SettingsPhonetics
Acoustic landmarks and distinctive features
Acoustic landmarks and distinctive features is the name of a proposed a model of speech perception by Kenneth N. Stevens and his colleagues at MIT.
Acoustic landmarks and distinctive features is the name of a proposed a model of speech perception by Kenneth N. Stevens and his colleagues at MIT.
Acoustic phonetics
Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds.
Acoustic phonetics is a subfield of phonetics which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds.
Airstream mechanism
In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract.
In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract.
Allophone
In phonology, an allophone (; from the ἄλλος, állos, "other" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice, sound") is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a singl...
In phonology, an allophone (; from the ἄλλος, állos, "other" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice, sound") is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a singl...
Allophonic rule
An allophonic rule is a phonological rule that indicates which allophone realizes a phoneme in a given phonemic environment.
An allophonic rule is a phonological rule that indicates which allophone realizes a phoneme in a given phonemic environment.
Alveolar ridge
An alveolar ridge (; also known as the alveolar margin) is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mou...
An alveolar ridge (; also known as the alveolar margin) is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mou...
Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate
The alveolo-palatal ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
The alveolo-palatal ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
Analytical phonics
Analytical Phonics refers to an approach to the teaching of reading in which the phonemes associated with particular graphemes are not pronounced in isolation.
Analytical Phonics refers to an approach to the teaching of reading in which the phonemes associated with particular graphemes are not pronounced in isolation.
Apheresis (linguistics)
In phonetics, apheresis is the loss of one or more sounds from the beginning of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel.
In phonetics, apheresis is the loss of one or more sounds from the beginning of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel.
Articulation (phonetics)
In phonetics and phonology, articulation is the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs in order to make speech sounds.
In phonetics and phonology, articulation is the movement of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs in order to make speech sounds.
Articulatory phonology
Articulatory phonology is a linguistic theory originally proposed in 1986 by Catherine Browman of Haskins Laboratories and Louis M. Goldstein of Yale University and Haskins.
Articulatory phonology is a linguistic theory originally proposed in 1986 by Catherine Browman of Haskins Laboratories and Louis M. Goldstein of Yale University and Haskins.
Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
Aspiration (phonetics)
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.
Assibilation
In linguistics, assibilation is the term for a sound change resulting in a sibilant consonant.
In linguistics, assibilation is the term for a sound change resulting in a sibilant consonant.
Assimilation (linguistics)
In linguistics, assimilation is a common phonological process by which one sound becomes more like a nearby sound.
In linguistics, assimilation is a common phonological process by which one sound becomes more like a nearby sound.
Auditory phonetics
Auditory phonetics is a branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing of speech sounds and with speech perception.
Auditory phonetics is a branch of phonetics concerned with the hearing of speech sounds and with speech perception.
Bank of English
The Bank of English is the name of the COBUILD corpus, a collection of English texts.
The Bank of English is the name of the COBUILD corpus, a collection of English texts.
Buckeye Corpus
The Buckeye Corpus of conversational speech is a speech corpus created by a team of linguists and psychologists at Ohio State University led by Prof.
The Buckeye Corpus of conversational speech is a speech corpus created by a team of linguists and psychologists at Ohio State University led by Prof.
Cambridge English Corpus
The Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billion word corpus of English language.
The Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billion word corpus of English language.
Chinese vowel diagram
A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese.
A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese.
Click consonant
Clicks are speech sounds found as consonants in many languages of southern Africa, and in three languages of East Africa.
Clicks are speech sounds found as consonants in many languages of southern Africa, and in three languages of East Africa.
Clipping (phonetics)
In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel.
In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel.
Cluster reduction
In phonology and historical linguistics, cluster reduction is the simplification of consonant clusters in certain environments or over time.
In phonology and historical linguistics, cluster reduction is the simplification of consonant clusters in certain environments or over time.
