Neurological disorders

Abarognosis - Abarognosis is a loss of the ability to detect the weight of an object held in the hand or to tell the difference in weight between two objects.

Abasia - Abasia is the inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination.

Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome - The abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome consists of pain caused by entrapment of the abdominal segmental nerves within the rectus abdominis muscle.

Aboulia - Aboulia or Abulia, in neurology, refers to a lack of will or initiative and is one of the Disorders of Diminished Motivation or DDM. Aboulia falls in the middle of the spectrum of diminis...

Absence seizure - Absence seizures are one of several kinds of seizures.

Accessory nerve disorder - Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause an accessory nerve disorder or spinal accessory nerve palsy, which results in diminished or absent function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle...

Acquired brain injury - An acquired brain injury is damage to the brain acquired after birth.

Actigraphy - Actigraphy is a relatively non-invasive method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an immune mediated disease of the brain.

Acute motor axonal neuropathy - Acute motor axonal neuropathy is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Adie syndrome - Adie syndrome, sometimes known as Holmes-Adie's syndrome or Adie's Tonic Pupil, is a neurological disorder which affects the pupil of the eye and the autonomic nervous system.

Adiposogenital dystrophy - Adiposogenital dystrophy is a medical condition.

Adult-onset basal ganglia disease - Adult-onset basal ganglia disease or neuroferritinopathy is a disorder caused by abnormal iron accumulation in the basal ganglia due to mutations in FTL gene.

Agnosia - Agnosia is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.

Aicardi syndrome - Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized by the partial or complete absence of a key structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, the presence of retinal abno...

Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome - Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome is a rare genetic disorder.

Airsickness - Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel.

Akinetic mutism - Akinetic mutism is a medical term describing patients who tend neither to speak nor move.

Alcoholic polyneuropathy - Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which many peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously.

Alien hand syndrome - Alien hand syndrome is an unusual neurological disorder in which one of the sufferer's hands seem to take on a mind of its own.

Alpers' disease - Alpers' disease, also called Alpers' syndrome, Alpers' Huttenlocher disease, progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood, progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy, and ...

Alternating hemiplegia - Alternating hemiplegia refers to a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral and contralateral presentation in different parts of the body.

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood - Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a rare genetic disease which causes intermittent paralysis and progressive mental retardation starting in childhood.

Alternative names for chronic fatigue syndrome - Chronic fatigue syndrome is the name currently used by the majority of the medical and scientific community to describe a condition or set of conditions characterized by fatigue and other symptoms.

Alzheimer's disease - Alzheimer's disease, also called Alzheimer disease, Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of dementia.

Angelman syndrome - Angelman syndrome Angelman syndrome is a neuro-genetic disorder characterized by intellectual and developmental delay, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements especially hand-flapping, freq...

Anosmia - Anosmia is a lack of functioning olfaction, or in other words, an inability to perceive odors.

Anosodiaphoria - Anosodiaphoria is a condition in which a person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems indifferent to the existence of their handicap.

Anosognosia - Anosognosia is a condition in which a person who suffers disability seems unaware of or denies the existence of his or her disability.

Anterior interosseous syndrome - Anterior interosseous syndrome or Kiloh-Nevin syndrome I is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve, a motor branch of the median nerve, causes pain in the ...

Anton–Babinski syndrome - Anton–Babinski syndrome is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe.

Aphasia - Aphasia is an acquired language disorder in which there is an impairment of any language modality.

Apraxia - Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the mo...

Apraxia of speech - Apraxia of Speech is a motor speech disorder affecting an individual's ability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans.

Arachnoid cyst - Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane, one of the ...

Arachnoiditis - Arachnoiditis is a neuropathic disease caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain a...

Arnold-Chiari malformation - Arnold-Chiari malformation is a malformation of the brain.

Asemia - Asemia is the term for the medical condition of being unable to understand or express any signs or symbols.

Ashby House - Ashby House was founded in 1978 by Dr. Mira Ashby.

Asperger syndrome - Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder, and people with it therefore show significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and ...

Associative agnosia - People with associative agnosia fail in assigning meaning to an object, animal or building that they can see clearly.

Astasis - Astasis is the inability to stand because of disruption of muscle coordination.

Asthenia - Asthenia is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength.

Ataxia - Ataxia is a neurological sign and symptom consisting of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder.

Atypical trigeminal neuralgia - Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia, or Type 2 Trigeminal Neuralgia, is a rare form of Trigeminal neuralgia, a disorder of the fifth cranial nerve.

Auditory agnosia - Auditory agnosia is a form of agnosia that manifests primarily in the inability to recognize or differentiate between sounds.

Autism - Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy - Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is a rare epileptic disorder that causes frequent violent seizures during sleep.

Autotopagnosia - Autotopagnosia is agnosia that affects the sense of posture.

Axillary nerve dysfunction - Axillary nerve dysfunction is a general term that refers to any type of dysfunction of the axillary nerve.

Balo concentric sclerosis - Balo concentric sclerosis is one of the borderline forms of multiple sclerosis.

Basal ganglia disease - Basal ganglia disease refers to a group of physical dysfunctions that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to pr...

Basilar invagination - Basilar invagination occurs when the top of the C2 vertebrae migrates upward.

Batten disease - Batten disease is a rare, fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that begins in childhood.

Behr syndrome - Behr syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder named after Carl Behr, who first described it in 1909.

Bell's palsy - Bell's palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side.

Benedikt syndrome - Benedikt syndrome, also called Benedikt's syndrome or paramedian midbrain syndrome, is a rare type of posterior circulation stroke of the brain, with a range of neurological symptoms...

Benign familial neonatal convulsions - Benign familial neonatal convulsions aka Benign familial neonatal seizures is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of epilepsy.

Benign fasciculation syndrome - Benign fasciculation syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by fasciculation of various voluntary muscles in the body.

Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome - Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome is a rare neurological movement disorder in which patients, usually children around age 3, begin to bob their head and shoulders forward and back, or sometimes side-to-...

Botulism - Botulism also known as botulinus intoxication is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

Brachial plexus injury - The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord, which is housed in the spinal canal of the vertebral column, to the shoulder, arm and hand.

Brain abscess - Brain abscess is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources, within the brain tissue.

Brain metastasis - A brain metastasis is a cancer that has metastasized to the brain from another location in the body.

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome - The Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, sometimes better known as Brown's Syndrome, is an exceptionally rare neurological disorder of unknown cause, characterized primarily by deafness and paraly...

CADASIL syndrome - CADASIL is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder, and is thought to be caused by mutations of the Notch 3 gene on chromosome 19..

CAMFAK syndrome - CAMFAK syndrome is an acronym used to describe a rare inherited neurologic disease, characterized by peripheral and central demyelination of nerves, similar to that seen in Cockayne syndrome.

Central core disease - Central core disease, also known as central core myopathy, is an autosomal dominant congenital myopathy.

Cerebellar abiotrophy - Cerebellar abiotrophy, also referred to as the cerebellar cortical abiotrophy, which is a genetic neurological disease in animals best known to affect certain breeds of horses and dogs.

Cerebellar hypoplasia - Cerebellar hypoplasia is a developmental disorder characterized by the incomplete or underdevelopment of the cerebellum.

Cerebellar hypoplasia (non-human) - Cerebellar hypoplasia is a disorder found in cats and dogs in which the cerebellum is not completely mature at birth.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system.

Cerebral palsy - Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of b...

Cerebral softening - In medicine, Cerebral softening is a localized softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or inflammation.

Cerebritis - Cerebritis is an infection of the brain that normally leads to the formation of an abscess within the brain itself.

Cerebrospinal fluid leak - A cerebrospinal fluid leak is a medical condition when the cerebrospinal fluid of a person leaks out of the dura mater.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, known also as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy, or Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, is a heterogeneous inherit...

Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome - Charcot-Wilbrand Syndrome consists of visual agnosia and loss of ability to revisualize images.

Childhood absence epilepsy - Childhood absence epilepsy, also known as pyknolepsy, is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy which occurs in otherwise normal children.

Chronic fatigue syndrome - Chronic fatigue syndrome is the most common name given to a variably debilitating disorder or disorders generally defined by persistent fatigue unrelated to exertion and not substantially reliev...

Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment - Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome is variable and uncertain, and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system but often can have central nervous system involvement.

Clinical descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome - The clinical descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome vary.

Clinically isolated syndrome - A clinically isolated syndrome is an individual's first neurological episode, caused by inflammation or demyelination of nerve tissue.

Cluster headache - Cluster headache, nicknamed "suicide headache", is a neurological disease that involves, as its most prominent feature, an immense degree of pain.

