SettingsOceanography
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 meters.
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 meters.
Abyssal zone
The abyssal zone is the abyssopelagic layer or pelagic zone that contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans.
The abyssal zone is the abyssopelagic layer or pelagic zone that contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans.
Acoustic Release
An acoustic release is an oceanographic device for the deployment and subsequent recovery of instrumentation from the sea floor, in which the recovery is triggered remotely by an acoustic comman...
An acoustic release is an oceanographic device for the deployment and subsequent recovery of instrumentation from the sea floor, in which the recovery is triggered remotely by an acoustic comman...
Acoustic Seabed Classification
Seabed surface classification is concerned primarily with distinguishing habitat characteristics (e.g.
Seabed surface classification is concerned primarily with distinguishing habitat characteristics (e.g.
Acoustical oceanography
Acoustical oceanography is the use of underwater sound to study the sea, its boundaries and its contents.
Acoustical oceanography is the use of underwater sound to study the sea, its boundaries and its contents.
Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey
The Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey (ANGUS) is a deep-towed still-camera sled operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and can be fitted with three 35 mm color came...
The Acoustically Navigated Geological Underwater Survey (ANGUS) is a deep-towed still-camera sled operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and can be fitted with three 35 mm color came...
Advection
Advection, in chemistry, engineering and earth sciences, is a transport mechanism of a substance, or a conserved property, by a fluid, due to the fluid's bulk motion in a particular direction.
Advection, in chemistry, engineering and earth sciences, is a transport mechanism of a substance, or a conserved property, by a fluid, due to the fluid's bulk motion in a particular direction.
Ageostrophy
Ageostrophy is the real condition that works against geostrophic wind or geostrophic currents in the ocean, and works against an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradien...
Ageostrophy is the real condition that works against geostrophic wind or geostrophic currents in the ocean, and works against an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradien...
Albatross expedition
The Albatross expedition was a Swedish oceanographic expedition that between July 4, 1947, and October 3, 1948, sailed around the world during 15 months covering 45 000 nautical miles.
The Albatross expedition was a Swedish oceanographic expedition that between July 4, 1947, and October 3, 1948, sailed around the world during 15 months covering 45 000 nautical miles.
Algae scrubber
An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water.
An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water.
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Initiated in 1947, the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) is a scientific society with the goal of Advancing the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.
Initiated in 1947, the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) is a scientific society with the goal of Advancing the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events occur when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of oxygen (O2) below the surface levels.
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events occur when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of oxygen (O2) below the surface levels.
Antarctic Benthic Deep-Sea Biodiversity Project
The Antarctic Benthic Deep-Sea Biodiversity Project (ANDEEP) is an international project to investigate deep-water biology of the Scotia and Weddell seas.
The Antarctic Benthic Deep-Sea Biodiversity Project (ANDEEP) is an international project to investigate deep-water biology of the Scotia and Weddell seas.
Antarctic Technology Offshore Lagoon Laboratory
The Antarctic Technology Offshore Lagoon Laboratory (ATOLL ELITE UNIVERSITY) was a floating oceanographic laboratory for in situ observation experiments and for field testing new instrumen...
The Antarctic Technology Offshore Lagoon Laboratory (ATOLL ELITE UNIVERSITY) was a floating oceanographic laboratory for in situ observation experiments and for field testing new instrumen...
Aphotic zone
The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix + "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight.
The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix + "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight.
Aplidine
Aplidine, also known as Dihydrodidemnin B, is a compound extracted from the ascidian Aplidium albicans.
Aplidine, also known as Dihydrodidemnin B, is a compound extracted from the ascidian Aplidium albicans.
Apparent oxygen utilisation
In freshwater or marine systems apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) is the difference between the measured dissolved oxygen concentration and its equilibrium saturation concentration in wate...
In freshwater or marine systems apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) is the difference between the measured dissolved oxygen concentration and its equilibrium saturation concentration in wate...
Aquanaut
An Aquanaut is any individual who remains underwater, exposed to the ambient pressure, long enough to come into equilibrium with his or her breathing media.
An Aquanaut is any individual who remains underwater, exposed to the ambient pressure, long enough to come into equilibrium with his or her breathing media.
Aquarius (laboratory)
The NOAA Aquarius Reef Base is an underwater habitat located in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, adjacent to Conch Reef.
The NOAA Aquarius Reef Base is an underwater habitat located in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, adjacent to Conch Reef.
Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography
Initiated in 1947, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, formerly known as the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, is a scientific society with the go...
Initiated in 1947, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, formerly known as the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, is a scientific society with the go...
August von Jilek
August von Jilek (28 August 1819 – 8 November 1898), otherwise August Jilek or Jileck, was a Czech naval doctor, lecturer and administrator.
August von Jilek (28 August 1819 – 8 November 1898), otherwise August Jilek or Jileck, was a Czech naval doctor, lecturer and administrator.
Bathometer
Bathometer is an instrument by which is measured water depth.
Bathometer is an instrument by which is measured water depth.
Bathyal zone
The bathyal zone or bathypelagic – from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep – (also known as midnight zone) is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 metr...
The bathyal zone or bathypelagic – from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep – (also known as midnight zone) is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 1000 to 4000 metr...
Bathythermograph
The bathythermograph, or BT, is a small torpedo-shaped device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth.
The bathythermograph, or BT, is a small torpedo-shaped device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth.
BENGAL (project)
BENGAL was the acronym of the research project High-resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality.
BENGAL was the acronym of the research project High-resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality.
Benthic boundary layer
The benthic boundary layer (BBL) is the layer of water directly above the sediment at the bottom of a river, lake or sea.
The benthic boundary layer (BBL) is the layer of water directly above the sediment at the bottom of a river, lake or sea.
Benthic lander
Benthic landers are observational platforms that sit on the seabed or benthic zone to record physical, chemical or biological activity.
Benthic landers are observational platforms that sit on the seabed or benthic zone to record physical, chemical or biological activity.
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study
The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) is a long-term oceanographic study by the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS).
The Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) is a long-term oceanographic study by the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS).
Beta plane
In geophysical fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation.
In geophysical fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation.
Biological pump
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the biological pump is the sum of a suite of biologically-mediated processes that transport carbon from the surface euphotic zone to the ocean's interior.
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the biological pump is the sum of a suite of biologically-mediated processes that transport carbon from the surface euphotic zone to the ocean's interior.
Biometeorology
Biometeorology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or shorter (by oppo...
Biometeorology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or shorter (by oppo...
Bjerrum plot
A Bjerrum plot is a graph of concentrations of CO2, HCO3−, CO32−, and occasionally H+, and OH−, as functions of pH. They are typically used in ocean chemistry to tr...
A Bjerrum plot is a graph of concentrations of CO2, HCO3−, CO32−, and occasionally H+, and OH−, as functions of pH. They are typically used in ocean chemistry to tr...