Coarticulation
Coarticulation in its general sense refers to a situation in which a conceptually isolated speech sound is influenced by, and becomes more like, a preceding or following speech sound.
Coarticulation in its general sense refers to a situation in which a conceptually isolated speech sound is influenced by, and becomes more like, a preceding or following speech sound.
Consonant cluster
In linguistics, a consonant cluster is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel.
In linguistics, a consonant cluster is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel.
Continuant
A continuant is a sound produced with an incomplete closure of the vocal tract, that is, any sound except a stop (plosive).
A continuant is a sound produced with an incomplete closure of the vocal tract, that is, any sound except a stop (plosive).
Contrastive stress
Contrastive stress is the stressing of a word or syllable different from its normal accentuation or pronunciation for the purpose of providing contrast or focus from an alternative word or syllable.
Contrastive stress is the stressing of a word or syllable different from its normal accentuation or pronunciation for the purpose of providing contrast or focus from an alternative word or syllable.
Delayed release (feature)
In feature-based phonology, delayed release is a distinctive feature representing how quickly the closure in a non-continuant consonant is released.
In feature-based phonology, delayed release is a distinctive feature representing how quickly the closure in a non-continuant consonant is released.
Denasal
In phonetics, denasalization is the loss of nasal airflow in a nasal sound, such as a nasal consonant or a nasal vowel.
In phonetics, denasalization is the loss of nasal airflow in a nasal sound, such as a nasal consonant or a nasal vowel.
Diction
Diction, prononced, in its original, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a poem or story.
Diction, prononced, in its original, primary meaning, refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a poem or story.
Diphone
In phonetics, a diphone is an adjacent pair of phones.
In phonetics, a diphone is an adjacent pair of phones.
Diphthong
A diphthong ( or ; Greek:, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable.
A diphthong ( or ; Greek:, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable.
Doubly articulated consonant
Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.).
Doubly articulated consonants are consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.).
Downdrift
In phonetics, downdrift is the cumulative lowering of pitch over time due to interactions among tones, called downstep, in a tonal language.
In phonetics, downdrift is the cumulative lowering of pitch over time due to interactions among tones, called downstep, in a tonal language.
Downstep (phonetics)
In phonetics, downstep is a phonemic or phonetic downward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
In phonetics, downstep is a phonemic or phonetic downward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
Duplex perception
Duplex perception refers to the linguistic phenomenon whereby "part of the acoustic signal is used for both a speech and a nonspeech percept."
Duplex perception refers to the linguistic phenomenon whereby "part of the acoustic signal is used for both a speech and a nonspeech percept."
Echo vowel
In speech, an echo vowel is a vowel that repeats the final vowel in a word.
In speech, an echo vowel is a vowel that repeats the final vowel in a word.
Egressive sound
In human speech, egressive sounds are sounds by which the air stream is created by pushing air out through the mouth or nose.
In human speech, egressive sounds are sounds by which the air stream is created by pushing air out through the mouth or nose.
Emphatic consonant
Emphatic consonant is a term widely used in Semitic linguistics to describe one of a series of obstruent consonants which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
Emphatic consonant is a term widely used in Semitic linguistics to describe one of a series of obstruent consonants which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
Enunciation
Mohamed once said that enunciation is the act of speaking.
Mohamed once said that enunciation is the act of speaking.
EXMARaLDA
EXMARaLDA (Extensible Markup Language for Discourse Annotation) is a set of free software tools for creating, manageing and analyzing spoken language corpora.
EXMARaLDA (Extensible Markup Language for Discourse Annotation) is a set of free software tools for creating, manageing and analyzing spoken language corpora.
Experimental Phonetics
Experimental Phonetics is the branch of general phonetics that deals with the study of the sounds and other human speech units applying so-called experimental method.
Experimental Phonetics is the branch of general phonetics that deals with the study of the sounds and other human speech units applying so-called experimental method.
Experimental phonetics
Experimental phonetics is the branch of general phonetics that deals with the study of the sounds and other human speech units applying so-called experimental method.