Cluster headache treatments - Cluster headache treatments are available that can assist a person who has cluster headaches.

CMV polyradiculomyelopathy - CMV polyradiculomyelopathy is one of the five distinct neurological syndromes caused by CMV in HIV/AIDS. It causes subacute ascending lower extremity weakness with paresthesias and radicular pai...

Cockayne syndrome - Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight, and premature aging.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis - Compensatory hyperhidrosis is a form of neuropathy.

Complex regional pain syndrome - Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic progressive disease characterized by severe pain, swelling and changes in the skin.

Compression neuropathy - Compression neuropathy, also known as entrapment neuropathy, is a medical condition caused by direct pressure on a single nerve.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis - Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is an extremely rare inherited disorder of the nervous system which prevents the sensation of pain, heat, and cold — or any real nerve-relate...

Congenital myasthenic syndrome - Congenital myasthenic syndrome is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by defects of several types at the neuromuscular junction.

Controversies related to chronic fatigue syndrome - Chronic fatigue syndrome is an illness with a long history of controversies.

Coprolalia - Coprolalia is involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks.

Copropraxia - Copropraxia is involuntarily performing obscene gestures.

Cortical spreading depression - Cortical spreading depression is a wave of hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition, usually in the visual cortex.

Cortical visual impairment - Cortical visual impairment is a form of visual impairment that is caused by a brain problem rather than an eye problem.

Corticobasal degeneration - Corticobasal degeneration is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia.

Dandy-Walker syndrome - Dandy-Walker syndrome, or Dandy-Walker complex, is a congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellum and the fluid filled spaces around it.

Dejerine Sottas syndrome - Dejerine-Sottas Syndrome/Neuropathy is an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive neuropathy.

Dementia with Lewy bodies - Dementia with Lewy bodies, also known under a variety of other names including Lewy body dementia, diffuse Lewy body disease, cortical Lewy body disease, and senile dementia...

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy - Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in the atrophin-1 protein.

Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis - Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis, sometimes referred to as "Schilder's disease", is a very infrequent neurodegenerative disease that presents clinically as pseudotumoural demyelinating lesions, ...

Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency - Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency is a condition involving inadequate Dopamine beta hydroxylase.

Dopamine-responsive dystonia - Dopamine-responsive dystonia, also known as hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation, Segawa's disease, or Segawa's dystonia, is a genetic movement disorder whi...

Dysarthria - Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury, characterised by poor articulation.

Dysautonomia - Dysautonomia is a broad term that describes any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

Dyschronometria - Dyschronometria is the medical term to describe a patient who is unable to accurately estimate the amount of time that has passed.

Dysgeusia - Dysgeusia is the distortion of the sense of taste.

Dysmetria - Dysmetria refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.

Dysprosody - Dysprosody is the rarest neurological speech disorder known.

Eating disorders - An eating disorder is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health.

Encephalitis - Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain.

Epilepsy - Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.

Episodic ataxia - Episodic ataxia is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia with or without myokymia.

Erb's palsy - Erb's Palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically, spinal roots C5-C7.

Erythromelalgia - Erythromelalgia, also known as acromelalgia, Mitchell's disease, red neuralgia, or erythermalgia, is a rare neurovascular peripheral nerve disorder in which blood vessels...

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy - Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder defined as an inborn error of metabolism.

Exploding head syndrome - Exploding head syndrome is a condition that causes the sufferer occasionally to experience a tremendously loud noise as originating from within his or her own head, usually described as the soun...

Extinction (neurology) - Extinction is a neurological disorder characterized by inability to recognize two simultaneous stimuli on opposite sides of the body, though either one can be sensed alone.

Facial nerve paralysis - Facial nerve paralysis is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve.

Fahr's syndrome - Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, also known as Fahr disease or Fahr’s Syndrome is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal depos...

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy - Familial amyloid polyneuropathy or Corino de Andrade's disease, a form of Paramyloidosis, is a neurodegenerative autosomal dominant genetically transmitted disease, first identified and de...

Familial dysautonomia - Familial dysautonomia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system which affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and senso...

Familial hemiplegic migraine - Familial hemiplegic migraine is an autosomal dominant classical migraine subtype that typically includes hemiparesis during the aura phase.

Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency - Familial Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease.

Flynn-Aird syndrome - Flynn-Aird Syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary degenerative neurological disorder characterized by early-onset dementia, ataxia, muscle wasting, skin atrophy, and eye abnormalities.

