SettingsProto-languages
Graeco-Aryan
Graeco-Aryan refers to a hypothesis that the Greek language, the Armenian language, and the Indo-Iranian languages share a common history within the wider Indo-European family.
Graeco-Aryan refers to a hypothesis that the Greek language, the Armenian language, and the Indo-Iranian languages share a common history within the wider Indo-European family.
Kiowa-Tanoan languages
Tanoan is a family of languages spoken in New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Tanoan is a family of languages spoken in New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Kiowa–Tanoan languages
Kiowa–Tanoan is a family of languages spoken in New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Kiowa–Tanoan is a family of languages spoken in New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Nostratic languages
Nostratic is a proposed language family that includes many of the indigenous language families of Eurasia, including the Indo-European, Uralic and Altaic as well as Kartvelian languages.
Nostratic is a proposed language family that includes many of the indigenous language families of Eurasia, including the Indo-European, Uralic and Altaic as well as Kartvelian languages.
Proto-Afroasiatic language
Proto–Afroasiatic is the hypothetical proto-language from which modern Afroasiatic languages are descended.
Proto–Afroasiatic is the hypothetical proto-language from which modern Afroasiatic languages are descended.
Proto-Algonquian language
Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the name given to the proto-language from which the various languages of the Algonquian family are descended.
Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the name given to the proto-language from which the various languages of the Algonquian family are descended.
Proto-Anatolian language
Proto-Anatolian is the proto-language from which Anatolian languages emerged.
Proto-Anatolian is the proto-language from which Anatolian languages emerged.
Proto-Austronesian language
The Proto-Austronesian language (PAN) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families.
The Proto-Austronesian language (PAN) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families.
Proto-Balto-Slavic language
The Proto-Balto-Slavic language is not directly attested by any surviving texts but has been reconstructed using the comparative method.
The Proto-Balto-Slavic language is not directly attested by any surviving texts but has been reconstructed using the comparative method.
Proto-Basque language
Proto-Basque (known in Basque as Aitzineuskara and in Spanish as protoeuskera or protovasco) is a reconstructed predecessor of the Basque language, prior to the Roman conquests in th...
Proto-Basque (known in Basque as Aitzineuskara and in Spanish as protoeuskera or protovasco) is a reconstructed predecessor of the Basque language, prior to the Roman conquests in th...
Proto-Berber language
Proto-Berber is the reconstructed proto-language from which the modern Berber languages stem.
Proto-Berber is the reconstructed proto-language from which the modern Berber languages stem.
Proto-Celtic language
The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.
The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.
Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan language
Proto–Chukotko-Kamchatkan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages.
Proto–Chukotko-Kamchatkan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages.
Proto-Circassian language
Proto-Circassian (or Proto-Adyghe-Kabardian) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Adyghean and Kabardian languages.
Proto-Circassian (or Proto-Adyghe-Kabardian) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Adyghean and Kabardian languages.
Proto-Dené-Caucasian language
Proto–Dené-Caucasian is the reconstructed hypothetical common ancestor of the Dené-Caucasian languages, a proposed language superfamily to which Basque, North Caucasian, Burushaski, Sino-T...
Proto–Dené-Caucasian is the reconstructed hypothetical common ancestor of the Dené-Caucasian languages, a proposed language superfamily to which Basque, North Caucasian, Burushaski, Sino-T...
Proto-Dravidian language
Proto-Dravidian is the proto-language of the Dravidian languages.
Proto-Dravidian is the proto-language of the Dravidian languages.
Proto-Eskimo language
Proto-Eskimo was the ancestor of all the Eskimo languages.
Proto-Eskimo was the ancestor of all the Eskimo languages.
Proto-Eskimo-Aleut language
Proto-Eskimo-Aleut was the common ancestor of the Eskimo languages and Aleut.
Proto-Eskimo-Aleut was the common ancestor of the Eskimo languages and Aleut.
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Germanic, or Common Germanic, as it is sometimes known, is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all the Germanic languages, such as modern English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaa...
Proto-Germanic, or Common Germanic, as it is sometimes known, is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all the Germanic languages, such as modern English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaa...