Experimental phonetics is the branch of general phonetics that deals with the study of the sounds and other human speech units applying so-called experimental method.
Extra-short
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses a breve,, to indicate a speech sound with less than normal or extra short duration.
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses a breve,, to indicate a speech sound with less than normal or extra short duration.
Extrametricality
Extrametricality is a tool for prodosic analysis of a word in linguistics.
Extrametricality is a tool for prodosic analysis of a word in linguistics.
Final obstruent devoicing
Final obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.
Final obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.
Final-obstruent devoicing
Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.
Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.
Four tones (Chinese)
The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words which derive from the four phonemic tones of Middle Chinese.
The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words which derive from the four phonemic tones of Middle Chinese.
Gemination
In phonetics, gemination happens when a spoken consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short consonant.
In phonetics, gemination happens when a spoken consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short consonant.
Glottalization
Glottalization is the complete or partial closure of the glottis during the articulation of another sound.
Glottalization is the complete or partial closure of the glottis during the articulation of another sound.
Glottis
The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds (the rima glottidis).
The glottis is defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds (the rima glottidis).
Guttural R
In linguistics, guttural R refers to pronunciation of a rhotic consonant as a guttural consonant.
In linguistics, guttural R refers to pronunciation of a rhotic consonant as a guttural consonant.
Haskins Laboratories
Haskins Laboratories is an independent, international, multidisciplinary community of researchers conducting basic research on spoken and written language.
Haskins Laboratories is an independent, international, multidisciplinary community of researchers conducting basic research on spoken and written language.
Hiatus (linguistics)
In phonology, hiatus (; "gaping") or diaeresis ( or, from Ancient Greek diairesis "division") refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant.
In phonology, hiatus (; "gaping") or diaeresis ( or, from Ancient Greek diairesis "division") refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant.
High rising terminal
The high rising terminal (HRT), also known as uptalk, upspeak, rising inflection or high rising intonation (HRI), is a feature of some accents of English where statements...
The high rising terminal (HRT), also known as uptalk, upspeak, rising inflection or high rising intonation (HRI), is a feature of some accents of English where statements...
Homorganic consonants
Homorganic consonants is a phonetics term for consonant sounds which are articulated in the same position or place of articulation in the mouth, such as, or.
Homorganic consonants is a phonetics term for consonant sounds which are articulated in the same position or place of articulation in the mouth, such as, or.
Hooked on Phonics
Hooked on Phonics is a commercial brand of educational materials, originally designed for reading education through phonetics.
Hooked on Phonics is a commercial brand of educational materials, originally designed for reading education through phonetics.
Human voice
The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc.
The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc.
Imāla
Imāla is a shift exhibited in many Modern and Classical accents of Arabic, where the vowel æ
Be it long or short, is raised to ɛ
Or even e
In certain morphological or phonological contexts.
Imāla is a shift exhibited in many Modern and Classical accents of Arabic, where the vowel æ
Be it long or short, is raised to ɛ
Or even e
In certain morphological or phonological contexts.
Ingressive sound
In human speech, ingressive sounds are sounds by which the air stream flows inward through the mouth or nose.
In human speech, ingressive sounds are sounds by which the air stream flows inward through the mouth or nose.
Ingressive speech
Ingressive speech (IS) is when sounds are articulated with the flow of air in opposition to the flow that would be experienced during normal speech.
Ingressive speech (IS) is when sounds are articulated with the flow of air in opposition to the flow that would be experienced during normal speech.
Interdental consonant
Interdental consonants are produced by placing the blade of the tongue (the top surface just behind the tip of the tongue) against the upper incisors.
Interdental consonants are produced by placing the blade of the tongue (the top surface just behind the tip of the tongue) against the upper incisors.
Intervocalic consonant
In phonetics and phonology, an intervocalic consonant is a consonant that occurs in the middle of a word, between two vowels.