Focal dystonia - Focal dystonia is a neurological condition affecting a muscle or group of muscles in a part of the body causing an undesirable muscular contraction or twisting.

Focal epilepsy - Focal epilepsy, also called partial epilepsy, is a seizure disorder in which seizures are preceded by an isolated disturbance of a cerebral function.

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome - Foix-Alajouanine syndrome is a disorder caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord.

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome - Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, also known as bilateral anterior opercular syndrome is a partial paralysis of the face, pharynx and jaw caused by a loss of blood supply in a specific region o...

Foot drop - Foot drop is a deficit in turning the ankle and toes upward, known as dorsiflexion.

Fragile X syndrome - Fragile X syndrome, or Martin-Bell syndrome, is a genetic syndrome which results in a spectrum of characteristic physical, intellectual retardation, emotional and behavioral features which r...

Frontal lobe disorder - Frontal lobe disorder is an impairment of the frontal lobe that occurs as a result of a number of diseases as well as head trauma.

Functional neurological deficit - The diagnosis of Functional Neurological Deficit provides an umbrella term for a variety of symptoms of apparent neurological origin but which current models struggle to explain psychologically ...

Fungal meningitis - Fungal meningitis refers to meningitis caused by a fungal infection.

Galloway Mowat syndrome - Galloway Mowat syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, consisting of a variety of features including hiatal hernia, microcephaly and nephrotic syndrome.

General paresis of the insane - General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane or paralytic dementia, is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting the brain and central nervous system, caused by syphili...

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus - Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus is a syndromic autosomal dominant disorder where afflicted individuals can exhibit numerous epilepsy phenotypes.

Geniculate ganglionitis - Geniculate ganglionitis or Geniculate Neuralgia, also called nervus intermedius neuralgia, is a rare disorder that involves severe pain deep in the ear, that may spread to the ear ca...

Geniospasm - Geniospasm is movement disorder of the mentalis muscle.

Gluteal gait - Gluteal gait is an abnormal gait caused by neurological problems.

Gray matter heterotopia - Gray matter heterotopia is a neurological disorder caused by clumps of grey matter being located in the wrong part of the brain.

Guillain–Barré syndrome - Guillain–Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious proces...

Gulf War syndrome - Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness affects veterans and civilians who were near conflicts during, or downwind of a chemical weapons depot demolition after, the 1991 Gulf War.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy - Hashimoto's Encephalopathy is a very rare condition associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Headache - In medicine a headache or cephalalgia is a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head.

Hemiballismus - Hemiballismus is a very rare movement disorder.

Hemifacial spasm - Hemifacial spasm or HFS is a neurological disorder in which blood vessels constrict the seventh cranial nerve and cause varying degrees of facial spasming, typically originating around the...

Hemiparesis - Hemiparesis is weakness on one side of the body.

Hemispatial neglect - Hemispatial neglect, also called hemiagnosia, hemineglect, unilateral neglect, spatial neglect or neglect syndrome is a neuropsychological condition in which, after...

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy - Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are a group of neuropathies which are characterized by their impact upon both afferent and efferent neural communication.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy - Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy or hereditary sensory neuropathy is a condition used to describe any of the types of this disease which inhibit sensation.

History of chronic fatigue syndrome - The history of chronic fatigue syndrome is thought to date back to the 19th century and before.

Hopkins syndrome - Hopkins syndrome, sometimes called acute post-asthmatic amyotrophy, is an acute attack of muscle weakness that arises in a small number of patients with asthma, usually following a severe ...

Huntington's disease - Cuntington's disease, chorea, or disorder, is a progressive neurodegenerative genetic disorder, which affects muscle coordination and some cognitive functions, typically becoming not...

Huntington's disease clinical research - There are different therapies under investigation for Huntington's disease.

Hydranencephaly - Hydranencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder.

Hyperekplexia - Hyperekplexia is a neurologic disorder classically characterised by pronounced startle responses to tactile or acoustic stimuli and hypertonia.

Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy - Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy refers to a degeneration of the white matter of the brain following a sudden increase in blood pressure.

Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation - Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation is a form of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that has several similarities to disorders of ion channels, in particular to the muscle disorder hypokal...

Ideational apraxia - Ideational apraxia is a neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute the complex sequence of motor actions involving the use of tools or objects i...