Bottom crawler
A bottom crawler is an underwater exploration and recovery vehicle.
A bottom crawler is an underwater exploration and recovery vehicle.
Bottom water
Bottom water is the lowermost water mass in a water body, by its bottom, with distinct characteristics, in terms of physics, chemistry, and ecology.
Bottom water is the lowermost water mass in a water body, by its bottom, with distinct characteristics, in terms of physics, chemistry, and ecology.
British Oceanographic Data Centre
The British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) is a national facility for looking after and distributing data about the marine environment.
The British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) is a national facility for looking after and distributing data about the marine environment.
Brunt-Väisälä frequency
In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statica...
In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statica...
Brunt–Väisälä frequency
In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statica...
In atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, and geophysics, the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, or buoyancy frequency, is the frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statica...
Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
The Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) is a bureau within the United States Department of State.
The Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) is a bureau within the United States Department of State.
Cabbeling
Cabbeling is the resultant sinking of a combined water parcel due to the mixing process of two separate water parcels.
Cabbeling is the resultant sinking of a combined water parcel due to the mixing process of two separate water parcels.
Cabled observatory
Cabled observatories are seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables.
Cabled observatories are seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables.
Carbonate compensation depth
Calcite compensation depth (CCD) is the depth in the oceans below which the rate of supply of calcite (calcium carbonate) lags behind the rate of solvation, such that no calcite is preserved.
Calcite compensation depth (CCD) is the depth in the oceans below which the rate of supply of calcite (calcium carbonate) lags behind the rate of solvation, such that no calcite is preserved.
Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education
The Center for Microbial Oceanography (C-MORE) is a research and education organization established in 2006 as an National Science Foundation funded Science and Technology Center.
The Center for Microbial Oceanography (C-MORE) is a research and education organization established in 2006 as an National Science Foundation funded Science and Technology Center.
Center for Ocean Exploration and Archaeological Oceanography
The Center for Ocean Exploration and Archaeological Oceanography is a research program for students at the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography.
The Center for Ocean Exploration and Archaeological Oceanography is a research program for students at the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography.
Centers for Space Oceanography
The Centers for Space Oceanography (CSO) are an operating division of the Argos Foundation, Inc. CSO was established in August 2004 by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Argos Foundation,...
The Centers for Space Oceanography (CSO) are an operating division of the Argos Foundation, Inc. CSO was established in August 2004 by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Argos Foundation,...
Challenger Society for Marine Science
The Challenger Society for Marine Science (or Challenger Society) is a learned society established in 1903 in the United Kingdom around the interdisciplinary subject of marine science.
The Challenger Society for Marine Science (or Challenger Society) is a learned society established in 1903 in the United Kingdom around the interdisciplinary subject of marine science.
Chemical oceanography
Chemical oceanography is the study of ocean chemistry: the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
Chemical oceanography is the study of ocean chemistry: the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
Chemocline
A chemocline is a cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water.
A chemocline is a cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water.
CLIWOC
The Climatological database for the world's oceans (CLIWOC) was a research project to convert ships' logbooks into a computerised database.
The Climatological database for the world's oceans (CLIWOC) was a research project to convert ships' logbooks into a computerised database.
Club of Rome
The Club of Rome is a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues.
The Club of Rome is a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues.
Coastal Zone Color Scanner
The Coastal Zone Color Scanner (or CZCS) was a multi-channel scanning radiometer aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite.
The Coastal Zone Color Scanner (or CZCS) was a multi-channel scanning radiometer aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite.
Cobb-Eickelberg Seamount chain
The Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain is a seamount chain stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the north to Axial Seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies approximately 480 kilomet...
The Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain is a seamount chain stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the north to Axial Seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies approximately 480 kilomet...
Conductivity, temperature, depth
A CTD profiler is an essential instrument of physical and biological oceanographic field research.
A CTD profiler is an essential instrument of physical and biological oceanographic field research.
Continental margin
The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust.
The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust.
Continental rise
The continental rise is an underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain.
The continental rise is an underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain.
Continental shelf pump
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves, acting as a mechanism to transport carbon from surface waters to t...
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the continental shelf pump is proposed to operate in the shallow waters of the continental shelves, acting as a mechanism to transport carbon from surface waters to t...
Coriolis frequency
The Coriolis frequency ƒ, also called the Coriolis parameter or Coriolis coefficient, is equal to twice the rotation rate Ω of the Earth multiplied by the sine of the latitud...
The Coriolis frequency ƒ, also called the Coriolis parameter or Coriolis coefficient, is equal to twice the rotation rate Ω of the Earth multiplied by the sine of the latitud...
Cross sea
In surface navigation, a cross sea is a sea state with two wave systems traveling at oblique angles.
In surface navigation, a cross sea is a sea state with two wave systems traveling at oblique angles.
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR) is one of the currently c.20 Research Divisions of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia's largest government-s...
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR) is one of the currently c.20 Research Divisions of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia's largest government-s...
Current sea level rise
Current sea level rise potentially impacts human populations and the natural environment.
Current sea level rise potentially impacts human populations and the natural environment.
Davidson Seamount
Davidson Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) located off the coast of Central California, southwest of Monterey and west of San Simeon.
Davidson Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) located off the coast of Central California, southwest of Monterey and west of San Simeon.
Deep chlorophyll maximum
A deep chlorophyll maximum, or DCM, is a subsurface maximum in the concentration of chlorophyll in the ocean or in lakes.
A deep chlorophyll maximum, or DCM, is a subsurface maximum in the concentration of chlorophyll in the ocean or in lakes.
Deep convection
Deep convection is a convective process in a medium, usually in an atmosphere or ocean, that in some sense spans the vertical.
Deep convection is a convective process in a medium, usually in an atmosphere or ocean, that in some sense spans the vertical.
Deep ocean water
Deep Ocean Water (DOW) is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans.
Deep Ocean Water (DOW) is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans.
Deep scattering layer
The deep scattering layer is the name given to a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals.
The deep scattering layer is the name given to a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals.
Deep sea
The deep sea, or deep layer, is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms or more.
The deep sea, or deep layer, is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms or more.
Deep sea communities
Deep sea communities currently remain largely unexplored, due the technological and logististical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes.
Deep sea communities currently remain largely unexplored, due the technological and logististical challenges and expense involved in visiting these remote biomes.
Deep-sea exploration
Deep-sea exploration is the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological conditions on the sea bed, for scientific or commercial purposes.
Deep-sea exploration is the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological conditions on the sea bed, for scientific or commercial purposes.
Demersal zone
The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos.
The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos.
Devil's Hole (North Sea)
Devil's Hole is a group of deep trenches in the North Sea about 200 kilometers (125 mi) east of Dundee, Scotland.
Devil's Hole is a group of deep trenches in the North Sea about 200 kilometers (125 mi) east of Dundee, Scotland.
Discovery Investigations
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean.
The Discovery Investigations were a series of scientific cruises and shore-based investigations into the biology of whales in the Southern Ocean.
Dissolved silica
Dissolved silica (DSi) is the form of water soluble silica as silicon hydroxide (equivalent to the old term silicic acid), which can be measured by standard analyses (e.g.
Dissolved silica (DSi) is the form of water soluble silica as silicon hydroxide (equivalent to the old term silicic acid), which can be measured by standard analyses (e.g.
Don Walsh
Don Walsh (born November 2, 1931) is an American oceanographer, explorer and marine policy specialist.
Don Walsh (born November 2, 1931) is an American oceanographer, explorer and marine policy specialist.
DORIS (geodesy)
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a French satellite system used for the determination of satellite orbits (e.g.
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a French satellite system used for the determination of satellite orbits (e.g.
Downwelling
Downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath...
Downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath...
Dynamic theory of tides
The Dynamic theory of tides is the modern theory of ocean tides that includes amphidromic circulation.
The Dynamic theory of tides is the modern theory of ocean tides that includes amphidromic circulation.
Dynamic topography
The term dynamic topography is used in geodynamics and oceanography to refer to elevation differences caused by the flow within the Earth's mantle and the ocean water, respectively.
The term dynamic topography is used in geodynamics and oceanography to refer to elevation differences caused by the flow within the Earth's mantle and the ocean water, respectively.
East Greenland Current
The East Greenland Current (EGC) is a cold, low salinity current that extends from Fram Strait (~80N) to Cape Farewell (~60N).
The East Greenland Current (EGC) is a cold, low salinity current that extends from Fram Strait (~80N) to Cape Farewell (~60N).
Ecosystem-based management
History of Ecosystem-based Management The systemic origins of ecosystem-based management are rooted in the ecosystem management policy applied to the Great Lakes of North America in the late 1970’s.
History of Ecosystem-based Management The systemic origins of ecosystem-based management are rooted in the ecosystem management policy applied to the Great Lakes of North America in the late 1970’s.
Edge wave
In fluid dynamics, an edge wave is a surface gravity wave fixed by refraction against a rigid boundary, often a shoaling beach.
In fluid dynamics, an edge wave is a surface gravity wave fixed by refraction against a rigid boundary, often a shoaling beach.
Edward Brinton
Edward Brinton (January 12, 1924 – January 13, 2010) was a professor of oceanography and research biologist.
Edward Brinton (January 12, 1924 – January 13, 2010) was a professor of oceanography and research biologist.
Ekman layer
The Ekman Layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag.
The Ekman Layer is the layer in a fluid where there is a force balance between pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and turbulent drag.
Ekman spiral
The Ekman spiral refers to a structure of currents or winds near a horizontal boundary in which the flow direction rotates as one moves away from the boundary.
The Ekman spiral refers to a structure of currents or winds near a horizontal boundary in which the flow direction rotates as one moves away from the boundary.
Ekman transport
Ekman transport, part of Ekman motion theory first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman (for whom it is named), is the term given for the 90 degree net transport of the surface layer (dept...
Ekman transport, part of Ekman motion theory first investigated in 1902 by Vagn Walfrid Ekman (for whom it is named), is the term given for the 90 degree net transport of the surface layer (dept...
Ekman velocity
In oceanography, Ekman velocity – also referred as a kind of the residual ageostropic velocity as it derivates from geostrophy – is part of the total horizontal velocity (u) in the upp...
In oceanography, Ekman velocity – also referred as a kind of the residual ageostropic velocity as it derivates from geostrophy – is part of the total horizontal velocity (u) in the upp...
Expendable bathythermograph
The expendable bathythermograph, or XBT, is a device for obtaining a record of temperature as a function of depth from a moving ship.
The expendable bathythermograph, or XBT, is a device for obtaining a record of temperature as a function of depth from a moving ship.
Expocode
EXPOCODE, or the "expedition code", is a unique alphanumeric identifier defined by the National Oceanographic Data Center of the US. The code defines a standard nomenclature for cruise labels of...
EXPOCODE, or the "expedition code", is a unique alphanumeric identifier defined by the National Oceanographic Data Center of the US. The code defines a standard nomenclature for cruise labels of...
f-ratio
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium).
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium).
Ferromanganese nodules
Ferromanganese nodules form in the oxidizing environment of the abyssal pelagic zone.
Ferromanganese nodules form in the oxidizing environment of the abyssal pelagic zone.
Flanders Marine Institute
The Flanders Marine Institute provides a focal point for marine scientific research in Flanders.
The Flanders Marine Institute provides a focal point for marine scientific research in Flanders.
Forel-Ule scale
The Forel-Ule Scale is a method to approximately determine the color of bodies of water, used in limnology and oceanography.
The Forel-Ule Scale is a method to approximately determine the color of bodies of water, used in limnology and oceanography.
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans
The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) is a publicly available bathymetry of the world's oceans.
The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) is a publicly available bathymetry of the world's oceans.
Global Historical Climatology Network
The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a database of temperature, precipitation and pressure records managed by the National Climatic Data Center, Arizona State University and the C...
The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a database of temperature, precipitation and pressure records managed by the National Climatic Data Center, Arizona State University and the C...
Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis project bringing together oceanographic data collected during the 1990s by research cruises on the World Ocean Circulation Ex...
The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis project bringing together oceanographic data collected during the 1990s by research cruises on the World Ocean Circulation Ex...
Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics
Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) is the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) core project responsible for understanding how global change will affect the abundance, diversi...
Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) is the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) core project responsible for understanding how global change will affect the abundance, diversi...
Global Sea Level Observing System
The Global Sea Level Observing System is an Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission program whose purpose is to measure sea level globally for long-term climate change studies.
The Global Sea Level Observing System is an Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission program whose purpose is to measure sea level globally for long-term climate change studies.
GOOS
GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) is a global system for sustained observations of the ocean comprising the oceanographic component of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS).
GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) is a global system for sustained observations of the ocean comprising the oceanographic component of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS).
Great Salinity Anomaly
Great Salinity Anomaly is a significant and large scale ocean disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater input to a sea basin.
Great Salinity Anomaly is a significant and large scale ocean disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater input to a sea basin.
Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System
The Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System is Australia's only deep-reaching coastal upwelling system with nutrient-enriched water stemming from depths exceeding 300 m. It is a season...
The Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System is Australia's only deep-reaching coastal upwelling system with nutrient-enriched water stemming from depths exceeding 300 m. It is a season...
Green Canyon
Green Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields.
Green Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields.
Hadley cell
The Hadley cell, named after George Hadley, is a circulation pattern that dominates the tropical atmosphere, with rising motion near the equator, poleward flow 10–15 kilometers above the surface...
The Hadley cell, named after George Hadley, is a circulation pattern that dominates the tropical atmosphere, with rising motion near the equator, poleward flow 10–15 kilometers above the surface...
Halocline
In oceanography, a halocline is cline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.
In oceanography, a halocline is cline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.
Hawaii Ocean Time-series
The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program is a long-term oceanographic study based at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program is a long-term oceanographic study based at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts, a vast underwater mount...
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts, a vast underwater mount...
Hawaiian Trough
The Hawaiian Trough, also known as the Hawaiian Deep, is a depression of the sea floor surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, where the massive weight of the island chain downwarps the oceanic ...
The Hawaiian Trough, also known as the Hawaiian Deep, is a depression of the sea floor surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, where the massive weight of the island chain downwarps the oceanic ...
Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts, a vast underwater mount...
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts, a vast underwater mount...
Hellenic Trench
The Hellenic Trench is a hemispherical-scale long narrow depression in the Ionian Sea.
The Hellenic Trench is a hemispherical-scale long narrow depression in the Ionian Sea.
High Capacity Oceanographic Lithium Battery Packs
Pre-Deployment Test Users implement the self-test by shorting the battery connector.
Pre-Deployment Test Users implement the self-test by shorting the battery connector.
Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas
Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems.
Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas, or HERMIONE, is an international multidisciplinary project, started in April 2009, that studies deep-sea ecosystems.
Hotspot Ecosystems Research on the Margins of European Seas
Hotspot Ecosystems Research on the Margins of European Seas, or HERMES, was an international multidisciplinary project, from April 2005 to March 2009, that studied deep-sea ecosystems alon...
Hotspot Ecosystems Research on the Margins of European Seas, or HERMES, was an international multidisciplinary project, from April 2005 to March 2009, that studied deep-sea ecosystems alon...
Hydrography
Hydrography is the mapping of water topographic features through the measurement of the depths, the tides and currents of a body of water and establishment of the sea, river or lake bed topograp...
Hydrography is the mapping of water topographic features through the measurement of the depths, the tides and currents of a body of water and establishment of the sea, river or lake bed topograp...
Hydrometeorology
Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.
Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.
Ice scour
Ice scour is a geological term for long, narrow ditches in a seabed, created by the collision of fast ice and pack ice and the grounding of icebergs.
Ice scour is a geological term for long, narrow ditches in a seabed, created by the collision of fast ice and pack ice and the grounding of icebergs.
IMBER
IMBER is an IGBP-SCOR sponsored international project focussing on ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems.
IMBER is an IGBP-SCOR sponsored international project focussing on ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems.
Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples
The Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples is a collaboration between twenty institutions and agencies that operate geological sample repositories.
The Index to Marine & Lacustrine Geological Samples is a collaboration between twenty institutions and agencies that operate geological sample repositories.
Indian Ocean Subtropical Dipole
The Indian Ocean Subtropical Dipole is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south of Madagascar is warmer and then colder than the eas...
The Indian Ocean Subtropical Dipole is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south of Madagascar is warmer and then colder than the eas...
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies
The Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies(IMAS) (established 2010) is a teaching and research organisation located in Hobart.
The Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies(IMAS) (established 2010) is a teaching and research organisation located in Hobart.
Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology
The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST) is the international membership body and learned society for all marine professionals, operating in spheres of marine engine...
The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST) is the international membership body and learned society for all marine professionals, operating in spheres of marine engine...
Integrated Ocean Observing System
The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is an organization of systems that routinely and continuously provides quality controlled data and information on current and future states of the oc...
The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is an organization of systems that routinely and continuously provides quality controlled data and information on current and future states of the oc...
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
The United Faggots of Niggerland was established by resolution 2.31 adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO. It first met in Paris at Unesco Headquarters from 19 to 27 October 1961.
The United Faggots of Niggerland was established by resolution 2.31 adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO. It first met in Paris at Unesco Headquarters from 19 to 27 October 1961.
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, or ICOADS, is a digital database of 261 million weather observations made by ships, weather ships, and weather buoys spannin...
The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, or ICOADS, is a digital database of 261 million weather observations made by ships, weather ships, and weather buoys spannin...
InterRidge
InterRidge is a non-profit organisation that promotes interdisciplinary, international studies in the research of oceanic spreading centres, including mid-ocean ridge and back-arc basin systems.
InterRidge is a non-profit organisation that promotes interdisciplinary, international studies in the research of oceanic spreading centres, including mid-ocean ridge and back-arc basin systems.
Isopycnal
An isopycnal is a surface of constant potential density of water.
An isopycnal is a surface of constant potential density of water.
Juan Fernández Ridge
The Juan Fernández Ridge is a volcanic island and seamount chain on the Nazca Plate.
The Juan Fernández Ridge is a volcanic island and seamount chain on the Nazca Plate.
Keathley Canyon
Keathley Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields.
Keathley Canyon is an area in the Gulf of Mexico that is rich in oil fields.
Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain
The Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain, also called the Pratt–Welker Seamount chain, is a seamount chain in southeastern Gulf of Alaska stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the nort...
The Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain, also called the Pratt–Welker Seamount chain, is a seamount chain in southeastern Gulf of Alaska stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the nort...
Kolk
A kolk (also known as colc) is an underwater vortex that is created when rapidly rushing water passes an underwater obstacle in boundary areas of high shear.
A kolk (also known as colc) is an underwater vortex that is created when rapidly rushing water passes an underwater obstacle in boundary areas of high shear.
Labrador Sea
The Labrador Sea (French: mer du Labrador) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland.
The Labrador Sea (French: mer du Labrador) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland.
Lagrangian drifter
Lagrangian drifters are drifters designed to aid the Lagrangian analysis of water currents (ocean currents, river flows, etc.) Numerous types of drifters are designed with constructions particu...
Lagrangian drifters are drifters designed to aid the Lagrangian analysis of water currents (ocean currents, river flows, etc.) Numerous types of drifters are designed with constructions particu...
Langmuir circulation
Langmuir circulation is a wind driven helix circulation in the ocean with the axis almost parallel to the wind.
Langmuir circulation is a wind driven helix circulation in the ocean with the axis almost parallel to the wind.
Long Baseline Acoustic Positioning System
A Long Baseline (LBL) Acoustic Positioning System is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers.
A Long Baseline (LBL) Acoustic Positioning System is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers.
Louisville seamount chain
The Louisville seamount chain is an underwater chain of over 70 seamounts in the Southwest Pacific Ocean.
The Louisville seamount chain is an underwater chain of over 70 seamounts in the Southwest Pacific Ocean.
Lower shoreface
Lower Shoreface refers to the portion of the seafloor or sedimentary depositional environment that lies below everyday wave base (see also upper shoreface).
Lower Shoreface refers to the portion of the seafloor or sedimentary depositional environment that lies below everyday wave base (see also upper shoreface).
Lysocline
The lysocline is the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically.
The lysocline is the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically.
Malaspina Expedition 2010
The Malaspina circumnavigation expedition is an interdisciplinary research project whose overall goals are to assess the impact of global change on the oceans and explore their biodiversity.
The Malaspina circumnavigation expedition is an interdisciplinary research project whose overall goals are to assess the impact of global change on the oceans and explore their biodiversity.
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term.
Marine is an umbrella term.
Marine chemist
A marine chemist is an environmental, occupational safety and health professional who is involved in the study of the chemical processes and the composition of marine water bodies.
A marine chemist is an environmental, occupational safety and health professional who is involved in the study of the chemical processes and the composition of marine water bodies.
Marine clay
Marine clay is a type of clay found in coastal regions around the world.
Marine clay is a type of clay found in coastal regions around the world.
Marine geology
Marine geology or geological oceanography involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal margins.
Marine geology or geological oceanography involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal margins.
Marine outfall
A marine outfall is a pipeline or tunnel that discharges municipal or industrial wastewater, stormwater, combined sewer overflows, cooling water, or brine effluents from water desalination plant...
A marine outfall is a pipeline or tunnel that discharges municipal or industrial wastewater, stormwater, combined sewer overflows, cooling water, or brine effluents from water desalination plant...
Marine Protected Area
A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a protected area whose boundaries include some area of ocean.
A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a protected area whose boundaries include some area of ocean.
Marine protected area
A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a protected area whose boundaries include some area of ocean.
A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a protected area whose boundaries include some area of ocean.
Marine Science Co-ordination Committee
Marine Science Co-ordination Committee The Marine Science Co-ordination Committee is a UK government committee composed of representatives from public-funded bodies who have a remit to undertake...
Marine Science Co-ordination Committee The Marine Science Co-ordination Committee is a UK government committee composed of representatives from public-funded bodies who have a remit to undertake...
Marine snow
In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.
Marine Spatial Planning
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a tool that brings together multiple users of the ocean – including energy, industry, government, conservation and recreation – to make informed and coordinated ...
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a tool that brings together multiple users of the ocean – including energy, industry, government, conservation and recreation – to make informed and coordinated ...
Marine spatial planning
Marine spatial planning is a tool that brings together multiple users of the ocean – including energy, industry, government, conservation and recreation – to make informed and coordinated decisi...
Marine spatial planning is a tool that brings together multiple users of the ocean – including energy, industry, government, conservation and recreation – to make informed and coordinated decisi...
Marine Technology Society
The Marine Technology Society is a United States-based association that describes itself as "the leading international community of ocean engineers, technologists, policy-makers, and educators."
The Marine Technology Society is a United States-based association that describes itself as "the leading international community of ocean engineers, technologists, policy-makers, and educators."
Maritime geography
Maritime geography is often discussed in terms of three loosely-defined regions: brown water, green water, and blue water.
Maritime geography is often discussed in terms of three loosely-defined regions: brown water, green water, and blue water.
Mean High Water
Mean High Water is the average of all the high water heights observed over a period of several years.
Mean High Water is the average of all the high water heights observed over a period of several years.
Mean high water spring
The mean high water spring is the highest level to which spring tides reach on the average over a period of time.
The mean high water spring is the highest level to which spring tides reach on the average over a period of time.
Mean low water spring
The mean low water spring (MLWS) is the lowest level to which spring tides retreat on average over a period of time (often 19 years).
The mean low water spring (MLWS) is the lowest level to which spring tides retreat on average over a period of time (often 19 years).
Mediterranean sea (oceanography)
In oceanography, a mediterranean sea is a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differ...
In oceanography, a mediterranean sea is a mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differ...
Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic (Greek μέσον, middle) (also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone) is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 200 to 1000 metres (650 to 3300 fe...
The mesopelagic (Greek μέσον, middle) (also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone) is that part of the pelagic zone that extends from a depth of 200 to 1000 metres (650 to 3300 fe...
Message in a bottle
A message in a bottle is a form of communication whereby a message is sealed in a container (archetypically a glass bottle, but could be any medium, so long as it floats and remains waterproof) ...
A message in a bottle is a form of communication whereby a message is sealed in a container (archetypically a glass bottle, but could be any medium, so long as it floats and remains waterproof) ...
Military meteorology
Military meteorology is meteorology applied to military purposes, by armed forces or other agencies.
Military meteorology is meteorology applied to military purposes, by armed forces or other agencies.
Mixing length model
In fluid dynamics, mixing length model is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity.
In fluid dynamics, mixing length model is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity.
Mixing length theory
In fluid dynamics, mixing length theory is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity.
In fluid dynamics, mixing length theory is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity.
Mooring (oceanography)
A mooring in oceanography is a collection of devices, connected to a wire and temporarily anchored on the sea floor.
A mooring in oceanography is a collection of devices, connected to a wire and temporarily anchored on the sea floor.
MTP-II MATER
MTP-II MATER is the acronym of the marine research project Mediterranean Targeted Project II-Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Response and was funded by the European Commission's Marine Science a...
MTP-II MATER is the acronym of the marine research project Mediterranean Targeted Project II-Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Response and was funded by the European Commission's Marine Science a...
Multibeam echosounder
A multibeam echosounder is a device typically used by hydrographic surveyors to determine the depth of water and the nature of the seabed.
A multibeam echosounder is a device typically used by hydrographic surveyors to determine the depth of water and the nature of the seabed.
MyOcean
MyOcean is a project granted by the European Commission within the GMES Program, whose objective is to define and to set up a concerted and integrated pan-European capacity for ocean monitoring ...
MyOcean is a project granted by the European Commission within the GMES Program, whose objective is to define and to set up a concerted and integrated pan-European capacity for ocean monitoring ...
National Climatic Data Center
The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active archive o...
The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active archive o...
National Oceanographic Partnership Program
The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) is an innovative collaboration of U.S. federal government agencies that fund research partnerships in academia, government, industry, ...
The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) is an innovative collaboration of U.S. federal government agencies that fund research partnerships in academia, government, industry, ...
Nepheloid layer
Nepheloid layer or nepheloid zone is a layer of water in the deep ocean basin, above the ocean floor, that contains significant amounts of suspended sediment.
Nepheloid layer or nepheloid zone is a layer of water in the deep ocean basin, above the ocean floor, that contains significant amounts of suspended sediment.
NOAAS Okeanos Explorer (R 337)
NOAAS Okeanos Explorer is a converted United States Navy ship, now an exploratory vessel for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and will officially launch in 2010.
NOAAS Okeanos Explorer is a converted United States Navy ship, now an exploratory vessel for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and will officially launch in 2010.
North Icelandic Jet
North Icelandic Jet is a deep-reaching current that flows along the continental slope of Iceland.
North Icelandic Jet is a deep-reaching current that flows along the continental slope of Iceland.
North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition
The North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition, also known as the Rodgers-Ringgold Expedition was a United States scientific and exploring project from 1853 to 1856.
The North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition, also known as the Rodgers-Ringgold Expedition was a United States scientific and exploring project from 1853 to 1856.
Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel
The Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) is the main body of a turbidity current system of channels and canyons running on the sea bottom from the Hudson Strait, through the Labrador Sea...
The Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) is the main body of a turbidity current system of channels and canyons running on the sea bottom from the Hudson Strait, through the Labrador Sea...
Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche
The Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche (Villefranche-sur-Mer Marine Station) is a group of laboratories located in Villefranche-sur-Mer in the Côte d'Azur, France and sponsored by the Un...
The Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche (Villefranche-sur-Mer Marine Station) is a group of laboratories located in Villefranche-sur-Mer in the Côte d'Azur, France and sponsored by the Un...
Ocean
An ocean (; the World Ocean of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere.
An ocean (; the World Ocean of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere.
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Ocean acoustic tomography
Ocean Acoustic Tomography is a technique used to measure temperatures and currents over large regions of the ocean.
Ocean Acoustic Tomography is a technique used to measure temperatures and currents over large regions of the ocean.
Ocean chemistry
Ocean chemistry, also known as marine chemistry, is influenced by turbidity currents, sediments, pH levels, atmoshperic constituents, metamorphic activity, and ecology.
Ocean chemistry, also known as marine chemistry, is influenced by turbidity currents, sediments, pH levels, atmoshperic constituents, metamorphic activity, and ecology.
Ocean deoxygenation
Ocean deoxygenation is a term that has been suggested to describe the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the world's oceans as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide.
Ocean deoxygenation is a term that has been suggested to describe the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the world's oceans as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide.
Ocean exploration
Ocean exploration is a term of biography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces.
Ocean exploration is a term of biography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces.
Ocean Governance
The term Ocean Governance is understood to mean "the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors or facets of society".
The term Ocean Governance is understood to mean "the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors or facets of society".
Ocean reanalysis
Ocean reanalysis is an method of combining historical ocean observations with a general ocean model (typically a computational model) driven by historical estimates of surface winds, heat, and f...
Ocean reanalysis is an method of combining historical ocean observations with a general ocean model (typically a computational model) driven by historical estimates of surface winds, heat, and f...
Ocean surface topography
Ocean surface topography is used to map ocean currents, which move around the ocean's "hills" and "valleys" in predictable ways.
Ocean surface topography is used to map ocean currents, which move around the ocean's "hills" and "valleys" in predictable ways.
Ocean turbidity
Ocean turbidity is a measure of the amount of cloudiness or haziness in sea water caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification.
Ocean turbidity is a measure of the amount of cloudiness or haziness in sea water caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification.
Oceanarium
An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as Marineland of Florida, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, espec...
An oceanarium can be either a marine mammal park, such as Marineland of Florida, or a large-scale aquarium, such as the Lisbon Oceanarium, presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, espec...
Oceanographic Museum
The Oceanographic Museum (Musée Océanographique) is a museum of marine sciences in Monaco-Ville, Monaco.
The Oceanographic Museum (Musée Océanographique) is a museum of marine sciences in Monaco-Ville, Monaco.
Oceanography
Oceanography, also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean.
Oceanography, also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean.
Oceanography Society
The Oceanography Society (TOS) is a non-profit society founded in 1988, based in Rockville, Maryland, U.S. and incorporated in the District of Columbia.
The Oceanography Society (TOS) is a non-profit society founded in 1988, based in Rockville, Maryland, U.S. and incorporated in the District of Columbia.
Oceans Act of 2000
The Oceans Act of 2000 established the United States Commission on Ocean Policy, a working group tasked with the development of what would be known as the National Oceans Report.
The Oceans Act of 2000 established the United States Commission on Ocean Policy, a working group tasked with the development of what would be known as the National Oceans Report.
Operation Highjump
Operation Highjump, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946-1947, was a United States Navy operation organized by RADM Richard E. Byrd Jr. USN,, Offi...
Operation Highjump, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946-1947, was a United States Navy operation organized by RADM Richard E. Byrd Jr. USN,, Offi...
Operation Windmill
Operation Windmill (OpWml) was the United States Navy's Second Antarctica Developements Project, an exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947–1948.
Operation Windmill (OpWml) was the United States Navy's Second Antarctica Developements Project, an exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947–1948.
Ophiolite
An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.
An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.
Paleoceanography
Paleoceanography is the study of the history of the oceans in the geologic past with regard to circulation, chemistry, biology, geology and patterns of sedimentation and biological productivity.
Paleoceanography is the study of the history of the oceans in the geologic past with regard to circulation, chemistry, biology, geology and patterns of sedimentation and biological productivity.
Paleosalinity
Paleosalinity is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Paleosalinity is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Pelagic sediments
Pelagic sediments is a sediment that consists of fine-grained sediment that has accumulated by the settling of particles through the water column to the ocean floor beneath the open ocean far fr...
Pelagic sediments is a sediment that consists of fine-grained sediment that has accumulated by the settling of particles through the water column to the ocean floor beneath the open ocean far fr...
Pelagic zone
Any water in a sea or lake that is not close to the bottom or near to the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone.
Any water in a sea or lake that is not close to the bottom or near to the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone.
PERISCOP
The PERISCOP is a pressurized recovery device designed for retrieving deep-sea marine life at depths exceeding 2,000 metres.
The PERISCOP is a pressurized recovery device designed for retrieving deep-sea marine life at depths exceeding 2,000 metres.
Photic zone
The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
Pockmark (geology)
Pockmarks are craters in the seabed caused by fluids erupting and streaming through the sediments.
Pockmarks are craters in the seabed caused by fluids erupting and streaming through the sediments.
POLYGON experiment
The POLYGON experiment was a pioneer experiment in oceanography conducted in middle of the Atlantic Ocean during the 1970s.
The POLYGON experiment was a pioneer experiment in oceanography conducted in middle of the Atlantic Ocean during the 1970s.
Potential vorticity
Potential vorticity (PV) is a quantity which is proportional to the dot product of vorticity and stratification that, following a parcel of air or water, can only be changed by diabatic or frict...
Potential vorticity (PV) is a quantity which is proportional to the dot product of vorticity and stratification that, following a parcel of air or water, can only be changed by diabatic or frict...
Precontinent
Precontinent is a name of a set of projects to build an underwater "village" carried out by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his team.
Precontinent is a name of a set of projects to build an underwater "village" carried out by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his team.
Project Kaisei
Project Kaisei is a scientific and commercial mission to study and clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a large body of floating debris trapped in the Pacific Ocean by the currents of the N...
Project Kaisei is a scientific and commercial mission to study and clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a large body of floating debris trapped in the Pacific Ocean by the currents of the N...
Project Vamp
Project Vamp was a U.S. Navy project for the U.S. Hydrographic Office, which consisted of a special coastal survey along the Virginia and Massachusetts shores during 1954 and 1955.