In phonetics and phonology, an intervocalic consonant is a consonant that occurs in the middle of a word, between two vowels.
Intonation (linguistics)
In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words.
In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words.
INTSINT
INTSINT is an acronym for INternational Transcription System for INTonation.
INTSINT is an acronym for INternational Transcription System for INTonation.
Isochrony
Isochrony is the idea that a language rhythmically divides time into equal portions.
Isochrony is the idea that a language rhythmically divides time into equal portions.
Jolly Phonics
Jolly Phonics is a systematic, sequential, phonics program designed to teach children to read.
Jolly Phonics is a systematic, sequential, phonics program designed to teach children to read.
Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie
The Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie (LPP) is a CNRS laboratory affiliated with the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris, France.
The Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie (LPP) is a CNRS laboratory affiliated with the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris, France.
Laboratory phonology
Laboratory phonology is an approach to phonology that de-emphasizes the role of phonological theory, and instead emphasizes the importance of careful laboratory studies of human speech.
Laboratory phonology is an approach to phonology that de-emphasizes the role of phonological theory, and instead emphasizes the importance of careful laboratory studies of human speech.
Lallation
A Lallation is an imperfect enunciation of the letter "R", in which it sounds like "L", as frequently found in infantile speech.
A Lallation is an imperfect enunciation of the letter "R", in which it sounds like "L", as frequently found in infantile speech.
Language Made Plain
Language Made Plain by Anthony Burgess is a brief overview of the field of linguistics.
Language Made Plain by Anthony Burgess is a brief overview of the field of linguistics.
Larynx
The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against fo...
The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against fo...
Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing (LiPS) Program
The Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing program was developed by Patricia Lindamood, a speech and language pathologist and co-founder of Lindamood-Bell Learning Processes.
The Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing program was developed by Patricia Lindamood, a speech and language pathologist and co-founder of Lindamood-Bell Learning Processes.
Linguistic performance
In linguistics, performance has two senses: : A technique used in phonetics whereby aspiring practitioners of the subject are trained to control the use of their vocal organs : A term used in th...
In linguistics, performance has two senses: : A technique used in phonetics whereby aspiring practitioners of the subject are trained to control the use of their vocal organs : A term used in th...
Linking and intrusive R
Linking R and intrusive R are sandhi or linking phenomena involving the appearance of the rhotic consonant (which normally corresponds to the letter ⟨r⟩) between two consecutive morphe...
Linking R and intrusive R are sandhi or linking phenomena involving the appearance of the rhotic consonant (which normally corresponds to the letter ⟨r⟩) between two consecutive morphe...
Liquid consonant
In phonetics, liquids or liquid consonants are a class of consonants consisting of lateral consonants together with rhotics.
In phonetics, liquids or liquid consonants are a class of consonants consisting of lateral consonants together with rhotics.
Lombard effect
The Lombard effect or Lombard reflex is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in loud noise to enhance the audibility of their voice.
The Lombard effect or Lombard reflex is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in loud noise to enhance the audibility of their voice.
Ludimar Hermann
Ludimar Hermann (October 31, 1838, Berlin – June 5, 1914, Königsberg) was a German physiologist and speech scientist who used the Edison phonograph to test theories of vowel production, pa...
Ludimar Hermann (October 31, 1838, Berlin – June 5, 1914, Königsberg) was a German physiologist and speech scientist who used the Edison phonograph to test theories of vowel production, pa...
Léon Roques
Léon Roques (1839–1923), French transcriber.
Léon Roques (1839–1923), French transcriber.
Manner of articulation
In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound.
In linguistics, manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound.
Minor syllable
Minor syllable is a term used primarily in the description of Mon-Khmer languages, where a word typically consists of a reduced syllable followed by a full tonic or stressed syllable.
Minor syllable is a term used primarily in the description of Mon-Khmer languages, where a word typically consists of a reduced syllable followed by a full tonic or stressed syllable.