Ideomotor apraxia - Ideomotor Apraxia, often IMA, is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to correctly imitate hand gestures and voluntarily pantomime tool use, e.g. pretend to brush one's hair.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy - Idiopathic generalized epilepsy is a group of epileptic disorders that are believed to have a strong underlying genetic basis.

Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases - Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases, sometimes known as Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis, is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different di...

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy - Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare pervasive developmental disorder that primarily affects the nervous system.

Infantile progressive bulbar palsy - Infantile Progressive Bulbar palsy is a rare type of progressive bulbar palsy that occurs in children.

Integrative agnosia - Integrative agnosia, as first defined by Riddoch and Humphreys, is the disability to recognize objects due to the inability to group and integrate the component parts of the object into a cohere...

Joswig syndrome - Joswig syndrome is a very rare presumably hereditary disorder, which belongs to the group of GM2 gangliosidoses and was first mentioned by H. Joswig M.D. in 1882.

Juvenile Primary Lateral Sclerosis - Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis , also known as primary lateral sclerois, is a rare genetic disorder, with a small number of reported cases, characterized by progressive weakness and stif...

Kennedy's disease - Kennedy's disease or X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or spinobulbar muscular atrophy or X-Linked bulbo-spinal atrophy is a neuromuscular disease associated with mut...

Kindling model - Kindling is a widely used model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioral involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly.

Konzo - Konzo is an epidemic paralytic disease.

La Crosse encephalitis - La Crosse encephalitis is an encephalitis caused by an arbovirus which has a mosquito vector.

Lafora disease - Lafora disease, also called Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy, is a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, known as Lafora bodies...

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects voltage-gated calcium channels on the pre-synaptic membrane of the nerve-muscle junction.

Laminopathy - Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina.

LENA Foundation - LENA Foundation is a developer of advanced technology for the early screening, diagnosis, research, and treatment of language delays and disorders in children and adults.

Leukodystrophy - Leukodystrophy refers to a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain.

Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter - Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is an autosomal recessive neurological disease.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease - Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a rare, slowly growing tumor of the cerebellum, sometimes considered as hamartoma, characterized by diffuse hypertrophy of the stratum granulosum of the cerebellum.

Lissencephaly - Lissencephaly, which literally means smooth brain, is a rare brain formation disorder caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation, resulting in a lack o...

Machado-Joseph disease - Machado-Joseph disease or Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is an extremely rare hereditary ataxia, which means a lack of muscle control.

Macropsia - Macropsia is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the subject to feel sm...

Manganism - Manganism or manganese poisoning is a toxic condition resulting from chronic exposure to manganese and first identified in 1837 by James Couper.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease - Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a progressive neurological disease characterized by corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis and subsequent atrophy.

McDonald criteria - The McDonald criteria are diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis.

Meckel syndrome - Meckel syndrome is a rare, lethal, ciliopathic, genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations, and hepatic developmental defects.

Medial medullary syndrome - Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hyploglossal alternating hemiplegia, or lower alternating hemiplegia, is a set of clinical features resu...

Megalencephaly - Megalencephaly is a condition in which there is an abnormally large brain.

Meningioma - Meningiomas are the second most common primary tumor of the central nervous system, arising from the arachnoid "cap" cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges.

Meningitis - Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

Meralgia paraesthetica - Meralgia paraesthetica, or meralgia paresthetica and Bernhardt-Roth syndrome, is numbness or pain in the outer thigh not caused by injury to the thigh, but by injury to a nerv...

Micropolygyria - Micropolygyria is a neuronal migration disorder, a developmental anomaly of the brain characterized by development of numerous small convolutions, causing mental retardation.

Micropsia - Micropsia is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are.

Migraine - Migraine is a neurological syndrome characterized by altered bodily perceptions, severe headaches, and nausea.

Migraine-associated vertigo - Migraine-associated vertigo is vertigo associated with a migraine, either as a symptom of migraine or as a related but distinct neurological disorder; when referred to as a disease unto itself, ...

Minamata disease - Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.

Mollaret's meningitis - Mollaret's meningitis is a recurrent inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

Morvan's syndrome - Morvan’s Syndrome, or Morvan’s fibrillary chorea, is a rare autoimmune disease named after nineteenth century French physician Augustin Marie Morvan.

Motion sickness - Motion sickness or kinetosis, also known as Travel Sickness, is a condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of mo...

