Neurological disorders

Abarognosis
Abarognosis (origin Greek "a" not, "baros" weight, "gnosis" knowledge.) is a loss of the ability to detect the weight of an object held in the hand or to tell the difference in weight between tw...

Abasia
Abasia (from Greek: a-, without and basis, step) is the inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination.

Aboulia
Aboulia or Abulia (from the Greek "αβουλία", meaning "un-will"), in neurology, refers to a lack of will or initiative and is one of the Disorders of Diminished Motivation or DDM. Aboulia ...

Absence seizure
Absence seizures are one of several kinds of seizures.

Acalculia
Acalculia is an acquired impairment in which patients have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying and even simply stating which of two numbers ...

Accessory nerve disorder
Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause an accessory nerve disorder or spinal accessory nerve palsy, which results in diminished or absent function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle...

Acquired brain injury
An acquired brain injury is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia.

Acquired non-inflammatory myopathy
Acquired non-inflammatory myopathy is a neurological condition that occurs most commonly due to hyperthyroidism and high-dosage steroid treatment.

Actigraphy
Actigraphy is a relatively non-invasive method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles.

Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood
Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood is a childhood condition characterized by an unsteady gait, most likely secondary to an autoimmune of postinfectious cause.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of the brain.

Acute motor axonal neuropathy
Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Adie syndrome
Adie syndrome, sometimes known as Holmes-Adie's syndrome or Adie's Tonic Pupil, is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil.

Adiposogenital dystrophy
Adiposogenital dystrophy is a condition which may be caused by secondary hypogonadism originating from decreased levels in GnRH. Low levels of GnRH has been associated with defects of the feedin...

Adult-onset basal ganglia disease
Adult-onset basal ganglia disease or neuroferritinopathy is a disorder caused by abnormal iron accumulation in the basal ganglia due to mutations in FTL gene.

Agnosia
Agnosia is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.

Agrammatism
Agrammatism is a form of expressive aphasia that refers to the inability to speak in a grammatically correct fashion.

Aicardi syndrome
Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized by the partial or complete absence of a key structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, the presence of retinal abno...

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome is a rare genetic disorder.

Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome
Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome is a rare genetic disorder.

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome is a rare genetic disorder.

Airsickness
Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel.

Akathisia
Akathisia, or acathisia, is a syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of "inner" restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless.

Akinetic mutism
Akinetic mutism is a medical term describing patients tending neither to speak nor move.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is the set of symptoms seen when an individual reduces or stops alcohol consumption after prolonged periods of excessive alcohol intake.

Alcoholic hallucinosis
Alcoholic hallucinosis (or alcohol-related psychosis) is a complication of alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics.

Alcoholic polyneuropathy
Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which multiple peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously.

Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS, named after the novel written by Lewis Carroll), also known as Todd's syndrome, is a disorienting neurological condition which affects human perce...

Alien hand syndrome
Alien hand syndrome (also known as anarchic hand or Dr. Strangelove syndrome) is a neurological disorder in which the afflicted person's hand appears to take on a mind of its own.

Allochiria
Allochiria (from the Greek meaning "other hand") is associated to spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body (or of the space) to the opposite one.

Altered level of consciousness
An altered level of consciousness is any measure of arousal other than normal.

Alternating hemiplegia
Alternating hemiplegia refers to a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral and contralateral presentation in different parts of the body.

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare neurological disorder of uncertain etiology, which is named for the transient episodes, often referred to as attacks, of hemiplegia from...

Alternative names for chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the name currently used by the majority of the medical and scientific community to describe a condition or set of conditions characterized by fatigue and ...

Amaurosis
Amaurosis (Greek meaning darkening, dark, or obscure) is vision loss or weakness that occurs without an apparent lesion affecting the eye.

Amusia
Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch, but it also encompasses musical memory and recognition.

Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neuro-genetic disorder characterized by intellectual and developmental delay, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements (especially hand-flapping), frequent laught...

Aniridia
Aniridia is the absence of the iris.

Anosmia
Anosmia is a lack of functioning olfaction, or in other words, an inability to perceive odors.

Anosodiaphoria
Anosodiaphoria is a condition in which a person who suffers disability due to brain injury seems indifferent to the existence of their handicap.

Anosognosia
Anosognosia /ano·sog·no·sia/ (an-o″so-no´zhah) is a condition in which a person who suffers disability seems unaware of the existence of his or her disability.

Anterior interosseous syndrome
Anterior interosseous syndrome or Kiloh-Nevin syndrome I is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve, a motor branch of the median nerve, causes pain in the ...

Anti-MAG Peripheral Neuropathy
Anti-MAG Peripheral Neuropathy is a specific type of peripheral neuropathy in which the person’s own immune system attacks cells that are specific in maintaining a healthy nervous system.

Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS or APLS) or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a disorder of coagulation that causes blood clots (thrombosis) in both arteries and veins as well as pregna...

Anton-Babinski syndrome
Anton–Babinski syndrome is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe.

Anton–Babinski syndrome
Anton–Babinski syndrome is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe.

Aphasia
Aphasia is an impairment of language ability.

Apotemnophilia
Apotemnophilia is a neurological disorder in which otherwise sane and rational individuals express a strong and specific desire for the amputation of a healthy limb or limbs.

Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
Babinski-Nageotte syndrome, sometimes called Babinski syndrome, is an alternating brainstem syndrome.

Balance disorder
A balance disorder is a woman that refuses to obey, for example when standing or walking.

Balo concentric sclerosis
Balo concentric sclerosis is one of the borderline forms of multiple sclerosis.

Basal ganglia disease
Basal ganglia disease refers to a group of physical dysfunctions that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to pr...

Basilar invagination
Basilar invagination occurs when the top of the C2 vertebrae migrates upward.

Behr syndrome
Behr syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder named after Carl Behr, who first described it in 1909.

Bell's palsy
Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in the inability to control facial muscles on the affected side.

Benign familial neonatal convulsions
Benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) aka Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of epilepsy.

Benign fasciculation syndrome
Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by fasciculation (twitching) of various voluntary muscles in the body.

Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is a condition during which a person is dependent on benzodiazepine drugs.

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome—often abbreviated to benzo withdrawal—is the cluster of symptoms which appear when a person who has taken benzodiazepines long term and has developed ben...

Bickerstaff's encephalitis
Bickerstaff's encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, first described by Edwin Bickerstaff.

Binswanger's disease
Binswanger's disease is a form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter.

Bobble-head doll syndrome
Bobble-head doll syndrome is a rare neurological movement disorder in which patients, usually children around age 3, begin to bob their head and shoulders forward and back, or sometimes side-to-...

Borna disease
Borna disease is an infectious neurological syndrome of warm-blooded animals, caused by Borna disease virus, which causes abnormal behaviour and fatality.

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination or BDAE is a test used to evaluate adults suspected of having aphasia, and is currently in its third edition.

Brachial plexus injury
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord, which is housed in the spinal canal of the vertebral column, to the shoulder, arm and hand.

Bradyphrenia
Bradyphrenia is a neurological term referring to the slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain.

Brain abscess
Brain abscess is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources, within the brain tissue.

Brain metastasis
A brain metastasis is a cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body.

Bromism
Bromism is the syndrome which results from the long-term use of the potassium bromide based sedatives.