Momel
Momel is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.
Momel is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.
Momel (algorithm)
Momel is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.
Momel is an algorithm developed by Daniel Hirst and Robert Espesser at the CNRS Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Aix-en-Provence: for the analysis and synthesis of intonation patterns.
Motor theory of speech perception
The motor theory of speech perception is the hypothesis that people perceive spoken words by identifying the vocal tract gestures with which they are pronounced rather than by identifying the so...
The motor theory of speech perception is the hypothesis that people perceive spoken words by identifying the vocal tract gestures with which they are pronounced rather than by identifying the so...
Mouille
Mouille is a phonetic term that applies to certain consonants having a palatalized, "liquid" or softened sound.
Mouille is a phonetic term that applies to certain consonants having a palatalized, "liquid" or softened sound.
Mouillé
Mouillé is a term describing a palatal or palatalized consonant, particularly l or n.
Mouillé is a term describing a palatal or palatalized consonant, particularly l or n.
Nasal emission
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a palatal cleft, or from some other type of velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI), during the production of a consonant that requires a build...
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a palatal cleft, or from some other type of velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI), during the production of a consonant that requires a build...
Nasal voice
A nasal voice is a type of speaking voice characterized by speech with a "nasal" quality to it.
A nasal voice is a type of speaking voice characterized by speech with a "nasal" quality to it.
Nasality
In normal speech, nasality is referred to as nasalization and is a linguistic category that can apply to vowels or consonants in a specific language.
In normal speech, nasality is referred to as nasalization and is a linguistic category that can apply to vowels or consonants in a specific language.
Nasalization
In phonetics, nasalization is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.
In phonetics, nasalization is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.
Nasometry
Nasometry refers to measurement of the modulation of the area of the velopharyngeal opening, using movements of the velum and pharyngeal walls, in speech and singing.
Nasometry refers to measurement of the modulation of the area of the velopharyngeal opening, using movements of the velum and pharyngeal walls, in speech and singing.
National Center for Voice and Speech
The National Center for Voice and Speech (NCVS), is a multi-site research and teaching organization dedicated to studying the characteristics, limitations and enhancement of human voice and speech.
The National Center for Voice and Speech (NCVS), is a multi-site research and teaching organization dedicated to studying the characteristics, limitations and enhancement of human voice and speech.
On (Japanese prosody)
The term "On" (rarely "Onji") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry.
The term "On" (rarely "Onji") refers to counting phonetic sounds in Japanese poetry.
Onji
Onji is an obsolete Japanese word used in English-language discussion of Japanese poetry to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka and other such poetic forms.
Onji is an obsolete Japanese word used in English-language discussion of Japanese poetry to mean the phonetic units counted in haiku, tanka and other such poetic forms.
Oxford University Phonetics Lab
The Phonetics Laboratory is the phonetics laboratory at the University of Oxford, England.
The Phonetics Laboratory is the phonetics laboratory at the University of Oxford, England.
Pattern playback
The Pattern playback is an early talking device that was built by Dr. Franklin S. Cooper and his colleagues, including John M. Borst and Caryl Haskins, at Haskins Laboratories in the late 1940s ...
The Pattern playback is an early talking device that was built by Dr. Franklin S. Cooper and his colleagues, including John M. Borst and Caryl Haskins, at Haskins Laboratories in the late 1940s ...
Pharyngealization
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
Phoneme
A phoneme is a basic element of a spoken language or dialect, from which words in that language or dialect are analyzed as being built up.
A phoneme is a basic element of a spoken language or dialect, from which words in that language or dialect are analyzed as being built up.
Phonemic awareness
Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning.
Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning.
Phonemic orthography
A phonemic orthography is an orthography in which the graphemes correspond to the phonemes of the language.
A phonemic orthography is an orthography in which the graphemes correspond to the phonemes of the language.
Phonestheme
The term phonestheme (or phonaestheme in British English) was coined in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth (from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception"...
The term phonestheme (or phonaestheme in British English) was coined in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth (from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception"...
Phonetic palindrome
A phonetic palindrome is a portion of sound or phrase of speech which is identical or roughly identical when reversed.
A phonetic palindrome is a portion of sound or phrase of speech which is identical or roughly identical when reversed.
Phonetic reversal
Phonetic reversal is the process of reversing the phonemes of a word or phrase.
Phonetic reversal is the process of reversing the phonemes of a word or phrase.
Phonetic symbols in Unicode
Unicode supports several phonetic scripts and notations through the existing writing systems and the addition of extra blocks with phonetic characters.
Unicode supports several phonetic scripts and notations through the existing writing systems and the addition of extra blocks with phonetic characters.
Phonetical singing
Phonetical singing is when a singer learns, and performs, the lyrics of a song by the words' phonetic sounds without understanding much of the content of the lyrics.
Phonetical singing is when a singer learns, and performs, the lyrics of a song by the words' phonetic sounds without understanding much of the content of the lyrics.
Phonetics
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
Phonological awareness
Phonological awareness refers to an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of spoken words.
Phonological awareness refers to an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of spoken words.
Phonological deficit
The phonological deficit hypothesis is a prevalent cognitive-level explanation for the cause of reading difficulties and dyslexia.
The phonological deficit hypothesis is a prevalent cognitive-level explanation for the cause of reading difficulties and dyslexia.
Place of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articu...
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articu...
Praat
Praat (also the Dutch word for "talk") is a free scientific software program for the analysis of speech in phonetics.
Praat (also the Dutch word for "talk") is a free scientific software program for the analysis of speech in phonetics.
Pre-occlusion
Pre-occlusion is a phonological process, involving the insertion of a very short plosive consonant before a sonorant consonant.
Pre-occlusion is a phonological process, involving the insertion of a very short plosive consonant before a sonorant consonant.
Pre-voicing (phonetics)
In phonetics, prevoicing means that voicing begins before the release of a stop consonant.
In phonetics, prevoicing means that voicing begins before the release of a stop consonant.
Preaspiration
In phonetics, preaspiration is a period of voicelessness or aspiration preceding the closure of a voiceless obstruent, basically equivalent to an -like sound preceding the obstruent.
In phonetics, preaspiration is a period of voicelessness or aspiration preceding the closure of a voiceless obstruent, basically equivalent to an -like sound preceding the obstruent.
Presbylarynx
The Presbylarynx is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina.
The Presbylarynx is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina.
Pronunciation
Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word.
Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word.
Pronunciation respelling
Pronunciation respelling is a notation used to convey the pronunciation of words, in a language, such as English, which doesn't have a phonemic orthography.
Pronunciation respelling is a notation used to convey the pronunciation of words, in a language, such as English, which doesn't have a phonemic orthography.
Pronunciation spelling
A pronunciation spelling of a word is a spelling different from the standard spelling, used to emphasize a particular pronunciation of the word.
A pronunciation spelling of a word is a spelling different from the standard spelling, used to emphasize a particular pronunciation of the word.
Prosodic unit
In linguistics, a prosodic unit, often called an intonation unit or intonational phrase, is a segment of speech that occurs with a single prosodic contour (pitch and rhythm contour).
In linguistics, a prosodic unit, often called an intonation unit or intonational phrase, is a segment of speech that occurs with a single prosodic contour (pitch and rhythm contour).
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (pronounced ) is the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech.
In linguistics, prosody (pronounced ) is the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech.
R-colored vowel
In phonetics, an R-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a vocalic R or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third...
In phonetics, an R-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a vocalic R or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third...
Relative articulation
In descriptions of phonetics and phonology, the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound may be specified relative to some point of comparison.
In descriptions of phonetics and phonology, the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound may be specified relative to some point of comparison.