Motor skills disorder - Motor skills disorder is a human developmental disorder that impairs motor coordination in daily activities.

Multi-infarct dementia - Multi-infarct dementia, also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease in older adults.

Multiple sclerosis - Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of ...

Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms - Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms, changes in sensation, muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in s...

Myelitis - Myelitis is a disease involving inflammation of the spinal cord, which disrupts central nervous system functions linking the brain and limbs.

Myoclonic dystonia - Myoclonic distonia or Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome is a rare syndrome having several subforms each traced to a different gene.

Myotonia congenita - Congenital myotonia is a genetic, neuromuscular channelopathy that affects muscles used for movement.

Möbius syndrome - Möbius syndrome is an extremely rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side.

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale - The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale is a method developed by the National Institutes of Health.

Nemaline myopathy - Nemaline myopathy is a congenital, hereditary neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness, generally nonprogressive, of varying severity.

Nerve compression syndrome - Nerve compression syndrome or compression neuropathy, also known as entrapment neuropathy, is a medical condition caused by direct pressure on a single nerve.

Neuralgia - Neuralgia is pain in one or more nerves that occurs without stimulation of pain receptor cells.

Neurasthenia - Neurasthenia is a psycho-pathological term first used by George Miller Beard in 1869 to denote a condition with symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, headache, neuralgia and depressed mood.

Neurodegenerative disease - Neurodegenerative disease is a condition in which cells of the brain and spinal cord are lost.

Neurodevelopmental disorder - A neurodevelopmental disorder, or disorder of neural development, is an impairment of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system.

Neurological disorder - A neurological disorder is a disorder of the body's nervous system.

Neuromyelitis optica - Devic's disease, also known as Devic's syndrome or neuromyelitis optica, is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder in which a person's own immune system attacks the optic nerves and sp...

Neuromyotonia - Neuromyotonia, also known as Isaacs' Syndrome, is spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis - Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments in the ...

Neurosarcoidosis - Neurosarcoidosis refers to sarcoidosis, a condition of unknown cause featuring granulomas in various tissues, involving the central nervous system.

Niemann-Pick disease, type C - Niemann-Pick type C is a lysosomal storage disease associated with mutations in NPC1 and NPC2 genes.

Niigata Minamata disease - Niigata Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.

Notalgia paresthetica - Notalgia paresthetica is a chronic sensory neuropathy.

Occipital neuralgia - Occipital neuralgia, also known as C2 neuralgia, Arnold's neuralgia, is a medical condition characterized by chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head and behind the eyes.

Ohtahara syndrome - Ohtahara syndrome, also known as Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Burst-Suppression, is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy.

Oligoastrocytoma - Oligoastrocytomas are a subset of brain tumor that present with an appearance of mixed glial cell origin, astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma.

Oligodendroglioma - Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell.

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy - Olivopontocerebellar atrophy is a term used to define neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum, pontine nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus.

Ontario Minamata disease - Ontario Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.

Optic nerve sheath meningioma - Optic nerve sheath meningiomas are rare benign tumors of the optic nerve.

Optic neuritis - Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy - Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy, also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especial...

Pachygyria - Pachygyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral hemisphere.

Palsy - In medicine, palsy is the paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by loss of sensation and by uncontrolled body movements, such as shaking.

Papillitis - Papillitis is the term for a specific type of optic neuritis.

Paralysis - Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups.

Paramyotonia congenita - Paramyotonia Congenita, also known as Paramyotonia congenita of von Eulenburg or Eulenburg disease, is a rare congenital autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder characterized by “p...

Parkinson plus syndrome - Parkinson-plus syndromes, also known as disorders of multiple system degeneration, are a group of neurodegenerative diseases featuring the classical features of Parkinson's disease with ad...

Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder - Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, originally named familial rectal pain syndrome, is a rare disorder whose most notable features are pain in the mandibular, ocular and rectal areas as well...

Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia - Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".

Pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome - The cause and development of chronic fatigue syndrome are unknown, but may involve multiple organ and body systems, including neurological factors, psychological and psychosocial factors or infl...

Peduncular hallucinosis - Peduncular hallucinosis, also known as Lhermitte's peduncular hallucinosis, is a rare neurological syndrome with a relatively rich series of detailed clinical case studies in the medical literature.

Perineodynia - Perineodynia means perineal pain and includes vulvodynia and proctalgia fugax.

