SettingsNeurotrauma
Abnormal posturing
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.
Autonomic dysreflexia
Autonomic dysreflexia, also known as autonomic hyperreflexia, is a potentially life threatening condition which can be considered a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
Autonomic dysreflexia, also known as autonomic hyperreflexia, is a potentially life threatening condition which can be considered a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
Axonotmesis
Axonotmesis is a disruption of nerve cell axon, with wallerian degeneration occurring below and slightly proximal to the site of injury.
Axonotmesis is a disruption of nerve cell axon, with wallerian degeneration occurring below and slightly proximal to the site of injury.
Brachial plexus injury
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord, which is housed in the spinal canal of the vertebral column, to the shoulder, arm and hand.
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord, which is housed in the spinal canal of the vertebral column, to the shoulder, arm and hand.
Brain damage
"Brain damage" or "brain injury" is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
"Brain damage" or "brain injury" is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
Brain herniation
Brain herniation, also known as cistern obliteration, is a deadly side effect of very high intracranial pressure that occurs when the brain shifts across structures within the skull.
Brain herniation, also known as cistern obliteration, is a deadly side effect of very high intracranial pressure that occurs when the brain shifts across structures within the skull.
Brain Trauma Foundation
The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) was founded in 1986 to develop research on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) was founded in 1986 to develop research on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Burst lobe
Burst lobe is a term used to describe an intracranial hemorrhage, specifically affecting a brain lobe (part of the cerebral hemispheres) and characterized by an intracerebral hemorrhage in co...
Burst lobe is a term used to describe an intracranial hemorrhage, specifically affecting a brain lobe (part of the cerebral hemispheres) and characterized by an intracerebral hemorrhage in co...
Cauda equina syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome Cauda equina syndrome is a serious neurologic condition in which there is acute loss of function of the lumbar plexus, neurologic elements of the spinal canal below the...
Cauda equina syndrome Cauda equina syndrome is a serious neurologic condition in which there is acute loss of function of the lumbar plexus, neurologic elements of the spinal canal below the...
Cerebral contusion
Cerebral contusion, Latin contusio cerebri, a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue.
Cerebral contusion, Latin contusio cerebri, a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue.
Cerebral hemorrhage
A cerebral hemorrhage or haemorrhage is a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the brain tissue itself.
A cerebral hemorrhage or haemorrhage is a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the brain tissue itself.
Cerebral laceration
A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn.
A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn.
Cerebral perfusion pressure
Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion).
Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion).
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive degenerative disease, diagnosed post-mortem in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other forms of head injury.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive degenerative disease, diagnosed post-mortem in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other forms of head injury.
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy is a program to help brain-injured or otherwise cognitively impaired individuals to restore normal functioning, or to compensate for cognitive deficits.
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy is a program to help brain-injured or otherwise cognitively impaired individuals to restore normal functioning, or to compensate for cognitive deficits.
Concussion
Concussion, from the Latin concutere or the Latin concussus, is the most common type of traumatic brain injury.
Concussion, from the Latin concutere or the Latin concussus, is the most common type of traumatic brain injury.
Concussion grading systems
Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury.
Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury.
Coup contrecoup injury
In head injury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted.
In head injury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted.
Cushing's triad
Cushing's triad is a clinical triad variably defined as either hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration, or less commonly as widened pulse pressure, irregular respiration, and bradyc...
Cushing's triad is a clinical triad variably defined as either hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration, or less commonly as widened pulse pressure, irregular respiration, and bradyc...
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.
Decompressive craniectomy is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.
Dementia pugilistica
Dementia pugilistica is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions.
Dementia pugilistica is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions.
Diaschisis
Diaschisis (from Greek, meaning "shocked throughout") is a sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to but at a distance of a damaged area.
Diaschisis (from Greek, meaning "shocked throughout") is a sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to but at a distance of a damaged area.
Diffuse axonal injury
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury, meaning that damage occurs over a more widespread area than in focal brain injury.
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury, meaning that damage occurs over a more widespread area than in focal brain injury.
Digestion chambers
Digestion chambers are a histologic finding in nerves that are undergoing Wallerian degeneration.
Digestion chambers are a histologic finding in nerves that are undergoing Wallerian degeneration.
Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy means disorder or disease of the brain.
Encephalopathy means disorder or disease of the brain.
Epidural hematoma
Epidural or extradural hematoma is a type of traumatic brain injury in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull.
Epidural or extradural hematoma is a type of traumatic brain injury in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull.
Epileptogenesis
Epileptogenesis is a process by which a normal brain develops epilepsy, a chronic condition in which seizures occur.
Epileptogenesis is a process by which a normal brain develops epilepsy, a chronic condition in which seizures occur.
Focal and diffuse brain injury
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area.
Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area.
Frontal lobe injury
Following a frontal lobe injury, an individual’s abilities to make good choices and recognize consequences are often impaired.
Following a frontal lobe injury, an individual’s abilities to make good choices and recognize consequences are often impaired.
Germinal matrix hemorrhage
Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix with or without subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle.
Germinal matrix hemorrhage is a bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix with or without subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle.
Gourmand syndrome
Gourmand syndrome is a rare, benign condition that sometimes occurs in people who sustain injuries to the right frontal lobe.
Gourmand syndrome is a rare, benign condition that sometimes occurs in people who sustain injuries to the right frontal lobe.
Hand of benediction
The hand of benediction results from a severed Median nerve at the level of the elbow or upper arm.
The hand of benediction results from a severed Median nerve at the level of the elbow or upper arm.
Head injury criterion
The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from an impact.
The Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from an impact.
Hunt and Hess scale
The Hunt and Hess scale is one of the grading systems used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage based on the patient's clinical condition.
The Hunt and Hess scale is one of the grading systems used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage based on the patient's clinical condition.
Intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.
Intracranial pressure is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage is one extension of intracerebral hemorrhage with bleeding within brain parenchyma.
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage is one extension of intracerebral hemorrhage with bleeding within brain parenchyma.
Intraventricular hemorrhage
An intraventricular hemorrhage (or intraventricular haemorrhage in British English), often abbreviated "IVH," is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is ...
An intraventricular hemorrhage (or intraventricular haemorrhage in British English), often abbreviated "IVH," is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is ...
Kookal Ramunni Krishnan
Kookal Ramunni Krishnan (KR Krishnan) (1929 – 1999) born in a Nair family in Kerala, was an Indian physician.
Kookal Ramunni Krishnan (KR Krishnan) (1929 – 1999) born in a Nair family in Kerala, was an Indian physician.
Locked-in syndrome
Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for t...
Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for t...
Lucid interval
In emergency medicine, a lucid interval is a temporary improvement in a patient's condition after a traumatic brain injury, after which the condition deteriorates.
In emergency medicine, a lucid interval is a temporary improvement in a patient's condition after a traumatic brain injury, after which the condition deteriorates.
May-White syndrome
May-White syndrome is a rare familial progressive myoclonus epilepsy with lipomas, deafness, and ataxia.
May-White syndrome is a rare familial progressive myoclonus epilepsy with lipomas, deafness, and ataxia.
Minimally conscious state
Minimally Conscious State is a disorder of consciousness distinct from Persistent vegetative state and Locked-in syndrome.
Minimally Conscious State is a disorder of consciousness distinct from Persistent vegetative state and Locked-in syndrome.
Minor's disease
Minor's disease, a syndrome involving the sudden onset of back pain and paralysis caused by haemorrhage into the spinal cord substance, was named after the Russian neurologist, Lazar Salomowitch...
Minor's disease, a syndrome involving the sudden onset of back pain and paralysis caused by haemorrhage into the spinal cord substance, was named after the Russian neurologist, Lazar Salomowitch...
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
A Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease.
A Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease.
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, or MPT, is defined as an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial membranes to molecules of less than 1500 Daltons in molecular weight.
The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, or MPT, is defined as an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial membranes to molecules of less than 1500 Daltons in molecular weight.
Neurointensive care
Neurocritical care or neurointensive care is a branch of medicine that emerged in the 1980’s and deals with life-threatening diseases of the nervous system, which are those that involve th...
Neurocritical care or neurointensive care is a branch of medicine that emerged in the 1980’s and deals with life-threatening diseases of the nervous system, which are those that involve th...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity refers to the susceptibility to physiological changes of the nervous system, due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, or parts of the body other than the nervou...
Neuroplasticity refers to the susceptibility to physiological changes of the nervous system, due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, or parts of the body other than the nervou...
Neurorehabilitation
Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from a nervous system injury, and to minimize and/or compensate for any functional alterations resulting from it.
Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from a nervous system injury, and to minimize and/or compensate for any functional alterations resulting from it.
Neurotmesis
Neurotmesis is part of Seddon's classification scheme used to classify nerve damage.
Neurotmesis is part of Seddon's classification scheme used to classify nerve damage.
NINDS brain trauma research
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts and supports research to better understand traumatic brain injury and the biological mechanisms underlying dama...
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts and supports research to better understand traumatic brain injury and the biological mechanisms underlying dama...
NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor.
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor.
Olney's lesions
Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity, are a potential form of brain damage.
Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity, are a potential form of brain damage.
Opisthotonus
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos, from Greek roots, opistho meaning "behind" and tonos meaning "tension", is a state of a severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's ...
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos, from Greek roots, opistho meaning "behind" and tonos meaning "tension", is a state of a severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's ...
Paraplegia
Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities.
Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities.
Pediatric acquired brain injury
Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury is the number one cause of death and disability for children and young adults in the United States.,.
Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury is the number one cause of death and disability for children and young adults in the United States.,.
Penetrating head injury
A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached.
A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached.
Peripheral nerve injury
The study of peripheral nerve injury began during the American Civil War and has since expanded to not only include to extensive characterization of the processes and factors that contribute to...
The study of peripheral nerve injury began during the American Civil War and has since expanded to not only include to extensive characterization of the processes and factors that contribute to...
Post-concussion syndrome
Post-concussion syndrome, also known as postconcussive syndrome or PCS, and historically called shell shock, is a set of symptoms that a person may experience for weeks, months...
Post-concussion syndrome, also known as postconcussive syndrome or PCS, and historically called shell shock, is a set of symptoms that a person may experience for weeks, months...
Post-traumatic amnesia
Post-traumatic amnesia is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur afte...
Post-traumatic amnesia is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur afte...
Post-traumatic epilepsy
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).
Post-traumatic seizure
Post-traumatic seizures are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury, brain damage caused by physical trauma.
Post-traumatic seizures are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury, brain damage caused by physical trauma.
Primary and secondary brain injury
Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury.
Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury.
Quadriplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso; Paraplegia is si...
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso; Paraplegia is si...
Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)
Rehabilitation of sensory and cognitive function typically involves methods for retraining neural pathways or training new neural pathways to regain or improve neurocognitive functioning that ha...
Rehabilitation of sensory and cognitive function typically involves methods for retraining neural pathways or training new neural pathways to regain or improve neurocognitive functioning that ha...
Reperfusion injury
Reperfusion injury is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen.
Reperfusion injury is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen.
Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire
The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, abbreviated RPQ, is a questionnaire that can be administered to someone who sustains a concussion or other form of traumatic brain inj...
The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, abbreviated RPQ, is a questionnaire that can be administered to someone who sustains a concussion or other form of traumatic brain inj...
Second-impact syndrome
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) is a condition in which the brain swells rapidly and catastrophically after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided.
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) is a condition in which the brain swells rapidly and catastrophically after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided.
Shaken baby syndrome
Shaken baby syndrome is a triad of medical symptoms: subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and brain swelling from which doctors, consistent with current medical understanding, infer child abus...
Shaken baby syndrome is a triad of medical symptoms: subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and brain swelling from which doctors, consistent with current medical understanding, infer child abus...
Skull fracture
Skull fracture is the term used to describe a break in one or more of the eight bones which form the cranial portion of the skull usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.
Skull fracture is the term used to describe a break in one or more of the eight bones which form the cranial portion of the skull usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.
Spinal cord injury
A spinal cord injury refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of disease.
A spinal cord injury refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of disease.
Still Me
Still Me is a book written by Christopher Reeve in which he writes about his experiences as an actor and about his horseback riding accident which resulted in his quadriplegia and its effect...
Still Me is a book written by Christopher Reeve in which he writes about his experiences as an actor and about his horseback riding accident which resulted in his quadriplegia and its effect...
Stinger (medicine)
In medicine, a stinger, also called a burner or nerve pinch injury, is a neurological injury suffered by athletes, mostly in high-contact sports such as ice hockey, basketball, rugby, am...
In medicine, a stinger, also called a burner or nerve pinch injury, is a neurological injury suffered by athletes, mostly in high-contact sports such as ice hockey, basketball, rugby, am...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
A subarachnoid hemorrhage, or subarachnoid haemorrhage in British English, is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the...
A subarachnoid hemorrhage, or subarachnoid haemorrhage in British English, is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the...
Subdural hematoma
A subdural hematoma (American spelling) or subdural haematoma (British spelling), also known as a subdural haemorrhage (SDH), is a type of hematoma, a form of traumatic brain injury.
A subdural hematoma (American spelling) or subdural haematoma (British spelling), also known as a subdural haemorrhage (SDH), is a type of hematoma, a form of traumatic brain injury.
Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso; paraplegia is si...
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury to a human that results in the partial or total loss of use of all their limbs and torso; paraplegia is si...
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is a translation of the French memoir Le scaphandre et le papillon by journalist Jean-Dominique Bauby.
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly is a translation of the French memoir Le scaphandre et le papillon by journalist Jean-Dominique Bauby.
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury, also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain.
Traumatic brain injury, also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain.
Wallerian degeneration
Wallerian degeneration is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates distal to the injury.
Wallerian degeneration is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates distal to the injury.
Xenon-enhanced CT scanning
Xenon-enhanced CT scanning is a method of computed tomography (CT scanning) used for neuroimaging in which the subject inhales xenon gas while CT images are made.
Xenon-enhanced CT scanning is a method of computed tomography (CT scanning) used for neuroimaging in which the subject inhales xenon gas while CT images are made.
Zasetsky
Zasetsky (born c. 1920) is the pseudonym of a patient who was treated by Russian neuropsychologist Alexander Luria.
Zasetsky (born c. 1920) is the pseudonym of a patient who was treated by Russian neuropsychologist Alexander Luria.