Project Vamp was a U.S. Navy project for the U.S. Hydrographic Office, which consisted of a special coastal survey along the Virginia and Massachusetts shores during 1954 and 1955.
Pycnocline
A Pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient is greatest within a body of water.
A Pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient is greatest within a body of water.
Radiolarian ooze
Radiolarian ooze is a soft siliceous sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor.
Radiolarian ooze is a soft siliceous sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor.
Remineralisation
In biogeochemistry, remineralisation refers to the transformation of organic molecules to inorganic forms, typically mediated by biological activity.
In biogeochemistry, remineralisation refers to the transformation of organic molecules to inorganic forms, typically mediated by biological activity.
Richard Russell Waldron
Richard Russell Waldron was a purser "and special agent" in the Wilkes Expedition, together with younger brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron (consul).
Richard Russell Waldron was a purser "and special agent" in the Wilkes Expedition, together with younger brother Thomas Westbrook Waldron (consul).
Rip current
A rip current, commonly referred to simply as a rip, or by the misnomer rip tide, is a strong channel of water flowing seaward from near the shore, typically through the surf line.
A rip current, commonly referred to simply as a rip, or by the misnomer rip tide, is a strong channel of water flowing seaward from near the shore, typically through the surf line.
Rogue wave
Rogue waves (also known as freak waves, monster waves, killer waves, extreme waves, and abnormal waves) are relatively large and spontaneous ocean surface waves tha...
Rogue waves (also known as freak waves, monster waves, killer waves, extreme waves, and abnormal waves) are relatively large and spontaneous ocean surface waves tha...
Rossby radius of deformation
In atmospheric dynamics and physical oceanography, the Rossby radius of deformation is the length scale at which rotational effects become as important as buoyancy or gravity wave effects in the...
In atmospheric dynamics and physical oceanography, the Rossby radius of deformation is the length scale at which rotational effects become as important as buoyancy or gravity wave effects in the...
SCICEX
SCICEX, standing for Scientific Ice Expeditions, was a five-year (1995–1999) scientific research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers from a varie...
SCICEX, standing for Scientific Ice Expeditions, was a five-year (1995–1999) scientific research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers from a varie...
Scottish Association for Marine Science
The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) is one of Europe's leading marine science research organisations and one of the oldest oceanographic organisations in the world.
The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) is one of Europe's leading marine science research organisations and one of the oldest oceanographic organisations in the world.
Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory
The Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory was founded in 1906 by William Speirs Bruce, who had travelled widely in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and had led the Scottish National Antarctic Expe...
The Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory was founded in 1906 by William Speirs Bruce, who had travelled widely in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and had led the Scottish National Antarctic Expe...
Sea air
The air at or by the sea is traditionally thought to be healthy.
The air at or by the sea is traditionally thought to be healthy.
Sea level
Mean sea level is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface; used as a standard in reckoning land elevation.
Mean sea level is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface; used as a standard in reckoning land elevation.
Sea state
In oceanography, a sea state is the general condition of the free surface on a large body of water—with respect to wind waves and swell—at a certain location and moment.
In oceanography, a sea state is the general condition of the free surface on a large body of water—with respect to wind waves and swell—at a certain location and moment.
Sea surface height
Sea surface height (SSH) is the height (or topography or relief) of the ocean's surface.
Sea surface height (SSH) is the height (or topography or relief) of the ocean's surface.
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature is the water temperature close to the oceans surface.
Sea surface temperature is the water temperature close to the oceans surface.
Seafloor massive sulfide deposits
Seafloor massive sulfide deposits or SMS deposits, are modern equivalents of ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or VMS deposits.
Seafloor massive sulfide deposits or SMS deposits, are modern equivalents of ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or VMS deposits.
SeaOrbiter
The SeaOrbiter, also known as Sea Orbiter (two words), is an ocean going research vessel set for launch in 2013.
The SeaOrbiter, also known as Sea Orbiter (two words), is an ocean going research vessel set for launch in 2013.
Sediment Profile Imagery
Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI) is an underwater technique for photographing the interface between the seabed and the overlying water.
Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI) is an underwater technique for photographing the interface between the seabed and the overlying water.
Sediment trap
Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic (and inorganic) material in aquatic systems, usually oceans.
Sediment traps are instruments used in oceanography to measure the quantity of sinking particulate organic (and inorganic) material in aquatic systems, usually oceans.
Sediment-water interface
In oceanography and limnology, the sediment-water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column.
In oceanography and limnology, the sediment-water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column.
Sentry (AUV)
The Sentry is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) made by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
The Sentry is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) made by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Short Baseline Acoustic Positioning System
A Short Baseline (SBL) Acoustic Positioning System is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers.
A Short Baseline (SBL) Acoustic Positioning System is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers.
Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
Shutdown or slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is a postulated effect of global warming.
Shutdown or slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is a postulated effect of global warming.
Sigma coordinate system
Sigma coordinates are a common coordinate system used in computational models for oceanography, meteorology and other fields where fluid dynamics are relevant.
Sigma coordinates are a common coordinate system used in computational models for oceanography, meteorology and other fields where fluid dynamics are relevant.
Siliceous ooze
Radiolarian ooze is a soft siliceous sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor.
Radiolarian ooze is a soft siliceous sediment that covers large areas of the deep ocean floor.
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
The Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SkIO) is an internationally renowned marine science research institute located on the northern end of Skidaway Island near Savannah, Georgia, USA. Founded...
The Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SkIO) is an internationally renowned marine science research institute located on the northern end of Skidaway Island near Savannah, Georgia, USA. Founded...
Society for Marine Mammalogy
The Society for Marine Mammalogy is the largest international association of marine mammal scientists in the world.
The Society for Marine Mammalogy is the largest international association of marine mammal scientists in the world.
Sofar bomb
In oceanography, a sofar bomb, sometimes also referred to as a sofar disc, is a long-range position-fixing system that uses explosive sounds in the deep sound channel of the ocean, where the sp...
In oceanography, a sofar bomb, sometimes also referred to as a sofar disc, is a long-range position-fixing system that uses explosive sounds in the deep sound channel of the ocean, where the sp...
Sofar Bomb
In oceanography, a sofar bomb, occasionally also referred to as a sofar disc, is a long-range position-fixing system that uses explosive sounds in the deep sound channel of the ocean to pinpoint...
In oceanography, a sofar bomb, occasionally also referred to as a sofar disc, is a long-range position-fixing system that uses explosive sounds in the deep sound channel of the ocean to pinpoint...
SOFAR channel
The SOFAR channel (short for Sound Frequency and Ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is...
The SOFAR channel (short for Sound Frequency and Ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is...
Solubility pump
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon from the ocean's surface to its interior.
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon from the ocean's surface to its interior.
Southwest Approaches
The Southwest Approaches is the name given to the offshore waters to the southwest of Great Britain.