Peripheral neuropathy - Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of the nerve or from the side-effects of systemic illness.

Phantom eye syndrome - The phantom eye syndrome is a phantom pain in the eye and visual hallucinations, after the removal of an eye.

Phantom limb - A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts.

Pick's disease - Pick's disease, also known as Pick disease and PiD, is a rare neurodegenerative disease.

Pineal gland cyst - A pineal gland cyst is a benign cyst in the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain.

Pinealoblastoma - Pinealoblastoma is a tumor of the pineal gland.

Pineocytoma - Pineocytoma, also known as a pinealocytoma, is a benign, slowly-growing tumor of the pineal gland.

Plexopathy - Plexopathy is a disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels.

POEMS syndrome - POEMS syndrome is a rare medical syndrome named for its main clinically recognizable features: Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy/Edema, M-protein and ...

Polyneuropathy - Polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder that occurs when many peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously.

Poser criteria - Poser criteria are diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis.

Posterior cortical atrophy - Posterior cortical atrophy, also called Benson's syndrome, is the visual variant of Alzheimer’s disease.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is a disease of the central nervous system caused by infection from Naegleria fowleri.

Progressive external ophthalmoplegia - Progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a disorder of the mitochondria.

Progressive inflammatory neuropathy - Progressive inflammatory neuropathy is a disease that was identified in a report, released on January 31, 2008, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease that is characterized by progressive damage or infla...

Pronator teres syndrome - Pronator teres syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the elbow.

Prosopagnosia - Prosopagnosia is a disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while the ability to recognize other objects may be relatively intact.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures - Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are events superficially resembling an epileptic seizure, but without the characteristic electrical discharges associated with epilepsy.

Pudendal nerve entrapment - Pudendal nerve entrapment is a source of chronic pain, in which the pudendal nerve is entrapped or compressed.

Pure autonomic failure - Pure autonomic failure, also known as Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome or idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, is a form of dysautonomia that first occurs in middle age or later in life; m...

Rasmussen's encephalitis - Rasmussen's encephalitis, also Chronic Focal Encephalitis, is a rare, progressive neurological disorder, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemipares...

Regressive autism - Regressive autism occurs when a child appears to develop typically but then starts to lose speech and social skills, typically between the ages of 15 and 30 months, and is subsequently diagnosed...

Retinal migraine - Retinal migraine is a retinal disease accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye.

Revesz syndrome - Revesz syndrome is a fatal disease that causes exudative retinopathy and bone marrow failure.

Rich focus - A Rich focus is a tuberculous granuloma occurring on the cortex of the brain that ruptures into the subarachnoid space, causing tuberculous meningitis.

Rolandic epilepsy - In neurology and pediatrics, benign rolandic epilepsy or benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood.

Schwannoma - A schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering peripheral nerves.

Schwannomatosis - Schwannomatosis is one form of a genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis that has only recently been recognized.

Scintillating scotoma - Scintillating scotoma is the most common visual aura preceding migraine and was first described by 19th century physician Hubert Airy.

Scotoma - A scotoma is characterized by an area of impaired or entirely degenerated visual acuity which is surrounded by a field of normal - or relatively well-preserved - vision.

Seasickness - Seasickness is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo, experienced after spending time on a craft on water.

Semantic dementia - Semantic dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of semantic memory in both the verbal and non-verbal domains.

Sensory processing disorder - Sensory processing disorder or SPD is a neurological disorder causing difficulties with processing information from the five senses, the sense of movement, and/or the positional sense.

Septo-optic dysplasia - Septo-optic dysplasia, also known as de Morsier syndrome is a congenital malformation syndrome made manifest by hypoplasia of the optic nerve and absence of the septum pellucidum.

Simulated presence therapy - Simulated presence therapy is an emotion-oriented non pharmacological intervention for people with dementia.

Simultanagnosia - Simultanagnosia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the inability of an individual to perceive more than a single object at a time; it is often a component of Bálint’s syndrome.

Sixth nerve palsy - Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI, which is responsible for contracting the lateral rectus muscle to abduct the eye.

Sluggish cognitive tempo - Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is an unformalized descriptive term which is used to better identify what appears to be a homogeneous sub-subgroup within the formal subgroup ADHD predominantly inattent...

Small fiber peripheral neuropathy - Small fiber peripheral neuropathy is a type of neuropathy.