Brown-Séquard syndrome
Brown-Séquard syndrome, also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia and Brown-Séquard's paralysis, is a loss of sensation and motor function (paralysis and ataxia) that is caused by the...

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome
The Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVL), sometimes better known as Brown's Syndrome, is an exceptionally rare neurological disorder of unknown cause, characterized primarily by deafness and...

Brudziński cheek sign
The Brudziński cheek sign or Brudziński's cheek phenomenon is a clinical sign in which pressure on the cheek elicits a reflex rise and flexion of the forearm.

Brudziński neck sign
The Brudziński neck sign or Brudziński's symptom is a clinical sign in which forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips.

Brudziński symphyseal sign
The Brudziński symphyseal sign is a clinical sign in which pressure on the pubic symphysis elicits a reflex flexion of the hip and knee, and abduction of the leg.

Bruns ataxia
Bruns ataxia, also known as Bruns gait apraxia, frontal ataxia or magnetic gait, is a form of ataxia found in patients with bilateral frontal lobe disorders.

Bulbar palsy
Bulbar palsy refers to bilateral impairment of function of the cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII, which occurs due to lower motor neuron lesion either at nuclear or fascicular level in the medull...

Bálint's syndrome
Bálint's syndrome is an uncommon and incompletely understood triad of severe neuropsychological impairments: inability to perceive the visual field as a whole (simultanagnosia), difficulty in fi...

CADASIL syndrome
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is the most common form of hereditary stroke disord...

CAMFAK syndrome
CAMFAK syndrome (or CAMAK syndrome) is an acronym used to describe a rare inherited neurologic disease, characterized by peripheral and central demyelination of nerves, similar to that see...

Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of the inner surface (lumen) of the carotid artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis.

Catamenial epilepsy
Catamenial epilepsy is a subtype of epilepsy, which is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.

Cavernous hemangioma
Cavernous angioma, also known as cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), cavernous haemangioma, and cavernoma, is a vascular disorder that alternately has been classified as ne...

Central facial palsy
Central facial palsy, (colloquially referred to as central seven) is a symptom or finding characterized by paralysis or paresis of the lower half of one side of the face.

Central pontine myelinolysis
Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurologic disease caused by severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the area termed the pons.

Cerebellar abiotrophy
Cerebellar abiotrophy (CA), also referred to as the cerebellar cortical abiotrophy (CCA), which is a genetic neurological disease in animals best known to affect certain breeds of horses...

Cerebellar hypoplasia
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a developmental disorder characterized by the incomplete or underdevelopment of the cerebellum.

Cerebellar hypoplasia (non-human)
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a disorder found in cats and dogs in which the cerebellum is not completely mature at birth.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system.

Cerebral aneurysm
A cerebral or brain aneurysm is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel.

Cerebral hypoxia
Cerebral hypoxia refers to a reduced supply of oxygen to the brain.

Cerebral softening
In medicine, Cerebral softening (encephalomalacia) is a localized softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or inflammation.

Cerebral vasculitis
Cerebral vasculitis or central nervous system vasculitis (sometimes the word angiitis is used instead of "vasculitis") is vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel wall) involving...

Cerebritis
Cerebritis is an infection of the brain that normally leads to the formation of an abscess within the brain itself.

Cerebrospinal fluid leak
A cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSFL) is a medical condition when the cerebrospinal fluid of a person leaks out of the dura mater.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), known also as Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), here...

Charcot-Marie–Tooth disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, known also as Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, hereditary sensorimotor neuro...

Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome
Charcot-Wilbrand Syndrome consists of visual agnosia and loss of ability to revisualize images.

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), known also as Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), here...

Cheiralgia paresthetica
Cheiralgia paresthetica is a neuropathy of the hand generally caused by compression or trauma to the superficial branch of the radial nerve.

Childhood absence epilepsy
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), also known as pyknolepsy, is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy which occurs in otherwise normal children.

Choreoathetosis
Choreoathetosis is the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea and athetosis.

Choroid plexus papilloma
A Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare, slow-growing, histologically benign intracranial neoplasm or tumor that is commonly located in the ventricular system of the choroid plexus.

Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the most common name used to designate a significantly debilitating medical disorder or group of disorders generally defined by persistent fatigue accomp...

Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment
Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is variable and uncertain, and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system.

Chronic wasting disease
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of mule deer, whitetailed deer, elk (wapiti), and moose.

Clinical descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome
The clinical descriptions of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) vary.

Clinically isolated syndrome
A clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an individual's first neurological episode, caused by inflammation or demyelination of nerve tissue.

Clouding of Consciousness
Clouding of consciousness, also known as mental fog, is an abnormal state of consciousness in which the patient or sufferer has inattention, difficulty concentrating, difficulty thinking c...

Cluster headache treatments
Cluster headache treatments are available that can assist a person who has cluster headaches.

CMV polyradiculomyelopathy
CMV polyradiculomyelopathy (PRAM) is one of the five distinct neurological syndromes caused by CMV in HIV/AIDS. It causes subacute ascending lower extremity weakness with paresthesias and radicu...

Cockayne syndrome
Cockayne syndrome (also called Weber-Cockayne syndrome, or Neill-Dingwall Syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired develo...

Cognitive dysfunction
Cognitive dysfunction is defined as unusually poor mental function, associated with confusion, forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating.

Colloid cyst
A colloid cyst is a cyst containing gelatinous material in the brain.

Colpocephaly
Colpocephaly refers to an abnormal appearance of the brain in which there is asymmetric dilatation of its lateral ventricle occipital horns, but with normal caliber frontal horns.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis
Compensatory hyperhidrosis is a form of neuropathy.

Complex partial seizure
A complex partial seizure makes no sense.

Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by severe pain, swelling and changes in the skin.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is an extremely rare inherited disorder of the nervous system which prevents the sensation of pain, heat, cold, or any real nerve-related sen...

Congenital myasthenic syndrome
Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by defects of several types at the neuromuscular junction.

Controversies related to chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness with a long history of controversies.

Convulsion
A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.

Coprographia
Coprographia is involuntarily making vulgar writings or drawings.

Coprolalia
Coprolalia is involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks.

Copropraxia
Copropraxia is involuntarily performing obscene or forbidden gestures.

Cortical spreading depression
Cortical spreading depression is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition, usually in the visual cortex.

Deep dyslexia
Deep dyslexia is a form of alexia that disrupts reading processes that were functioning normally before the individual suffered a head trauma to the left hemisphere.

Dejerine-Sottas disease
Dejerine-Sottas disease, also Dejerine-Sottas syndrome or Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy (hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy type III; sometimes also described as a subtype III ...

Delirium tremens
Delirium tremens (Latin for "shaking frenzy", also referred to as The DTs, "the horrors" or "the shakes.

Dementia
Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging.

Demyelinating disease
A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.

Dennie-Marfan syndrome
Dennie-Marfan syndrome is a syndrome in which there is association of spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs and mental retardation in children with congenital syphilis.

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in the atrophin-1 protein.

Developmental topographical disorientation
Developmental Topographical Disorientation, also known as DTD, is caused by the inability to segregate landmarks and derive navigational information from them, navigate through a non-verba...

Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus.

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
In nephrology, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, commonly abbreviated DDS, is the occurrence of neurologic signs and symptoms, attributed to cerebral edema, during or following shortly aft...

Directed attention fatigue
Directed Attention Fatigue (DAF) is a neurological phenomenon that results from overuse of the brain’s inhibitory attention mechanisms, which handle incoming distractions while maintaining focus...