Proto-Greek language
The Proto-Greek language is the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek, including Mycenaean, the classical Greek dialects, and ultimately Koine, Byzantine and modern Greek.
The Proto-Greek language is the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek, including Mycenaean, the classical Greek dialects, and ultimately Koine, Byzantine and modern Greek.
Proto-Hlai language
The Proto-Hlai language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Hlai languages.
The Proto-Hlai language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Hlai languages.
Proto-Hmong-Mien language
The Proto-Hmong-Mien language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Hmong-Mien languages.
The Proto-Hmong-Mien language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Hmong-Mien languages.
Proto-Human language
The Proto-Human language is the hypothetical most recent common ancestor of all the world's languages.
The Proto-Human language is the hypothetical most recent common ancestor of all the world's languages.
Proto-Indo-European language
The Proto-Indo-European language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
The Proto-Indo-European language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Proto-Indo-Iranian is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.
Proto-Indo-Iranian is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.
Proto-Iranian language
Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family, and as such, the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Sogdian, ...
Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family, and as such, the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Sogdian, ...
Proto-Iroquoian
Proto-Iroquoian is the name given to the hypothetical proto-language of the Iroquoian languages.
Proto-Iroquoian is the name given to the hypothetical proto-language of the Iroquoian languages.
Proto-Iroquoian language
Proto-Iroquoian is the name given to the hypothetical proto-language of the Iroquoian languages.
Proto-Iroquoian is the name given to the hypothetical proto-language of the Iroquoian languages.
Proto-Kartvelian language
The Proto-Kartvelian language, or Common Kartvelian, is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Kartvelian languages in the Caucasus, which was spoken by the ancestors of the modern Kartve...
The Proto-Kartvelian language, or Common Kartvelian, is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Kartvelian languages in the Caucasus, which was spoken by the ancestors of the modern Kartve...
Proto-Kra language
The Proto-Kra language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Kra languages.
The Proto-Kra language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Kra languages.
Proto-language
A proto-language (alternatively known as a parent language, or common ancestor) in the tree model of historical linguistics is a hypothetical, or reconstructed, typically extinct lan...
A proto-language (alternatively known as a parent language, or common ancestor) in the tree model of historical linguistics is a hypothetical, or reconstructed, typically extinct lan...
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
The Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch of the Austronesian language family.
The Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is by far the largest branch of the Austronesian language family.
Proto-Mayan language
Proto-Mayan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the 30 living Mayan languages, as well as the Classic Maya languages documented in the Maya Hieroglyphical inscriptions.
Proto-Mayan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the 30 living Mayan languages, as well as the Classic Maya languages documented in the Maya Hieroglyphical inscriptions.
Proto-Mon-Khmer language
The Proto-Mon–Khmer language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Mon–Khmer languages, which is a primary branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
The Proto-Mon–Khmer language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Mon–Khmer languages, which is a primary branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
Proto-Nahuan language
Proto-Nahuan is the hypothetical daughter language of the Proto-Uto-Aztecan language which is the common ancestor from which the modern Nahuan languages have developed.
Proto-Nahuan is the hypothetical daughter language of the Proto-Uto-Aztecan language which is the common ancestor from which the modern Nahuan languages have developed.
Proto-Norse language
Proto-Norse (also Proto-Scandinavian, Primitive Norse, Proto-Nordic, Ancient Nordic, Old Scandinavian, Proto-North Germanic and North Proto-Germanic) wa...
Proto-Norse (also Proto-Scandinavian, Primitive Norse, Proto-Nordic, Ancient Nordic, Old Scandinavian, Proto-North Germanic and North Proto-Germanic) wa...
Proto-Oceanic language
Proto-Oceanic is a protolanguage that language comparatists – particularly after Otto Dempwolff's works – have proposed as the probable common ancestor to the group of Oceanic languages.
Proto-Oceanic is a protolanguage that language comparatists – particularly after Otto Dempwolff's works – have proposed as the probable common ancestor to the group of Oceanic languages.