Sopite syndrome - Sopite syndrome is a phrase coined by Graybiel & Knepton to characterize a poorly understood manifestation of motion sickness.

Space adaptation syndrome - Space adaptation syndrome or space sickness is a condition experienced by around half of space travelers during adaptation to microgravity.

Spastic diplegia - Spastic diplegia, historically known as Little's Disease, is a form of cerebral palsy that is a neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremitie...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13 - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized by dysarthria, nystagmus, and ataxia of gait, stance and the limbs due to c...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-6 - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 is a rare, late-onset, autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized by dysarthria, oculomotor disorders, incontinence, peripheral n...

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak - Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Syndrome is a medical condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid held in and around a human brain and spinal cord leaks out of the surrounding protective sac...

Stereotypic movement disorder - Stereotypic movement disorder is a disorder of childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior, that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury, and pers...

Subarachnoid hemorrhage - A subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain.

Subgaleal hemorrhage - Subgaleal hemorrhage or hematoma is bleeding in the potential space between the skull periosteum and the scalp galea aponeurosis.

Susac's syndrome - Susac's syndrome is a microangiopathy characterized by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions and hearing loss.

Sydenham's chorea - Sydenham's chorea or Chorea minor is a disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, feet and hands.

Syringomyelia - Syringomyelia is a generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord.

Tethered spinal cord syndrome - Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome or Occult Spinal Dysraphism Sequence is a rare neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal...

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia - Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neurological disorders like Parkinson's Disease, neur...

Thomsen disease - Thomsen disease, a form of Myotonia congenita, is a muscular genetic disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and an inability of the muscle to relax after a voluntary contraction.

Tick paralysis - Tick paralysis is the only tick-borne disease that is not caused by an infectious organism.

Timothy syndrome - Timothy syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by physical malformations, as well as neurological and developmental defects, including heart QT-prolongation, heart arrhythm...

Tourette syndrome - Tourette syndrome is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple physical tics and at least one vocal tic; these tics characteristic...

Toxic leukoencephalopathy - Toxic leukoencephalopathy or toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy is a condition that is characterized by progressive damage, of the white matter of the brain due to ingested toxins.

Train to End Stroke - Train To End Stroke is an endurance training and fund-raising program, benefiting the American Stroke Association, a division of the American Heart Association, in which participants train t...

Trigeminal neuralgia - Trigeminal neuralgia, tic douloureux is a neuropathic disorder of one or both of the trigeminal nerves.

Trinucleotide repeat disorder - Trinucleotide repeat disorders are a set of genetic disorders caused by trinucleotide repeats in certain genes exceeding the normal, stable, threshold, which differs per gene.

Triparesis - Triparesis is a medical condition, similar to triplegia, but the major difference between the two is primarily that triplegia is total loss of function in three limbs, and triparesis denotes wea...

Triplegia - Triplegia is a medical condition is which the patient has paralysis of three limbs.

Uhthoff's phenomenon - Uhthoff's phenomenon is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis when the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, fever, or saunas and hot tubs.

Unverricht-Lundborg disease - Unverricht-Lundborg disease is the most common form of an uncommon group of genetic epilepsy disorders called progressive myoclonic epilepsy.

Validation therapy - Validation therapy was developed by Naomi Feil for older people with cognitive impairments and dementia.

Vertebral artery dissection - Vertebral artery dissection or VA dissection is the development of dissection in the vertebral artery.

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency - Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, or vertebral basilar ischemia, refers to a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain.

Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis - Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis is a fatal progressive neurological disorder found only in the Sakha population of central Siberia.

Visual agnosia - Visual agnosia is the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces.

Visual extinction - Visual extinction is a neurological disorder which occurs following damage to the parietal lobe of the brain.

Wallerian degeneration - Wallerian degeneration is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell nucleus degenerates.

Wernicke's encephalopathy - Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and impairment of short-term memory.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a manifestation of thiamine deficiency, or beriberi.

West syndrome - West syndrome or West's Syndrome is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants.

Wilson's disease - Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms ...

Wolman disease - Wolman disease is a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disease that is usually fatal at a very young age.

Zaspopathy - Zaspopathy, also called ZASP-related myofibril myopathy, is a novel autosomal dominant form of progressive muscular dystrophy, first described in 2005.

Zenker's paralysis - Zenker's paralysis is a palsy of the peroneal nerve.