Dissociated sensory loss
Dissociated sensory loss is a pattern of neurological damage caused by a lesion to a single tract in the spinal cord which involves selective loss of fine touch and proprioception without'...

Dizziness
Dizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability.

Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), sometimes known as hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in Parkinson's disease, is a dysfunction of the reward system in subjects with Parkinson's di...

Dopamine-responsive dystonia
Dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation, Segawa's disease, or Segawa's dystonia, is a genetic movement ...

Dysarthria
Dysarthria ('dys' meaning 'having a problem with'; 'arthr' meaning 'articulating') is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor-speech system...

Dysautonomia
Dysautonomia is a broad term that describes any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability involving innate difficulty in learning or comprehending simple arithmetic.

Dyschronometria
Dyschronometria is the medical term to describe a patient who is unable to accurately estimate the amount of time that has passed.

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, commonly abbreviated DNT or DNET, is a type of brain tumour.

Dysesthesia
Dysesthesia comes from the Greek word "dys", meaning "bad" and "aesthesis", which means "sensation".

Dysgeusia
Dysgeusia is the distortion of the sense of taste.

Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements, similar to tics or choreia.

Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a very broad term defining a learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or comprehension accuracy in being able to read, and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with p...

Dysmetria
Dysmetria (difficult to measure) refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.

Dysosmia
Dysosmia, also known as olfactory dysfunction, is the impairment of olfactory stimuli processing leading to an altered sense of smell.

Dysprosody
Dysprosody, which is also known as pseudo-foreign dialect syndrome, refers to a disorder in which one or more of the prosodic functions are either compromised or eliminated completely.

Dystonia
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

Eating disorder
Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions defined by abnormal do you like to party? eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an indiv...

Empty sella syndrome
Empty sella syndrome (abbreviated ESS) is a disorder that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland.

Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain.

Encephalitis lethargica
Encephalitis lethargica or von Economo disease is an atypical form of encephalitis.

Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy means disorder or disease of the brain.

Enteric neuropathy
Enteric neuropathy is a degenerative neuromuscular condition of the digestive system.

Episodic ataxia
Episodic ataxia (EA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia (severe discoordination) with or without myokymia (continuous muscle movement).

Erb's palsy
Erb's palsy (Erb-Duchenne Palsy) is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the upper trunk C5-C6 is severed.

Ergotism
Ergotism is the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus which infects rye and other cereals, and mo...

Erythromelalgia
Erythromelalgia, also known as Mitchell's disease, acromelalgia, red neuralgia, or erythermalgia, is a rare neurovascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels,...

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder defined as an inborn error of metabolism.

Exploding head syndrome
Exploding head syndrome is a parasomnia condition that causes the sufferer occasionally to experience a tremendously loud noise as originating from within his or her own head, usually described ...

Extinction (neurology)
Extinction is a neurological disorder characterized by inability to recognize two simultaneous stimuli on opposite sides of the body, though either one can be sensed alone.

Facial nerve paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve.

Fahr's syndrome
Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, also known as Fahr disease or Fahr’s Syndrome is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal depos...

Familial amyloid neuropathy
The familial amyloid neuropathies are a rare group of autosomal dominant neuropathies of autonomic and other nerves caused by protein aggregation and/or amyloid fibril formation.

Familial dysautonomia
Familial dysautonomia (FD, sometimes called Riley–Day syndrome) is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system which affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic and s...

Familial hemiplegic migraine
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominant classical migraine subtype that typically includes hemiparesis (weakness of half the body) during the aura phase.

Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency
Familial Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease.

Febrile seizure
A febrile seizure, also known as a fever fit or febrile convulsion, is a convulsion associated with a significant rise in body temperature.

Flynn–Aird syndrome
Flynn-Aird Syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary degenerative neurological disease involving defects in the nervous, auditory, skeletal, visual, and endocrine systems.

Focal dystonia
Focal dystonia is a neurological condition that affects a muscle or group of muscles in a part of the body and causes an involuntary muscular contraction or twisting.

Focal epilepsy
Focal epilepsy, also called partial epilepsy, is a seizure disorder in which seizures are preceded by an isolated disturbance of a cerebral function.

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome
Foix-Alajouanine syndrome is a disorder caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord.

Foix–Chavany–Marie syndrome
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, also known as bilateral anterior opercular syndrome is a partial paralysis of the face, pharynx and jaw caused by bilateral damage to a specific region of the ...

Folderism
Folderism is the term describing the desire of an individual to segregate each item of a matching set into its own compartment.

Foot drop
Foot drop is the dropping of the forefoot due to weakness, damage to the paroneal nerve or paralysis of the muscles down the front of the lower leg.

Forced normalization
In neuropsychiatry, a forced normalization is a specific phenomenon, described by normalizing the EEG results of seriously ill epileptic patients with psychotic symptoms.

Foster Kennedy syndrome
Foster Kennedy syndrome (also known as Gowers-Paton-Kennedy syndrome, Kennedy's phenomenon or Kennedy's syndrome) refers to a constellation of findings associated with tumors o...

FOUR score
The FOUR Score is a clinical grading scale designed for use by medical professionals in the assessment of patients with impaired level of consciousness.

Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome, Martin–Bell syndrome, or Escalante's syndrome, is a genetic syndrome that is the most common known single-gene cause of autism and the most common inherited cause...

Frontal lobe disorder
Frontal lobe disorder is an impairment of the frontal lobe that occurs as a result of a number of diseases as well as head trauma.

Frontal lobe epilepsy
Frontal lobe epilepsy, or FLE, is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping.

Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome caused by degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain and may extend back to the temporal lobe.

Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17
Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder, which has three cardinal features: behavioral and personality chan...

Functional neurological deficit
The diagnosis of Functional Neurological Deficit provides an umbrella term for a variety of symptoms of apparent neurological origin but which current models struggle to explain psychologically ...

Fungal meningitis
Fungal meningitis refers to meningitis caused by a fungal infection.

Fusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms
Fusiform dolichoectatic aneurysms are another type of brain aneurysm.

Galloway Mowat syndrome
Galloway Mowat syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, consisting of a variety of features including hiatal hernia, microcephaly and nephrotic syndrome.

Ganglioglioma
Ganglioglioma is a tumour that arises from ganglion cells in the central nervous system.

Ganglioneuroma
Ganglioneuroma is a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells.

General paresis of the insane
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane or paralytic dementia, is a neuropsychiatric disorder affecting the brain and central nervous system, caused by syphili...

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a syndromic autosomal dominant disorder where afflicted individuals can exhibit numerous epilepsy phenotypes.

Geniculate ganglionitis
Geniculate ganglionitis or Geniculate Neuralgia (GN), also called nervus intermedius neuralgia, is a rare disorder that involves severe pain deep in the ear, that may spread to the e...

Geniospasm
Geniospasm is movement disorder of the mentalis muscle.

Giant axonal neuropathy
Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare, autosomal recessive neurological disorder that causes disorganization of neurofilaments.

Giant cell arteritis
Giant-cell arteritis (GCA or temporal arteritis) is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly involving large and medium arteries of the head.

Giant-cell arteritis
Giant-cell arteritis or Horton disease is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly involving large and medium arteries of the head.

Giant-cell glioblastoma
The giant-cell glioblastoma is a histological variant of glioblastoma, presenting a prevalence of bizarre, multinucleated (more than 20 nuclei) giant (up to 400 μm diameter) cells.

Glial tumor
Glial tumor is a general term for numerous tumors of the central nervous system, including astrocytomas, ependymal tumors, glioblastoma multiforme, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.

Glioblastoma multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, involving glial cells and accounting for 52% of all parenchymal brain tumor ca...

Glioma
A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the brain or spine.

Gliosis
Gliosis is a proliferation of astrocytes in damaged areas of the central nervous system (CNS).

Gluteal gait
Gluteal gait is an abnormal gait caused by neurological problems.

Gray matter heterotopia
Gray matter heterotopia is a neurological disorder caused by clumps of grey matter being located in the wrong part of the brain.

Grinker myelinopathy
Grinker myelinopathy is the eponym given to the neuropathological phenomenon of white matter destruction occurring weeks after carbon monoxide poisoning.

Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), sometimes Landry's paralysis, is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.

Guillain–Barré syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), sometimes Landry's paralysis, is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.

Gulf War syndrome
Gulf War syndrome or Gulf War illness describes a medical condition that affected veterans and civilians who were near conflicts during or downwind of chemical weapons depot demolition, a...

Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Hashimoto's Encephalopathy is a very rare condition associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Headache
A headache or cephalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.

Hemiballismus
Hemiballismus is a very rare movement disorder.

Hemihypesthesia
Hemihypesthesia is a reduction in sensitivity on one side of the body.

Hemiparesis
Hemiparesis is weakness on one side of the body.

Hemispatial neglect
Hemispatial neglect, also called hemiagnosia, hemineglect, unilateral neglect, spatial neglect, visual inattention or neglect syndrome is a neuropsychological...

Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy (also known as portosystemic encephalopathy) is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness and coma as a result of liver failure.

Hereditary CNS demyelinating disease
A Hereditary CNS demyelinating disease is a demyelinating central nervous system disease that is primarily due to an inherited genetic condition.

Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy is a rare, fatal amyloid disease in young people in Iceland caused by a mutation in cystatin C. Most of the families with the defect gene can be traced ...

Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebral white matter degeneration with axonal spheroids leading to progressive cogni...

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formati...

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) are a group of neuropathies which are characterized by their impact upon both afferent and efferent neural communication.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy
Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy (HNPP) is a peripheral neuropathy (disorder of the nerves).

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) or hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) is a condition used to describe any of the types of this disease which inhibit sensation.

History of chronic fatigue syndrome
The history of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS, also known by many other names) is thought to date back to the 19th century and before.

Holmes tremor
Holmes' tremor is a combination of rest, action, and postural tremors.

Hopkins syndrome
The cause of Hopkins syndrome has not been established, but its association with asthma exacerbations (usually with a respiratory infection as a trigger) has led to suspicion that the initial vi...

Horner's syndrome
Horner's syndrome is the combination of drooping of the eyelid and constriction of the pupil, sometimes accompanied by decreased sweating of the face on the same side; redness of the conjunctiva...

Huntington's disease clinical research
There are different therapies under investigation for Huntington's disease.

Hyperekplexia
Hyperekplexia (literally meaning "exaggerated surprise") is a neurologic disorder classically characterised by pronounced startle responses to tactile or acoustic stimuli and hypertonia.

Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is the condition characterized by abnormally increased perspiration, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.

Hyperkinesia
Hyperkinesia, also known as hyperkinesis, refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both.

Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy
Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy refers to a degeneration of the white matter of the brain following a sudden increase in blood pressure.

Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation
Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation is a form of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that has several similarities to disorders of ion channels, in particular to the muscle disorder hypokal...

Hypsarrhythmia
Hypsarrhythmia is an abnormal interictal pattern, consisting of high amplitude and irregular waves and spikes in a background of chaotic and disorganized activity seen on electroencephalogram, f...

Ideational apraxia
Ideational apraxia (IA) is a neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize, plan, and execute the complex sequence of motor actions involving the use of tools or obje...

Ideomotor apraxia
Ideomotor Apraxia, often IMA, is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to correctly imitate hand gestures and voluntarily pantomime tool use, e.g. pretend to brush one's hair.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is a group of epileptic disorders that are believed to have a strong underlying genetic basis.

Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs), sometimes known as borderline forms of multiple sclerosis, is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered diff...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), sometimes called by the older names benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) or pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), is a neurological disorder that i...

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare pervasive developmental disorder that primarily affects the nervous system.

Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
Infantile Progressive Bulbar palsy is a rare type of progressive bulbar palsy that occurs in children.

Integrative agnosia
Integrative agnosia, as first defined by Riddoch and Humphreys (1987), is the disability to recognize objects due to the inability to group and integrate the component parts of the object into a...

Intention tremor
Intention tremor, also known as cerebellar tremor, is a dyskenetic disorder characterized by a broad, course, and low frequency (below 5 Hz) tremor of increasing amplitude as an extremity a...

Intracranial berry aneurysm
An intracranial berry aneurysm, also known as a saccular aneurysm, is a sac-like outpouching in a cerebral blood vessel, which can seem berry-shaped, hence the name.

Intracranial dolichoectasias
The term dolichoectasia means elongation and distension.

Intracranial hypertension syndrome
Intracranial hypertension syndrome is characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure, papilledema, and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or...

Ipsilateral hemiparesis
Ipsilateral hemiparesis is a lesion that appears in the upper cervical spine and causes hemiparesis.

Ipsilateral monoparesis
Ipsilateral monoparesis is a neurological term for a unilateral (one-sided) lesion in the spinal cord below the neck.

Joswig syndrome
Joswig syndrome is a very rare presumably hereditary disorder, which belongs to the group of GM2 gangliosidoses and was first mentioned by H. Joswig M.D. in 1882.

Joubert syndrome
Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cerebellum, an area of the brain that controls balance and coordination.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a fairly common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, representing 5-10% of all epilepsies.

Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis
Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS) , also known as primary lateral sclerois (PLSJ), is a rare genetic disorder, with a small number of reported cases, characterized by progressi...

Karak syndrome
Karak syndrome is a novel and a member of the growing family of neurological diseases involving excess cerebral iron accumulation.

Kernicterus
Kernicterus is damage to the brain centers of infants caused by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin.

Kindling model
Kindling is a commonly used model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioral involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly.

Konzo
Konzo is an epidemic paralytic disease first described by G. Trolli in 1938, who discovered it amongst the Kwango of the Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of Congo).

Korsakoff's syndrome
Korsakoff's syndrome (also called Korsakoff's dementia, Korsakov's syndrome, Korsakoff's psychosis, or amnesic-confabulatory syndrome) is a neurological disorder caused b...

La Crosse encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis is an encephalitis caused by an arbovirus (the La Crosse virus) which has a mosquito vector ( Ochlerotatus triseriatus synonym Aedes triseriatus).

Lafora disease
Lafora disease, also called Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy, is a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, known as Lafora bodies...

Laminopathy
Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina.

Landau-Kleffner syndrome
Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS), also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia or aphasia with convulsive disorder, is a rare, childhood neurological syndrome.

Leigh's disease
Leigh's disease, also known as Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy, is a rare neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system.

LENA Foundation
LENA Foundation is a developer of advanced technology for the early screening, research, and treatment of language delays and disorders in young children.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS), also known as Lennox syndrome, is a difficult-to-treat form of childhood-onset epilepsy that most often appears between the second and sixth year of life, and ...

Leukodystrophy
Leukodystrophy refers to a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the white matter of the brain.

Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids
Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids is a special kind of leukoencephalopathy.

Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM disease) is an autosomal recessive neurological disease.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease
Lhermitte-Duclos disease (dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, LDD) is a rare, slowly growing tumor of the cerebellum, sometimes considered as hamartoma, characterized by diffuse hypertro...

Lhermitte–Duclos disease
Lhermitte-Duclos disease (dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, LDD) is a rare, slowly growing tumor of the cerebellum, sometimes considered as hamartoma, characterized by diffuse hypertro...

Longitudinal callosal fascicle
Longitudinal callosal fascicles (or Probst bundles) are abnormal collections of brain cells characteristic of patients with Agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Low pressure hydrocephalus
Low-pressure hydrocephalus is a condition whereby ventricles are enlarged and the individual experiences severe dementia, inability to walk, and incontinence - despite very low intracranial pressure.

Lumbar spinal stenosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord and nerves at the level of the lumbar vertebra.

Lytico-Bodig disease
Lytico-Bodig disease, sometimes spelled Lytigo-bodig is a neurological disease of uncertain aetiology that exists on the island of Guam.

Macropsia
Macropsia is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the subject to feel sm...

Manganism
Manganism or manganese poisoning is a toxic condition resulting from chronic exposure to manganese and first identified in 1837 by James Couper.

Marche a petit pas
Marche à petits pas mahrsh ah puh-TEE PAH
“gait with little steps” is a type of gait disorder characterised by an abnormal short stepped gait with upright stance (in strict sense, as opposed...

Marchiafava-Bignami disease
Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a progressive neurological disease characterized by corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis and subsequent atrophy.

McDonald criteria
The McDonald criteria are diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS).

Meckel syndrome
Meckel syndrome (also known as Meckel–Gruber Syndrome, Gruber Syndrome, Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica) is a rare, lethal, ciliopathic, genetic disorder, characterized by renal...

Medial medullary syndrome
Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hypoglossal alternating hemiplegia, lower alternating hemiplegia, or Dejerine syndrome, is a type ...

Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant primary brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum or posterior fossa.

Medulloepithelioma
Medulloepithelioma is a rare, primitive, fast growing brain tumour thought to stem from cells of the embryonic medullary cavity.

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC, or Van der Knaap disease) is a form of hereditary CNS demyelinating disease.

Meige's syndrome
Meige's syndrome is a type of dystonia.

Meningioma
Meningiomas are the second most common primary neoplasm of the central nervous system, arising from the arachnoid "cap" cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges.

Meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

Mental confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, noun of action from confundere "to pour together", also "to confuse") of a pathological degree usually refers to Anton Deleo thefreedictionary.com ...

Meralgia paraesthetica
Meralgia paraesthetica (UK spelling), or meralgia paresthetica (US spelling) (me-ral'-gee-a par-es-thet'-i-ka) — also called Bernhardt-Roth syndrome — is numbness or pain in...

Mevalonate kinase deficiency
Mevalonate kinase deficiency, also called mevalonic aciduria, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that disrupts the biosynthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids.

Micropolygyria
Micropolygyria is a neuronal migration disorder, a developmental anomaly of the brain characterized by development of numerous small convolutions (microgyri), causing mental retardation.

Micropsia
Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are.

Migraine-associated vertigo
Migraine-associated vertigo (MAV) is vertigo associated with a migraine, either as a symptom of migraine or as a related but neurological disorder; when referred to as a disease unto itself, it ...

Minimally conscious state
Minimally Conscious State is a disorder of consciousness distinct from Persistent vegetative state and Locked-in_syndrome.

Mitochondrial disease
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that are the "powerhouses" found in most eukaryotic cells.

Mollaret's meningitis
Mollaret's meningitis is a recurrent inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

Morvan's syndrome
Morvan’s Syndrome, or Morvan’s fibrillary chorea (MFC), is a rare autoimmune disease named after nineteenth century French physician Augustin Marie Morvan.

Motion sickness
Motion sickness or kinetosis, also known as Travel Sickness, is a condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of mo...

Motor skills disorder
Motor skills disorder (also known as motor coordination disorder or motor dyspraxia) is a human developmental disorder that impairs motor coordination in daily activities.

Motor speech disorders
Motor Speech Disorders are disturbances of the body's natural, yet complex, ability to convey thoughts and emotions via the act of speaking.

Moyamoya disease
Moirmoir syndrome is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted.

Muenke syndrome
Muenke Syndrome, also known as FGFR3-related craniosynostosis, is a human specific condition characterized by the premature closure of certain bones of the skull during development, which ...

Multi-infarct dementia
Multi-infarct dementia is one type of vascular dementia.

Multifocal motor neuropathy
Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken.

Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms: changes in sensation, muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in s...

Muscle fatigue
Muscle fatigue is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force.

Muscle weakness
Muscle weakness or myasthenia is a lack of muscle strength.

Myelitis
Myelitis is a disease involving inflammation of the spinal cord, which disrupts central nervous system functions linking the brain and limbs.

Myelomalacia
Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring the softening of the spinal cord.

Myelopathy
Myelopathy refers to pathology of the spinal cord.

Myokmia
Myokimia is an involuntary and continuous Myoclonus (muscle twitch) that affects the muscles of the face, particularly the eyelids, as a result of the random firing of neurons leading into the m...

Ménière's disease
Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance to a varying degree.

Möbius syndrome
Möbius syndrome (also spelled Moebius) is an extremely rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side.

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (or NIHSS) is a method developed by the National Institutes of Health.

Neoplastic meningitis
Neoplastic or malignant meningitis, also described with the older term meningitis carcinomatosa is the development of meningitis due to the infiltration of the subarachnoid space wit...

Nerve compression syndrome
Nerve compression syndrome or compression neuropathy, also known as entrapment neuropathy, is a medical condition caused by direct pressure on a single nerve.

Nerve injury
Nerve injury is injury to nervous tissue.

Nerve sheath tumor
A nerve sheath tumor is a type of tumor of the nervous system (nervous system neoplasm) which is made up primarily of the myelin surrounding nerves.

Neuralgia
Neuralgia is pain in one or more nerves that occurs without stimulation of pain receptor (nociceptor) cells.

Neurapraxia
Neurapraxia is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system in which there is a temporary loss of motor and sensory function due to blockage of nerve conduction, usually lasting an average of six...

Neurasthenia
Neurasthenia is a psycho-pathological term first used by George Miller Beard in 1869 to denote a condition with symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, headache, neuralgia and depressed mood.

Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.

Neurodevelopmental disorder
A neurodevelopmental disorder, or disorder of neural development, is an impairment of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system.

Neurofibroma
A neurofibroma is a benign nerve sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system.

Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis (commonly abbreviated NF; neurofibromatosis type 1 is also known as von Recklinghausen disease) is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows ...

Neurofibromatosis type I
Neurofibromatosis type I, formerly known as von Recklinghausen disease after the researcher who first documented the disorder, is a human genetic disorder.

Neurofibromatosis type II
Neurofibromatosis Type II (or "MISME Syndrome", for "Multiple Inherited Schwannomas, Meningiomas, and Ependymomas") is an inherited disease.

Neurogenic shock
Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in hypotension, occasionally with bradycardia, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord.

Neuroglycopenia
Neuroglycopenia is a medical term that refers to a shortage of glucose (glycopenia) in the brain, usually due to hypoglycemia.

Neurological disorder
A neurological disorder is a disorder of the body's nervous system.

Neuroma
A neuroma is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue.

Neuromyelitis optica
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome, is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder in which a person's own immune system attacks the optic nerves ...

Neuronal migration disorder
Neuronal migration disorder refers to a heterogenous group of disorders that, it is supposed, share the same etiopathological mechanism: a variable degree of disruption in the migration of neuro...

Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis (sometimes shortened to neurosarcoid) refers to sarcoidosis, a condition of unknown cause featuring granulomas in various tissues, involving the central nervous system (br...

Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or artificial toxic substances, which are called neurotoxins, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause damage ...

Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also termed symptomatic hydrocephalus, occurs when there is an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid...

Norman-Roberts syndrome
Lissencephaly 2, more commonly called Norman-Roberts syndrome, is a rare form of lissencephaly caused by a mutation in the reelin gene.

Notalgia paresthetica
Notalgia paresthetica (also known as "Hereditary localized pruritus," "Posterior pigmented pruritic patch," and "Subscapular pruritus") is a chronic sensory neuropathy.

Nothnagel's syndrome
Nothnagel's syndrome is a combination of oculomotor palsy and cerebellar ataxia caused by a lesion affecting the oculomotor nucleus and cerebellar peduncles (stalk-like band of neurons).

Occipital neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia, also known as C2 neuralgia, Arnold's neuralgia, is a medical condition characterized by chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head and behind the eyes.

Oculogyric crisis
Oculogyric crisis is the name of a dystonic reaction to certain drugs and/or medical conditions.

Ohtahara syndrome
Ohtahara syndrome (OS), also known as Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Burst-Suppression (EIEE), is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy.

Oligoastrocytoma
Oligoastrocytomas are a subset of brain tumor that present with an appearance of mixed glial cell origin, astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma.

Oligodendroglioma
Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell.

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) is a term used to define neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum, pontine nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus.

Ondine's curse
Ondine's Curse also called congenital central hypoventilation syndrome or primary alveolar hypoventilation, is a respiratory disorder that is fatal if untreated.

Oneirophrenia
Oneirophrenia is a hallucinatory, dream-like state caused by several conditions such as prolonged sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, or drugs (such as ibogaine).

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder of unknown causes which appears to be the result of an autoimmune process involving the nervous system.

Optic nerve glioma
Optic nerve glioma (or optic glioma), a form of glioma which affects the optic nerve, is often one of the central nervous system manifestations of Neurofibromatosis 1.

Optic nerve hypoplasia
Optic nerve hypoplasia is a medical condition that results in underdevelopment of the optic nerve.

Optic nerve sheath meningioma
Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are rare benign tumors of the optic nerve.

Optic papillitis
Papillitis is the term for a specific type of optic neuritis.

Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy, also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especial...

Orthostatic intolerance
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is a subcategory of dysautonomia, a disorder of the autonomic nervous system occurring when an individual stands up.

Ortner's syndrome
Ortner's syndrome is a rare cardiovocal syndrome and refers to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease.

Palsy
In medicine, palsy is the paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by loss of sensation and by uncontrolled body movements, such as shaking.

PANDAS
PANDAS is an abbreviation for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections.

Paradoxical embolism
A paradoxical embolism is a kind of stroke or other form of arterial thrombosis caused by embolism of a thrombus (blood clot) of venous origin through a lateral opening in the heart, such as a p...

Paresthesia
Paresthesia, spelled "paraesthesia" in English, is a sensation of tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect.

Parkinson plus syndrome
Parkinson-plus syndromes, also known as disorders of multiple system degeneration, are a group of neurodegenerative diseases featuring the classical features of Parkinson's disease (tremor,...

Paroxysmal attack
The word paroxysm means "sudden attack, outburst", and comes from the Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmos), "irritation, exasperation".

Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia or PED is a rare neurological disorder characterized by sudden, transient, involuntary movements, often including repetitive twisting motions and painful po...

Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, originally named familial rectal pain syndrome, is a rare disorder whose most notable features are pain in the mandibular, ocular and rectal areas as well...

Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreathetosis (PKC) also called Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by attacks of involuntary move...

Paroxysmal kinesogenic choreoathetosis
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreathetosis, (PKC) also called Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by attacks of involuntary mov...

Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PNKD) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".

Partial seizure
Partial seizures are seizures which affect only a part of the brain at onset, and are split into two main categories; simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures.

Pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome
The cause and development of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are unknown, but may involve multiple organ and body systems, including neurological factors, psychological and psychosocial fac...

Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury (PABI)
Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury (PABI) is the number one cause of death and disability for children and young adults in the United States.,.

Peduncular hallucinosis
Peduncular hallucinosis, also known as Lhermitte's peduncular hallucinosis, is a rare neurological syndrome with a relatively rich series of detailed clinical case studies in the medical literature.

Perineodynia
Perineodynia means perineal pain and includes vulvodynia and proctalgia fugax.

Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of or trauma to the nerve or the side-effects of systemic illness.

Phantom eye syndrome
The phantom eye syndrome (PES) is a phantom pain in the eye and visual hallucinations after the removal of an eye (enucleation, evisceration).

Phantom limb
A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb (even an organ, like the appendix) is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts.

Phantosmia
Phantosmia, or olfactory hallucinations, involves smelling odors that are not derived from any physical stimulus.

Phonagnosia
Agnosia (a-gnosis, or loss of knowledge) is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant ...

Photophobia
Photophobia, also often known as "the Autism of the eyes" is a symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light.

Pineal gland cyst
A pineal gland cyst is a benign cyst in the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain.

Pinealoblastoma
Pinealoblastoma is a tumor of the pineal gland.

Pineocytoma
Pineocytoma, also known as a pinealocytoma, is a benign, slowly-growing tumor of the pineal gland.

Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder that occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or otherwise irritated by the piriformis muscle causing pain, tingling and numbness in the buttoc...

Plexopathy
Plexopathy is a disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels.

Pneumocephalus
Pneumocephalus is the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.

POEMS syndrome
POEMS syndrome (also known as Crow–Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki disease, or PEP syndrome) is a rare medical syndrome.

Polyneuropathy
Polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder that occurs when many peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously.

Poser criteria
Poser criteria are diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis.

Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment
Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment (PCCI) (also known as chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction, chemo brain or chemo fog) describes the cognitive impairment that...

Post-traumatic seizure
Post-traumatic seizures are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury, brain damage caused by physical trauma.

Posterior cortical atrophy
Posterior cortical atrophy, also called Benson's syndrome, is most usually considered to be an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a syndrome characterised by headache, confusion, seizures a...

Postherpetic neuralgia
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a neuralgia caused by the varicella zoster virus.

Postperfusion syndrome
Postperfusion syndrome, also known as "pumphead" is a constellation of neurocognitive impairments attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is a condition of dysautonomia, more specifically orthostatic intolerance, in which a change from the supine position to an upright position causes an ...

Presyncope
Presyncope is a state consisting of lightheadedness, muscular weakness, and feeling faint (as opposed to a syncope, which is actually fainting).

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM, or PAME) is a disease of the central nervous system caused by infection from Naegleria fowleri.

Primary and secondary brain injury
Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury.