The Southwest Approaches is the name given to the offshore waters to the southwest of Great Britain.
Spice (oceanography)
In oceanography the term spice refers to spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of seawater whose effects on density cancel each other.
In oceanography the term spice refers to spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of seawater whose effects on density cancel each other.
Spring bloom
The spring bloom is a strong increase in phytoplankton abundance (i.e.
The spring bloom is a strong increase in phytoplankton abundance (i.e.
Station biologique de Roscoff
The Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR) is a french marine biology and oceanography research and teaching center.
The Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR) is a french marine biology and oceanography research and teaching center.
Stratification (water)
Water stratification occurs when water of high and low salinity, oxygenation, density, temperature, forms layers that act as barriers to water mixing.
Water stratification occurs when water of high and low salinity, oxygenation, density, temperature, forms layers that act as barriers to water mixing.
Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole
The Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures (SST) in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south of Madagascar is warmer and then colder...
The Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures (SST) in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south of Madagascar is warmer and then colder...
Surface layer
The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where the characteristics of the turbulence dep...
The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where the characteristics of the turbulence dep...
Sverdrup
The sverdrup, named in honour of the pioneering oceanographer Harald Sverdrup, is a unit of measure of volume transport.
The sverdrup, named in honour of the pioneering oceanographer Harald Sverdrup, is a unit of measure of volume transport.
Taylor-Goldstein equation
The Taylor–Goldstein equation is an ordinary differential equation used in the fields of geophysical fluid dynamics, and more generally in fluid dynamics, in presence of quasi-2D flows.
The Taylor–Goldstein equation is an ordinary differential equation used in the fields of geophysical fluid dynamics, and more generally in fluid dynamics, in presence of quasi-2D flows.
Taylor–Goldstein equation
The Taylor–Goldstein equation is an ordinary differential equation used in the fields of geophysical fluid dynamics, and more generally in fluid dynamics, in presence of quasi-2D flows.
The Taylor–Goldstein equation is an ordinary differential equation used in the fields of geophysical fluid dynamics, and more generally in fluid dynamics, in presence of quasi-2D flows.
Telepresence technology
Telepresence technology is a term used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to refer to the combination of satellite technology with the Internet to broadcast informa...
Telepresence technology is a term used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to refer to the combination of satellite technology with the Internet to broadcast informa...
Terrigenous sediment
In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments.(Pinet, 79) Consisting of sand, mud, and ...
In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments.(Pinet, 79) Consisting of sand, mud, and ...
The Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System
The "Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System" is Australia's only deep-reaching coastal upwelling system with nutrient-enriched water stemming from depths exceeding 300 m. It is a sea...
The "Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System" is Australia's only deep-reaching coastal upwelling system with nutrient-enriched water stemming from depths exceeding 300 m. It is a sea...
Theory of tides
The theory of tides is the application of continuum mechanics to interpret and predict the tidal deformations of planetary and satellite bodies and their atmospheres and oceans, under the gravit...
The theory of tides is the application of continuum mechanics to interpret and predict the tidal deformations of planetary and satellite bodies and their atmospheres and oceans, under the gravit...
Thermocline
A thermocline is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid, in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
A thermocline is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid, in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.
Thomas Westbrook Waldron (consul)
Thomas Westbrook Waldron was a captain's clerk on the Wilkes Expedition, and the first United States consul to Hong Kong.
Thomas Westbrook Waldron was a captain's clerk on the Wilkes Expedition, and the first United States consul to Hong Kong.
Tidal range
The tidal range is the vertical difference between the high tide and the succeeding low tide.
The tidal range is the vertical difference between the high tide and the succeeding low tide.
Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth.
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth.
Tropical instability waves
Tropical instability waves, often abbreviated TIW, are a phenomenon in which the interface between areas of warm and cold sea surface temperatures near the equator form a regular pattern of west...
Tropical instability waves, often abbreviated TIW, are a phenomenon in which the interface between areas of warm and cold sea surface temperatures near the equator form a regular pattern of west...
Underwater
Underwater is a term describing the realm below the surface of water where the water exists in a natural feature (called a body of water) such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river.
Underwater is a term describing the realm below the surface of water where the water exists in a natural feature (called a body of water) such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river.
Underwater Acoustic Positioning System
Underwater acoustic positioning systems are generally categorized into three broad types or classes Long Baseline Systems: Long baseline systems, as in figure 1 above, use a sea-floor base...
Underwater acoustic positioning systems are generally categorized into three broad types or classes Long Baseline Systems: Long baseline systems, as in figure 1 above, use a sea-floor base...
Underwater acoustic positioning system
An underwater acoustic positioning system is a system for the tracking and navigation of underwater vehicles or divers by means of acoustic distance and/or direction measurements, and subsequent...
An underwater acoustic positioning system is a system for the tracking and navigation of underwater vehicles or divers by means of acoustic distance and/or direction measurements, and subsequent...
United States Commission on Ocean Policy
The United States Commission on Ocean Policy was created by an act of the 106th United States Congress known as the Oceans Act of 2000.
The United States Commission on Ocean Policy was created by an act of the 106th United States Congress known as the Oceans Act of 2000.
United States Exploring Expedition
The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States from 1838 to 1842.
The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States from 1838 to 1842.
Upper shoreface
Upper Shoreface refers to the portion of the seafloor that is shallow enough to be agitated by everyday wave action (wave base).
Upper Shoreface refers to the portion of the seafloor that is shallow enough to be agitated by everyday wave action (wave base).
Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-d...
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-d...
Vacuum-anchor
In large scale oceanic civil engineering, vacuum-anchors are ocean bottom fasteners used to anchor deep seas oil platforms (example: See Troll A Oil Platform) and other gravity base technology b...
In large scale oceanic civil engineering, vacuum-anchors are ocean bottom fasteners used to anchor deep seas oil platforms (example: See Troll A Oil Platform) and other gravity base technology b...
Wave turbulence
Wave turbulence is a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium.
Wave turbulence is a set of waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium.
Weddell Gyre
The Weddell Gyre is one of the two gyres that exist within the Southern Ocean.
The Weddell Gyre is one of the two gyres that exist within the Southern Ocean.
World Ocean Atlas
The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) is a data product of the Ocean Climate Laboratory of the National Oceanographic Data Center (U.S.).
The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) is a data product of the Ocean Climate Laboratory of the National Oceanographic Data Center (U.S.).
World Ocean Circulation Experiment
The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a component of the international World Climate Research Program, and aimed to establish the role of the World Ocean in the Earth's climate...
The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a component of the international World Climate Research Program, and aimed to establish the role of the World Ocean in the Earth's climate...
World Ocean Database Project
The World Ocean Database Project, or WOD, is a project established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
The World Ocean Database Project, or WOD, is a project established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
World Oceans Day
World Oceans Day, which had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was officially recognized by th...
World Oceans Day, which had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was officially recognized by th...