Proto-Pama-Nyungan language
The Proto–Pama-Nyungan language (abbreviated pPN) is the putative ancestor of all the languages of the Pama-Nyungan family, encompassing the majority of the Australian Aboriginal languages...
The Proto–Pama-Nyungan language (abbreviated pPN) is the putative ancestor of all the languages of the Pama-Nyungan family, encompassing the majority of the Australian Aboriginal languages...
Proto-Pama–Nyungan language
The Proto-Pama–Nyungan language is the putative ancestor of all the languages of the Pama–Nyungan family, encompassing the majority of the Australian Aboriginal languages, except for the Non-Pam...
The Proto-Pama–Nyungan language is the putative ancestor of all the languages of the Pama–Nyungan family, encompassing the majority of the Australian Aboriginal languages, except for the Non-Pam...
Proto-Polynesian language
Proto-Polynesian,, is the hypothetical proto-language from which all the modern Polynesian languages descend.
Proto-Polynesian,, is the hypothetical proto-language from which all the modern Polynesian languages descend.
Proto-Romanian language
Proto-Romanian is a hypothetical language considered to have been spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples, between the 7th and the 9th centuries.
Proto-Romanian is a hypothetical language considered to have been spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples, between the 7th and the 9th centuries.
Proto-Samoyed language
Proto-Samoyed or Proto-Samoyedic is the reconstructed ancestral language of the Samoyedic languages, i.e. Nenets (Tundra and Forest), Enets, Nganasan, Selkup, as well as extinct Kamas and ...
Proto-Samoyed or Proto-Samoyedic is the reconstructed ancestral language of the Samoyedic languages, i.e. Nenets (Tundra and Forest), Enets, Nganasan, Selkup, as well as extinct Kamas and ...
Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical proto-language ancestral to historical Semitic languages in the Middle East.
Proto-Semitic is the hypothetical proto-language ancestral to historical Semitic languages in the Middle East.
Proto-Slavic language
Proto-Slavic is the proto-language from which Slavic languages later emerged.
Proto-Slavic is the proto-language from which Slavic languages later emerged.
Proto-Tai language
Proto-Tai is the reconstructed common ancestor of all the Tai languages, including modern Lao, Shan, Lu, Tai Dam, Northern Thai, Thai, Bouyei, and Zhuang.
Proto-Tai is the reconstructed common ancestor of all the Tai languages, including modern Lao, Shan, Lu, Tai Dam, Northern Thai, Thai, Bouyei, and Zhuang.
Proto-Tibeto-Burman language
The Proto-Tibeto-Burman language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Tibeto-Burman languages.
The Proto-Tibeto-Burman language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Tibeto-Burman languages.
Proto-Turkic language
The Proto-Turkic language is the proto-language of the family of Turkic languages that predates the separation of the Turkic peoples and separation into Oguz and Ogur branches.
The Proto-Turkic language is the proto-language of the family of Turkic languages that predates the separation of the Turkic peoples and separation into Oguz and Ogur branches.
Proto-Uralic language
Proto-Uralic is the hypothetical language ancestral to the Uralic language family, which includes Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic.
Proto-Uralic is the hypothetical language ancestral to the Uralic language family, which includes Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic.
Proto-Uto-Aztecan language
The Proto–Uto-Aztecan language (abbreviated PUA; also sometimes Uto-Aztekan, Utoaztekan) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Uto-Aztecan languages.
The Proto–Uto-Aztecan language (abbreviated PUA; also sometimes Uto-Aztekan, Utoaztekan) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Uto-Aztecan languages.
Sino-Tibetan languages
The Sino-Tibetan languages are a family of some 250 languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia, including the Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages.
The Sino-Tibetan languages are a family of some 250 languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia, including the Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages.
Southwestern Brythonic languages
Southwestern Brythonic languages were the Brythonic Celtic tongues spoken in Southwestern Britain and Brittany from the Early Middle Ages.
Southwestern Brythonic languages were the Brythonic Celtic tongues spoken in Southwestern Britain and Brittany from the Early Middle Ages.