Progressive inflammatory neuropathy
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy (PIN) is a disease that was identified in a report, released on January 31, 2008, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease that is characterized by progressive damage ('...

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy is a rare epilepsy syndrome caused by a variety of genetic disorders.

Pronator teres syndrome
Pronator teres syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the elbow.

Prosopagnosia
Prosopagnosia (Greek: "prosopon" = "face", "agnosia" = "inability to recognize/identify") is a disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while the ability to ...

Protein aggregation
Protein aggregation is the aggregation of mis-folded proteins, and is thought to be responsible for many degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's.

Proximal diabetic neuropathy
Proximal diabetic neuropathy or lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, previously termed diabetic amyotrophy, is a diabetic neuropathy (peripheral nerve disease) characterized by pai...

PRRT2
Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRT2 gene.

Rabbit syndrome
Rabbit syndrome is a rare form of extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic drugs in which perioral tremors occur at a rate of 5Hz. Rabbit syndrome is characterized by involuntary, fine, rhyth...

Rabies
Rabies (. From rabies) is a viral disease that causes severe encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in warm-blooded animals.

Radial neuropathy
Radial neuropathy (or radial mononeuropathy) is a type of mononeuropathy which results from acute trauma to the radial nerve that extends the length of the arm.

Radiculopathy
Radiculopathy is not a specific condition, but rather a description of a problem in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy).

Rage syndrome
Rage Syndrome, also known as Sudden Onset Aggression or or Avalanche of Rage Syndrome, is a serious but rare behavioural problem that has been reported most commonly in the English C...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type I
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) type 1 is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by myoclonus epilepsy, intention tremor, progressive ataxia and occasionally cognitive impairment ...

Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) type 2 also known as herpes zoster oticus is a disorder that is caused by the reactivation of pre-existing herpes zoster virus in a nerve cell bundle in the head...

Rasmussen's encephalitis
Rasmussen's encephalitis, also known as chronic focal encephalitis (CFE), is a rare inflammatory neurological disorder, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills an...

Reflex neurovascular dystrophy
Reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND) is a painful neurovascular disease that constricts the blood veins and reduces the supply of oxygen to the skin, muscles and bones.

Regressive autism
Regressive autism occurs when a child appears to develop typically but then starts to lose speech and social skills, typically between the ages of 15 and 30 months, and is subsequently diagnosed...

Retinal migraine
Retinal migraine (also known as ophthalmic migraine, visual migraine and ocular migraine) is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only...

Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder jacob is a form of named particular to this syndrome of the grey matter of the brain that almost exclusively affects females.

Revesz syndrome
Revesz syndrome is a fatal disease that causes exudative retinopathy and bone marrow failure.

Rhythmic movement disorder
Rhythmic Movement Disorder is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of large muscles groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck.

Rich focus
A Rich focus is a tuberculous granuloma occurring on the cortex of the brain that ruptures into the subarachnoid space, causing tuberculous meningitis.

Right hemisphere brain damage
Right hemisphere brain damage, often abbreviated as RHD, is damage to the right hemisphere of the brain.

Rolandic epilepsy
In neurology and pediatrics, benign rolandic epilepsy or benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood.

Scanning speech
Scanning speech, also known as explosive speech, is a type of ataxic dysarthria in which spoken words are broken up into separate syllables, often separated by a noticeable pause, and spoken wit...

Schumacher criteria
Schumacher criteria were the first internationally recognized criteria for diagnosis, and introduced concepts still in use, as CDMS.

Schwannoma
A schwannoma (also known as an "acoustic neuroma," "neurilemmoma," "neurinoma," "neurolemmoma," and "Schwann cell tumor") is a benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, which normally...

Schwannomatosis
Schwannomatosis is one form of a genetic disorder called neurofibromatosis (NF) that has only recently been recognized.

Scintillating scotoma
Scintillating scotoma is the most common visual aura preceding migraine and was first described by 19th century physician Hubert Airy (1838–1903).

Seasickness
Seasickness is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo, experienced after spending time on a craft on water.

Semantic dementia
Semantic dementia (SD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of semantic memory in both the verbal and non-verbal domains.

Sensory ataxia
Sensory ataxia is both a symptom and a sign in neurology.

Sensory processing disorder
Sensory processing disorder or SPD is a Neurological disorder causing difficulties with taking in, processing and responding to sensory information about the environment and from within th...

Shapiro syndrome
The Shapiro syndrome is a rare disorder consisting of paroxysmal hypothermia (due to hypothalamic dysfunction of thermoregulation), epilepsy, and agenesis of the corpus callosum with onset tipic...

Silent stroke
A silent stroke is a stroke that does not have any outward symptoms (asymptomatic), and the patient is typically unaware they have suffered a stroke.

Simple partial seizure
Simple partial seizures are seizures which affect only a small region of the brain, often the temporal lobes and/or hippocampi.

Simulated presence therapy
Simulated presence therapy is an emotion-oriented non pharmacological intervention for people with dementia.

Simultanagnosia
Simultanagnosia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the inability of an individual to perceive more than a single object at a time; it is often a component of Bálint’s syndrome.

Sluggish cognitive tempo
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is an unformalized descriptive term which is used to better identify what appears to be a homogeneous sub-subgroup within the formal subgroup "ADHD predominantly i...

Small fiber peripheral neuropathy
Small fiber peripheral neuropathy is a type of neuropathy.

Social-Emotional Agnosia
Social-Emotional Agnosia, also known as emotional agnosia or expressive agnosia, is the inability to perceive facial expressions, body language, and voice intonation.

Sopite syndrome
The sopite syndrome is a neurological disorder that relates symptoms of fatigue, drowsiness, and mood changes to prolonged periods of motion.

Space adaptation syndrome
Space adaptation syndrome or space sickness is a condition experienced by around half of space travelers during adaptation to weightlessness.

Spasmodic torticollis
Spasmodic torticollis is a chronic neurological movement disorder causing the neck to involuntarily turn to the left, right, upwards, and/or downwards.

Spastic diplegia
Spastic diplegia, historically known as Little's Disease, is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extre...

Spastic Hemiplegia
Spastic Hemiplegia is a neurological disorder that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant contracted state.

Spastic quadriplegia
Spastic quadriplegia, sometimes called spastic tetraplegia, is the version of spastic diplegia that affects all four limbs (arms and legs) rather than just the legs.

Sphenoid wing meningioma
A sphenoid wing meningioma is a benign brain tumor located near the sphenoid bone.

Spinal disc herniation
A spinal disc herniation (prolapsus disci intervertebralis), informally and misleadingly called a "slipped disc", is a medical condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the out...

Spinal shock
Spinal shock was first defined by Whytt in 1750 as a loss of sensation accompanied by motor paralysis with initial loss but gradual recovery of reflexes, following a spinal cord injury (SCI) – m...

Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that may occur in any of the regions of the spine.

Spinal tumor
Spinal tumors are neoplasms located in the spinal cord.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-13
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized by dysarthria, nystagmus, and ataxia of gait, stance and the limbs ...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-6
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 is a rare, late-onset, autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other types of SCA, is characterized by dysarthria, oculomotor disorders, incontinence, peripheral n...

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Syndrome is a condition where the cerebrospinal fluid that flows around the brain and spinal cord leaks from the dura.

Status epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure.

Stereotypic movement disorder
Stereotypic movement disorder is a disorder of childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities o...

Strephosymbolia
Strephosymbolia was first coined in 1925 by Samuel Orton as being an answer to the implications the term word blindness makes.

Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is an iatrogenic disease of the nervous system leading to a disabling paralysis, blindness and even death.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A subarachnoid hemorrhage, or subarachnoid haemorrhage in British English, is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter surrounding th...

Subclavian steal syndrome
In medicine, subclavian steal syndrome, also called subclavian steal phenomenon or subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease, is a constellation of signs and symptoms that arise from ...

Subclinical seizure
A Subclinical seizure is a type of seizure often experienced by people with epilepsy, in which an EEG trace will show abnormal brain activity, usually for a short duration of time but which does...

Subdural effusion
Subdural effusion refers to an effusion in the subdural space, usually of cerebrospinal fluid.

Subdural hygroma
A subdural hygroma is a subdural body of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without blood.

Subgaleal hemorrhage
Subgaleal hemorrhage or hematoma is bleeding in the potential space between the skull periosteum and the scalp galea aponeurosis.

Suboccipital puncture
A suboccipital puncture or cisternal puncture is a diagnostic procedure that can be performed in order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for biochemical, microbiological, an...

Supernumerary phantom limb
Supernumerary phantom limb refers to a condition where the affected individual believes and receives sensory information from limbs of the body that do not actually exist, and never have existed...

Susac's syndrome
Susac's syndrome (Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy) is a microangiopathy characterized by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions and hearing loss.

Sydenham's chorea
Sydenham's chorea or chorea minor (historically referred to as Saint Vitus Dance) is a disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, f...

Tardive dysmentia
Tardive Dysmentia is a rarely used term introduced in a 1983 paper to describe "changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction", and hypothesized to be caused by long-term ex...

Tarlov cyst
Tarlov cysts, also known as perineurial cysts, are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled sacs located in the spinal canal of the S1-to-S4 region and can be distinguished from other meningeal cysts by...

Tauopathy
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the pathological aggregation of tau protein in the human brain.

Tethered spinal cord syndrome
Tethered spinal cord syndrome or occult spinal dysraphism sequence refers to a group of neurological disorders related to malformations of the spinal cord.

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia
Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia (TCD) is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neurological disorders like Parkinson's Disease...

The ICCA Syndrome
The ICCA Syndrome (Infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis syndrome also called Rochette-Szepetowski syndrome).

Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome(TOS) is a syndrome involving compression at the superior thoracic outlet involving compression of a neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scalene and m...

Tick paralysis
Tick paralysis is the only tick-borne disease that is not caused by an infectious organism.

Timothy syndrome
Timothy syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by physical malformations, as well as neurological and developmental defects, including heart QT-prolongation, heart arrhythm...

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with extraocular palsies, usually involving the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cranial nerve...

Tonic-clonic seizure
Tonic–clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures or gran mal seizures) are a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain.

Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple physical tics and at least one vocal tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane.

Toxic leukoencephalopathy
Toxic leukoencephalopathy or toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy is a condition that is characterized by progressive damage (-pathy), of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephal...

Train to End Stroke
Train To End Stroke is an endurance training and fund-raising program, benefiting the American Stroke Association, a division of the American Heart Association, in which participants train t...

Transient epileptic amnesia
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a rare but probably underdiagnosed neurological condition which manifests as relatively brief and generally recurring episodes of amnesia caused by underlyin...

Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), also called transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, transthyretin amyloidosis or Corino de Andrade's disease, is an autosomal domin...

Transverse myelitis
Transverse myelitis (in Latin nomenclature: myelitis transversa) is a neurological disorder caused by an inflammatory process of the spinal cord, and can cause axonal demyelination.

Trendelenburg gait
The Trendelenburg gait pattern is an abnormal gait caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.

Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), tic douloureux (also known as prosopalgia, the Suicide Disease or Fothergill's disease) is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of ...

Trinucleotide repeat disorder
Trinucleotide repeat disorders are a set of genetic disorders caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion, a kind of mutation where trinucleotide repeats in certain genes exceeding the normal, stab...

Triparesis
Triparesis is a medical condition, similar to triplegia, but the major difference between the two is primarily that triplegia is total loss of function in three limbs, and triparesis denotes wea...

Triplegia
Triplegia is a medical condition is which the patient has paralysis of three limbs.

Tuber cinereum hamartoma
Tuber cinereum hamartoma is a nonneoplastic tumor in which a disorganized collection of neurons and glia accumulate at the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus on the floor of the third ventricle.

Uhthoff's phenomenon
Uhthoff's phenomenon (also known as Uhthoff's syndrome, Uhthoff's sign, and Uhthoff's Symptom) is the worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neur...

Ulnar neuropathy
Ulnar neuropathy is a disorder involving the ulnar nerve.

Upper motor neuron lesion
An upper motor neuron lesion is a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves.

Validation therapy
Validation therapy was developed by Naomi Feil for older people with cognitive impairments and dementia.

Vascular cognitive impairment
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a term used to describe a spectrum of cognitive impairments caused by various types of cerebrovascular disease that occurs as a result of interaction betwe...

Vascular myelopathy
Vascular myelopathy (vascular disease of the spinal cord) refers to an abnormality of the spinal cord in regards to its blood supply.

Ventriculitis
Ventriculitis is the inflammation of the brain ventricles.

Vertebral artery dissection
Vertebral artery dissection (abbreviated VAD, often vertebral dissection) is a dissection (a flap-like tear) of the inner lining of the vertebral artery, which is located in the neck...

Vertigo
Vertigo (; from the Latin vertō "a whirling or spinning movement") is a type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary.

Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis
Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis (VE) is a fatal progressive neurological disorder found only in the Sakha (Iakut/Yakut) population of central Siberia.

Viliuisk encephalomyelitis
Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis (VE) is a fatal progressive neurological disorder found only in the Sakha (Iakut/Yakut) population of central Siberia.

Visual agnosia
Visual agnosia is the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces.

Visual extinction
Visual extinction is a neurological disorder which occurs following damage to the parietal lobe of the brain.

Wallerian degeneration
Wallerian degeneration is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates distal to the injury.

Wartenberg's sign
Wartenberg's sign is a neurological sign due to incorrect regeneration of the 7th cranial nerve fibers.

Wartenbergs migratory sensory neuropathy
Wartenberg's Migratory Sensory Neuropathy is a rare condition identified by Robert Wartenberg in 1958 which is easy to confuse with the early stages of Multiple Sclerosis or Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Watershed stroke
A watershed stroke is a medical term describing a stroke affecting areas of the brain farthest from direct perfusion with blood supply by the major cerebral arteries.

Weakness
Weakness is a symptom represented, medically, by a number of different conditions, including: You're name is Charlie Truck Collyer: lack of muscle strength, malaise, dizziness, or fatigue.

Wernicke's encephalopathy
Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and impairment of short-term memory.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (also called wet brain, Korsakoff's psychosis, alcoholic encephalopathy, Wernicke's disease, and encephalopathy - alcoholic) is a manifestation of thiamine (vitamin B...

West syndrome
West syndrome or West's Syndrome is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants.

Wilson's disease
Wilson disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms an...

Winged scapula
A winged scapula is a condition in which the shoulder blade, or shoulder bone, protrudes from a person’s back in an abnormal position.

Zenker's paralysis
Zenker's paralysis is a palsy of the peroneal nerve.