is a phenomena by which a protein can perform more than one function.
Prp24
Prp24 (precursor RNA processing, gene 24) is a protein part of the pre-messenger RNA splicing process and aids the binding of U6 snRNA to U4 snRNA during the formation of...
Prp24 (precursor RNA processing, gene 24) is a protein part of the pre-messenger RNA splicing process and aids the binding of U6 snRNA to U4 snRNA during the formation of...
PSC101
pSC101 is a DNA plasmid that is used as a cloning vector in genetic cloning experiments.
pSC101 is a DNA plasmid that is used as a cloning vector in genetic cloning experiments.
Pseudoautosomal region
The pseudoautosomal regions, PAR1 and PAR2 are homologous sequences of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes.
The pseudoautosomal regions, PAR1 and PAR2 are homologous sequences of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes.
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA sequences that result from the use of laboratory methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise b...
Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA sequences that result from the use of laboratory methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise b...
Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
The procedure permits the systematic, repeated modification of higher eukaryotic genomes by targeted integration.
The procedure permits the systematic, repeated modification of higher eukaryotic genomes by targeted integration.
Recombination hotspot
Recombination hotspots are small regions in the genome of sexually reproducing organisms that exhibit highly elevated rates of meiotic recombination.
Recombination hotspots are small regions in the genome of sexually reproducing organisms that exhibit highly elevated rates of meiotic recombination.
Replisome
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands.
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands.
RetrOryza
RetrOryza is a database of Long terminal repeat-retrotransposons for the rice genome.
RetrOryza is a database of Long terminal repeat-retrotransposons for the rice genome.
Reverse genetics
Reverse geneticsReverse geneticsReverse genetics is an approach to discovering the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific gene sequences obtained by DNA sequencing.
Reverse geneticsReverse geneticsReverse genetics is an approach to discovering the function of a gene by analyzing the phenotypic effects of specific gene sequences obtained by DNA sequencing.
RNA interference
RNA interference is a process within living cells that moderates the activity of their genes.
RNA interference is a process within living cells that moderates the activity of their genes.
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme stability
There are various aspects to the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme stability: the number of base pairs that can be transcribed before the holoenzyme loses its ability to transcribe, stability due to ...
There are various aspects to the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme stability: the number of base pairs that can be transcribed before the holoenzyme loses its ability to transcribe, stability due to ...
RNA triphosphatase
RNA triphosphatase is an enzyme used to cleave the γ-phosphate out from the 5' end NTP of a newly synthesized mRNA, so that 5' capping can be performed.
RNA triphosphatase is an enzyme used to cleave the γ-phosphate out from the 5' end NTP of a newly synthesized mRNA, so that 5' capping can be performed.
S/MAR
The term ´S/MAR´ (scaffold/matrix attachment region), otherwise called ´SAR´ (scaffold-attachment region) or ´MAR´ (matrix-associated element) designates architectural components tha...
The term ´S/MAR´ (scaffold/matrix attachment region), otherwise called ´SAR´ (scaffold-attachment region) or ´MAR´ (matrix-associated element) designates architectural components tha...
S/MARt
S/MARt DB is a database of regions attached to the nuclear matrix.
S/MARt DB is a database of regions attached to the nuclear matrix.
Saturated mutagenesis
Saturation mutagenesis is a form of site-directed mutagenesis, in which one tries to generate all possible (or as close to as possible) mutations at a specific site, or narrow region of a gene.
Saturation mutagenesis is a form of site-directed mutagenesis, in which one tries to generate all possible (or as close to as possible) mutations at a specific site, or narrow region of a gene.
Segmental duplication
Segmental duplications are segments of DNA with near-identical sequence.
Segmental duplications are segments of DNA with near-identical sequence.
Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere.
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere.
Site-directed mutagenesis
Site-directed mutagenesis, also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, is a molecular biology technique often used in biomolecular engineering in w...
Site-directed mutagenesis, also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, is a molecular biology technique often used in biomolecular engineering in w...
Site-specific recombination
Site-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing...
Site-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing...
Small nuclear RNA
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Small nuclear ribonucleic acid is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. Th...
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. Th...
Solenoid (DNA)
The solenoid defines the packing of DNA as a 30 nm fiber of chromatin and results from the helical winding of at least five nucleosome strands.
The solenoid defines the packing of DNA as a 30 nm fiber of chromatin and results from the helical winding of at least five nucleosome strands.
Spatiotemporal gene expression
Spatiotemporal gene expression is the activation of genes within specific tissues of an organism at specific times during development.
Spatiotemporal gene expression is the activation of genes within specific tissues of an organism at specific times during development.
Start codon
The start codon is generally defined as the point, sequence, at which a ribosome begins to translate a sequence of RNA into amino acids.
The start codon is generally defined as the point, sequence, at which a ribosome begins to translate a sequence of RNA into amino acids.
Stop codon
In the genetic code, a stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation.
In the genetic code, a stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation.
Suppressor mutation
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation.
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation.
Synaptonemal complex
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and that is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synap...
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and that is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synap...
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology is a new area of biological research and technology that combines science and engineering.
Synthetic biology is a new area of biological research and technology that combines science and engineering.
Tandem exon duplication
Tandem exon duplication is defined as duplication of exons within the same gene to give rise to the subsequent exon.
Tandem exon duplication is defined as duplication of exons within the same gene to give rise to the subsequent exon.
Termination factor
Termination is part of the process of transcribing RNA. In eukaryotes, a termination factor is required to release the newly made RNA from the transcription complex.
Termination is part of the process of transcribing RNA. In eukaryotes, a termination factor is required to release the newly made RNA from the transcription complex.
Tn3 resolvase
Tn3 resolvase is one out of three proteins that are encoded on the 4957 base pair Tn3 transposon.
Tn3 resolvase is one out of three proteins that are encoded on the 4957 base pair Tn3 transposon.
Transcript of unknown function
Transcripts of unknown function (TUFs) is the name that has been suggested for known RNA transcripts of DNA whose function is unclear.
Transcripts of unknown function (TUFs) is the name that has been suggested for known RNA transcripts of DNA whose function is unclear.
Transcription factor II B
Transcription factor II B is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II B is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II D
Transcription factor II D is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II D is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II E
Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II F
Transcription factor II F (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcription factor II F (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.
Transcriptional bursting
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes from bacteria to humans.
Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes from bacteria to humans.
TRANSFAC
TRANSFAC (TRANScription FACtor database) is a manually curated database of eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites and DNA binding profiles.
TRANSFAC (TRANScription FACtor database) is a manually curated database of eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites and DNA binding profiles.
Trithorax-group proteins
Trithorax-group proteins are chromatin regulatory proteins which generally act to maintain gene expression.
Trithorax-group proteins are chromatin regulatory proteins which generally act to maintain gene expression.
UCbase
UCbase is a database of ultraconserved sequences.
UCbase is a database of ultraconserved sequences.
Viral transfer
Viral transfer is a type of gene splicing that uses a virus as a vector for the wanted gene sequence.
Viral transfer is a type of gene splicing that uses a virus as a vector for the wanted gene sequence.
Viral vector
Viral vectors are a tool commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells.
Viral vectors are a tool commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells.
Winged helix turn helix
The winged helix turn helix (wHTH) is a DNA-binding domain that binds to specific DNA sequences.
The winged helix turn helix (wHTH) is a DNA-binding domain that binds to specific DNA sequences.
X-inactivation
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated.
Yotari
The yotari mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant.
The yotari mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant.