SettingsPidgins and creoles
Afaka script
The Afaka script (afaka sikifi) is a syllabary of 56 letters devised in 1910 for the Ndyuka language, an English-based creole of Surinam.
The Afaka script (afaka sikifi) is a syllabary of 56 letters devised in 1910 for the Ndyuka language, an English-based creole of Surinam.
Afaka syllabary
The Afaka script is a syllabary of 56 letters devised in 1910 for the Ndyuka language, an English-based creole of Surinam.
The Afaka script is a syllabary of 56 letters devised in 1910 for the Ndyuka language, an English-based creole of Surinam.
Aluku
The Aluku or Boni are an exceptional Maroon ethnic group living mainly on the riverbank in Maripasoula, southwest French Guiana, and the eponymous term for their language, which has more than 5,...
The Aluku or Boni are an exceptional Maroon ethnic group living mainly on the riverbank in Maripasoula, southwest French Guiana, and the eponymous term for their language, which has more than 5,...
Arabic-based creole languages
An Arabic-based creole language, or simply Arabic creole is a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language.
An Arabic-based creole language, or simply Arabic creole is a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language.
Australian Aboriginal Pidgin English
Australian Aboriginal Pidgin English refers to the pidginised varieties of English spoken by Australian Aborigines until about the early 1950s for communication with Europeans and other immigran...
Australian Aboriginal Pidgin English refers to the pidginised varieties of English spoken by Australian Aborigines until about the early 1950s for communication with Europeans and other immigran...
Basque-Icelandic pidgin
The Basque-Icelandic pidgin was a pidgin spoken in Iceland in the 17th century.
The Basque-Icelandic pidgin was a pidgin spoken in Iceland in the 17th century.
Broken Slavey
Broken Slavey (also Broken Slavé, Broken Slave, Slavey Jargon, Broken Slavee, le Jargon esclave) is a trade language used between Indians and whites in the Yukon ar...
Broken Slavey (also Broken Slavé, Broken Slave, Slavey Jargon, Broken Slavee, le Jargon esclave) is a trade language used between Indians and whites in the Yukon ar...
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin is a pidgin that sprung up in Broome, Western Australia in the early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the pearling ind...
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin is a pidgin that sprung up in Broome, Western Australia in the early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the pearling ind...
Chinook Jargon
Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa) originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other ...
Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa) originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other ...
Cocoliche
Cocoliche is an Italian-Spanish pidgin that was spoken by Italian immigrants in Argentina (especially in Greater Buenos Aires) between 1880-1950.
Cocoliche is an Italian-Spanish pidgin that was spoken by Italian immigrants in Argentina (especially in Greater Buenos Aires) between 1880-1950.
Contact sign
A contact sign language, or contact sign, is a variety or style of language that arises from contact between a deaf sign language and a spoken language (or the written or manually coded fo...
A contact sign language, or contact sign, is a variety or style of language that arises from contact between a deaf sign language and a spoken language (or the written or manually coded fo...
Creole language
A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages; creoles differ from pidgins in that they have been nativized by children ...
A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages; creoles differ from pidgins in that they have been nativized by children ...
Creolistics
Creolistics, or Creology, is the scientific study of creole languages and, as such, is a subfield of linguistics.
Creolistics, or Creology, is the scientific study of creole languages and, as such, is a subfield of linguistics.
Decreolization
Decreolization is a hypothetical phenomenon whereby over time a creole language reconverges with one of the standard languages from which it originally derived.
Decreolization is a hypothetical phenomenon whereby over time a creole language reconverges with one of the standard languages from which it originally derived.
Dutch-based creole languages
A Dutch creole is a creole language that has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language.
A Dutch creole is a creole language that has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language.
English-based creole languages
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language.
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language.
French-based creole languages
A French Creole, or French-based Creole language, is a creole language based on the French language, more specifically on a 17th century koiné French extant in Paris, the French Atlantic h...
A French Creole, or French-based Creole language, is a creole language based on the French language, more specifically on a 17th century koiné French extant in Paris, the French Atlantic h...
German-based creole languages
A German creole, more properly a German-based creole language, is a creole language with a significant influence from the German language.
A German creole, more properly a German-based creole language, is a creole language with a significant influence from the German language.
German-Russian pidgin
A mixed language or pidgin that appears to have arisen in the early 1990s.
A mixed language or pidgin that appears to have arisen in the early 1990s.
Ghanaian Pidgin English
Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhPE) is a variety of West African Pidgin English spoken in Ghana, predominantly in the southern towns and the capital, Accra.
Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhPE) is a variety of West African Pidgin English spoken in Ghana, predominantly in the southern towns and the capital, Accra.
Gullah language
Gullah (also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees" within the community), an African American populat...
Gullah (also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees" within the community), an African American populat...
Haflong Hindi
Haflong Hindi (हफ़लौंग हिन्दी) is the lingua franca of the North Cachar Hills district of Assam state of India.
Haflong Hindi (हफ़लौंग हिन्दी) is the lingua franca of the North Cachar Hills district of Assam state of India.
Hiri Motu language
Hiri Motu, (also known as Police Motu or Pidgin Motu) is an official language of Papua New Guinea.