Rheinische Dokumenta
The Rheinische Dokumenta is a phonetic writing system developed in the early 1980s by a working group of academics, linguists, local language experts, and local language speakers of the Rhineland.
The Rheinische Dokumenta is a phonetic writing system developed in the early 1980s by a working group of academics, linguists, local language experts, and local language speakers of the Rhineland.
Rhinoglottophilia
In linguistics, rhinoglottophilia refers to the connection between laryngeal (glottal) and nasal articulations.
In linguistics, rhinoglottophilia refers to the connection between laryngeal (glottal) and nasal articulations.
Rhotic consonant
In phonetics, rhotic consonants, also called tremulants or "R-like" sounds, are liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from the Greek lett...
In phonetics, rhotic consonants, also called tremulants or "R-like" sounds, are liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from the Greek lett...
Riggs method of phonics instruction
The Riggs method of teaching phonics is a short substitute for the full name: The Writing & Spelling Road to Reading and Thinking, developed by Myrna McCullough.
The Riggs method of teaching phonics is a short substitute for the full name: The Writing & Spelling Road to Reading and Thinking, developed by Myrna McCullough.
Secondary articulation
Secondary articulation refers to co-articulated consonants where the two articulations are not of the same manner.
Secondary articulation refers to co-articulated consonants where the two articulations are not of the same manner.
Secondary stress
Secondary stress (or secondary accent obsolete) is the weaker of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word; the stronger degree of stress is called 'primary'.
Secondary stress (or secondary accent obsolete) is the weaker of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word; the stronger degree of stress is called 'primary'.
Segment (linguistics)
In linguistics, the term segment is "any discrete unit that can be identified, either physically or auditorily, in the stream of speech.
In linguistics, the term segment is "any discrete unit that can be identified, either physically or auditorily, in the stream of speech.
Shiksha
Shiksha is one of the six Vedangas, treating the traditional Hindu science of phonetics and phonology of Sanskrit.
Shiksha is one of the six Vedangas, treating the traditional Hindu science of phonetics and phonology of Sanskrit.
Soundex
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English.
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English.
Speech corpus
A speech corpus is a database of speech audio files and text transcriptions.
A speech corpus is a database of speech audio files and text transcriptions.
Speech error
Speech errors, commonly referred to as slips of the tongue (Latin: lapsus linguae), are conscious or unconscious deviations from the apparently intended form of an utterance.
Speech errors, commonly referred to as slips of the tongue (Latin: lapsus linguae), are conscious or unconscious deviations from the apparently intended form of an utterance.
Speech perception
Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood.
Speech perception is the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood.
Speech production
Speech production is the process by which spoken words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system in the vocal apparatus.
Speech production is the process by which spoken words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system in the vocal apparatus.
Speech repetition
Speech repetition is the saying by one individual of the spoken vocalizations made by another individual.
Speech repetition is the saying by one individual of the spoken vocalizations made by another individual.
Speech shadowing
Speech shadowing is an experimental technique in which subjects repeat speech immediately after hearing it.
Speech shadowing is an experimental technique in which subjects repeat speech immediately after hearing it.
Spelling pronunciation
A spelling pronunciation more closely renders the sounds represented by a word's spelling than the traditional pronunciation and is often considered incorrect (for example "victuals").
A spelling pronunciation more closely renders the sounds represented by a word's spelling than the traditional pronunciation and is often considered incorrect (for example "victuals").
Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence.
In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence.
Sulcalization
In phonetics, sulcalization is the pronunciation of a sibilant consonant, such as English and, with a deep groove running along the back of the tongue that focuses the airstream on the teet...
In phonetics, sulcalization is the pronunciation of a sibilant consonant, such as English and, with a deep groove running along the back of the tongue that focuses the airstream on the teet...
Synaeresis
In linguistics, synaeresis or syneresis is a sound change by which two vowels are pronounced together rather than separately.
In linguistics, synaeresis or syneresis is a sound change by which two vowels are pronounced together rather than separately.
Syntactic gemination
Syntactic gemination, or syntactic doubling, is an external sandhi phenomenon in Italian and some other Italo-Western languages.
Syntactic gemination, or syntactic doubling, is an external sandhi phenomenon in Italian and some other Italo-Western languages.
Tenseness
In phonology, tenseness is a particular vowel quality that is phonemically contrastive in many languages, including English.
In phonology, tenseness is a particular vowel quality that is phonemically contrastive in many languages, including English.
Tenuis consonant
In linguistics, a tenuis consonant is a plosive or affricate consonant which is unvoiced, unaspirated, and unglottalized.
In linguistics, a tenuis consonant is a plosive or affricate consonant which is unvoiced, unaspirated, and unglottalized.
The Chaos
"The Chaos" is a poem which demonstrates the irregularity of English spelling and pronunciation, written by Dutch writer, traveller and teacher Gerard Nolst Trenité, also known under the pseudon...
"The Chaos" is a poem which demonstrates the irregularity of English spelling and pronunciation, written by Dutch writer, traveller and teacher Gerard Nolst Trenité, also known under the pseudon...
The Rain in Spain
"The Rain in Spain" is a song from the musical My Fair Lady, with music by Frederick Loewe and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner.
"The Rain in Spain" is a song from the musical My Fair Lady, with music by Frederick Loewe and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner.
Tone name
In the Chinese and Vietnamese languages, tone names are the names given to the tones these languages use.
In the Chinese and Vietnamese languages, tone names are the names given to the tones these languages use.
Tone terracing
Tone terracing is a type of phonetic downdrift, where the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones.
Tone terracing is a type of phonetic downdrift, where the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones.
Tongue shape
In linguistics, tongue shape describes the shape that the tongue assumes when making a sound.
In linguistics, tongue shape describes the shape that the tongue assumes when making a sound.
Transcription (linguistics)
Transcription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of spoken language in written form.
Transcription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of spoken language in written form.
Tuscan gorgia
The Tuscan gorgia is a phonetic phenomenon which characterizes the Tuscan dialects, in Tuscany, Italy, most especially the central ones, with Florence traditionally viewed as the center.
The Tuscan gorgia is a phonetic phenomenon which characterizes the Tuscan dialects, in Tuscany, Italy, most especially the central ones, with Florence traditionally viewed as the center.
Upstep (phonetics)
In phonetics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
In phonetics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language.
Velarization
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
Vocal apparatus
Vocal apparatus or vocal organs is a term used in phonetics to designate all parts of human anatomy that can be used to produce speech.
Vocal apparatus or vocal organs is a term used in phonetics to designate all parts of human anatomy that can be used to produce speech.
Vocal effort
Vocal effort is a quantity varied by speakers when adjusting to an increase or decrease in the communication distance.
Vocal effort is a quantity varied by speakers when adjusting to an increase or decrease in the communication distance.
Vocal folds
The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx.
The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx.
Voice (phonetics)
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless or voiced.
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless or voiced.
Voice onset time
In phonetics, voice onset time, commonly abbreviated VOT, is a feature of the production of stop consonants.
In phonetics, voice onset time, commonly abbreviated VOT, is a feature of the production of stop consonants.
Vowel
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the ...
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the ...
Vowel length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.
Vowel reduction
In phonetics, vowel reduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels, which are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position in ...
In phonetics, vowel reduction is any of various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels, which are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position in ...
Whispering
Whispering is an unvoiced mode of phonation in which the vocal cords do not vibrate normally but are instead adducted sufficiently to create audible turbulence as the speaker exhales during speech.
Whispering is an unvoiced mode of phonation in which the vocal cords do not vibrate normally but are instead adducted sufficiently to create audible turbulence as the speaker exhales during speech.
Withgott effect
The Withgott effect is a term in the study of Phonology relating to the pronunciation of stops in American English.
The Withgott effect is a term in the study of Phonology relating to the pronunciation of stops in American English.