Hiri Motu, (also known as Police Motu or Pidgin Motu) is an official language of Papua New Guinea.
Koiné language
In linguistics, a koiné language (common language in Koiné Greek) is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two mutually intelligible varieties (dialec...
In linguistics, a koiné language (common language in Koiné Greek) is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two mutually intelligible varieties (dialec...
Language bioprogram theory
The language bioprogram theory or language bioprogram hypothesis (LBH) is a theory arguing that the structural similarities between different creole languages cannot be solely attributed t...
The language bioprogram theory or language bioprogram hypothesis (LBH) is a theory arguing that the structural similarities between different creole languages cannot be solely attributed t...
Lexifier
A lexifier is the dominant language of a particular pidgin or creole language that provides the basis for the majority of vocabulary.
A lexifier is the dominant language of a particular pidgin or creole language that provides the basis for the majority of vocabulary.
Malvani dialect
Malvani is a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords.
Malvani is a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords.
Malvani Konkani
Malvani is a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords.
Malvani is a dialect of Konkani with significant Marathi influences and loanwords.
Mediterranean Lingua Franca
The Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir ("know") was a pidgin language used as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.
The Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir ("know") was a pidgin language used as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.
Mobilian Jargon
Mobilian Jargon (also Mobilian trade language, Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw-Choctaw trade language, Yamá) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American g...
Mobilian Jargon (also Mobilian trade language, Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw-Choctaw trade language, Yamá) was a pidgin used as a lingua franca among Native American g...
Monogenetic theory of pidgins
According to the theory of monogenesis in its most radical form, all pidgins and creole languages of the world can be ultimately traced back to one linguistic variety.
According to the theory of monogenesis in its most radical form, all pidgins and creole languages of the world can be ultimately traced back to one linguistic variety.
Nagamese creole
Nagamese is a creole used in Nagaland.
Nagamese is a creole used in Nagaland.
Phono-semantic matching
Phono-semantic matching is a linguistic term referring to camouflaged borrowing in which a foreign word is matched with a phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native word/root.
Phono-semantic matching is a linguistic term referring to camouflaged borrowing in which a foreign word is matched with a phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native word/root.
Pidgin
A pidgin, or pidgin language, is not a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common.
A pidgin, or pidgin language, is not a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common.
Pidgin Hawaiian
Pidgin Hawaiian was a language spoken in Hawaii, which drew most of its vocabulary from the Hawaiian language and could have been influenced by other pidgins of the Pacific region.
Pidgin Hawaiian was a language spoken in Hawaii, which drew most of its vocabulary from the Hawaiian language and could have been influenced by other pidgins of the Pacific region.
Plains Indian Sign Language
The Plains Indian sign languages are various manually coded languages used, or formerly used, by various Native Americans of the Great Plains of the United States of America and Canada.
The Plains Indian sign languages are various manually coded languages used, or formerly used, by various Native Americans of the Great Plains of the United States of America and Canada.
Plateau Sign Language
Plateau Sign Language, or Old Plateau Sign Language, is a poorly attested sign language historically used in British Columbia.
Plateau Sign Language, or Old Plateau Sign Language, is a poorly attested sign language historically used in British Columbia.
Portuguese-based creole languages
Portuguese creoles are creole languages which have been significantly influenced by Portuguese.
Portuguese creoles are creole languages which have been significantly influenced by Portuguese.
Post-creole continuum
The Post-creole continuum or simply creole continuum refers to a situation wherein a creole language consists of a spectrum of varieties between those most and least similar to the superst...
The Post-creole continuum or simply creole continuum refers to a situation wherein a creole language consists of a spectrum of varieties between those most and least similar to the superst...
Relexification
Relexification is a term in linguistics used to describe the mechanism of language change by which one language replaces much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, with that of anot...
Relexification is a term in linguistics used to describe the mechanism of language change by which one language replaces much or all of its lexicon, including basic vocabulary, with that of anot...
Runglish
Runglish, Ringlish, Ruglish or Russlish (рунглийский язык or рунглиш), are terms for describing the Russian-English pidgin language.
Runglish, Ringlish, Ruglish or Russlish (рунглийский язык or рунглиш), are terms for describing the Russian-English pidgin language.
Saramaccan language
Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 24,000 people near the Saramacca and upper Suriname Rivers in Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guyana), and 2,0...
Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole language spoken by about 24,000 people near the Saramacca and upper Suriname Rivers in Suriname (formerly also known as Dutch Guyana), and 2,0...
Shelta
Shelta is a language spoken by travelling communities, particularly in Ireland, but also parts of Great Britain.
Shelta is a language spoken by travelling communities, particularly in Ireland, but also parts of Great Britain.
Sranan Tongo
Sranan is a creole language spoken as a lingua franca by approximately 300,000 people in Suriname.
Sranan is a creole language spoken as a lingua franca by approximately 300,000 people in Suriname.
Tsotsitaal
Tsotsitaals are a variety of mixed languages mainly spoken in the townships of Gauteng province, such as Soweto, but also in other agglomerations all over South Africa.
Tsotsitaals are a variety of mixed languages mainly spoken in the townships of Gauteng province, such as Soweto, but also in other agglomerations all over South Africa.