SettingsRadiation health effects
Acute radiation syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome, also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a constellation of health effects which occur within several months of...
Acute radiation syndrome, also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a constellation of health effects which occur within several months of...
Anatoli Bugorski
Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (Анатолий Бугорский) (born 1942) is a Russian scientist who was involved in an accident with a particle accelerator in 1978.
Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (Анатолий Бугорский) (born 1942) is a Russian scientist who was involved in an accident with a particle accelerator in 1978.
Biodosimetry
Biodosimetry is a measurement of biological response as a surrogate for radiation dose.
Biodosimetry is a measurement of biological response as a surrogate for radiation dose.
Biological timeline of radiation poisoning
The Biological timeline of radiation poisoning describes the phenomenon where, following a dose of ionizing radiation, a person may have a period of apparent health, lasting for days or w...
The Biological timeline of radiation poisoning describes the phenomenon where, following a dose of ionizing radiation, a person may have a period of apparent health, lasting for days or w...
Biologically effective dose
The effective dose in radiation protection and radiology is a measure of the stochastic (i.e., probabilistic) effect on a whole organism due to ionizing radiation delivered non-uniformly to part...
The effective dose in radiation protection and radiology is a measure of the stochastic (i.e., probabilistic) effect on a whole organism due to ionizing radiation delivered non-uniformly to part...
Blister
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing, burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing, burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
Chernobyl necklace
Chernobyl necklace is a horizontal scar left on the base of the neck after a surgery to remove a malignant thyroid gland (thyroid cancer) caused by radiation poisoning.
Chernobyl necklace is a horizontal scar left on the base of the neck after a surgery to remove a malignant thyroid gland (thyroid cancer) caused by radiation poisoning.
Chromothripsis
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis is literally the creation of cancer.
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis is literally the creation of cancer.
Collective dose
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population.
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population.
Committed dose equivalent (CDE)
Committed dose equivalent is the dose to a specific organ or tissue that is received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.
Committed dose equivalent is the dose to a specific organ or tissue that is received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.
Committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE)
The committed effective dose equivalent or CEDE is an estimate of the radiation dose to a person resulting from inhalation or ingestion of a given amount of radioactive substance.
The committed effective dose equivalent or CEDE is an estimate of the radiation dose to a person resulting from inhalation or ingestion of a given amount of radioactive substance.
Cosmic ray visual phenomena
Cosmic ray visual phenomena are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program.
Cosmic ray visual phenomena are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program.
Cumulative dose
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period...
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period...
Deep-dose equivalent
The Deep-dose equivalent is a measure of external radiation exposure defined by US regulations.
The Deep-dose equivalent is a measure of external radiation exposure defined by US regulations.
Downwinders
Downwinders refers to individuals and communities who are exposed to radioactive contamination and/or nuclear fallout from atmospheric and/or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear acc...
Downwinders refers to individuals and communities who are exposed to radioactive contamination and/or nuclear fallout from atmospheric and/or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear acc...
Effective dose (radiation safety)
The concept of effective dose is used in radiation protection as an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human.
The concept of effective dose is used in radiation protection as an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human.
Effective dose (radiation)
The effective dose in radiation protection and radiology is a measure of the stochastic effect on a whole organism due to ionizing radiation delivered non-uniformly to part of its body.
The effective dose in radiation protection and radiology is a measure of the stochastic effect on a whole organism due to ionizing radiation delivered non-uniformly to part of its body.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields is a set of claims of adverse medical symptoms purportedly caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields.
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields is a set of claims of adverse medical symptoms purportedly caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields.
Electromagnetic radiation and health
DNA fragmentation. A 2009 study at the University of Basel in Switzerland found that intermittent exposure of human cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at a flux density of 1 mT induced...
DNA fragmentation. A 2009 study at the University of Basel in Switzerland found that intermittent exposure of human cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at a flux density of 1 mT induced...
Erythema
Erythema is redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Erythema is redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Ex-Rad
Ex-Rad (or Ex-RAD), also known by the code name ON 01210.Na, is a drug developed by Onconova Therapeutics and the U.S. Department of Defense.
Ex-Rad (or Ex-RAD), also known by the code name ON 01210.Na, is a drug developed by Onconova Therapeutics and the U.S. Department of Defense.
Fukushima 50
Fukushima 50 is the alias given by the media to a group of employees at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
Fukushima 50 is the alias given by the media to a group of employees at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
Half-value layer
A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half.
A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half.
Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.
Haroutune Krikor Daghlian Jr. was an Armenian-American physicist with the Manhattan Project who accidentally irradiated himself on August 21, 1945, during a critical mass experiment at the remot...
Haroutune Krikor Daghlian Jr. was an Armenian-American physicist with the Manhattan Project who accidentally irradiated himself on August 21, 1945, during a critical mass experiment at the remot...
Health physics
Health physics is the science concerned with the recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards to permit the safe use and application of ionizing radiation.
Health physics is the science concerned with the recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards to permit the safe use and application of ionizing radiation.
Health threat from cosmic rays
The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions.
The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions.
Hibakusha
The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are called hibakusha, a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people".
The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are called hibakusha, a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people".
High radiation area
A High radiation area is in area where in one hour 30 centimeters from the source or from any surface through which the ionizing radiation penetrates, the dose rates exceeds 100 millirems (1 mil...
A High radiation area is in area where in one hour 30 centimeters from the source or from any surface through which the ionizing radiation penetrates, the dose rates exceeds 100 millirems (1 mil...
Human radiation experiments
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human ...
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human ...
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or Electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity and electrical sensitivi...
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or Electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity and electrical sensitivi...
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually can liberate an electron from an atom or molecule, producing ions, which are atoms or molecules with a net elect...
Ionizing radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually can liberate an electron from an atom or molecule, producing ions, which are atoms or molecules with a net elect...
Janus Experiments
The Janus Experiments investigated the effects of exposure to neutron radiation and gamma radiation on mice and dogs.
The Janus Experiments investigated the effects of exposure to neutron radiation and gamma radiation on mice and dogs.
Keloid
A keloid is a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III or type I collagen.
A keloid is a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III or type I collagen.
Linear no-threshold model
The linear no-threshold model is a model used in radiation protection to estimate the long term, biological damage caused by ionizing radiation.
The linear no-threshold model is a model used in radiation protection to estimate the long term, biological damage caused by ionizing radiation.
Liquidator (Chernobyl)
Liquidators, or "clean-up workers", is the name given in the former USSR to people who were called upon to work in efforts to deal with consequences of the April 26, 1986, Chernobyl disaster on ...
Liquidators, or "clean-up workers", is the name given in the former USSR to people who were called upon to work in efforts to deal with consequences of the April 26, 1986, Chernobyl disaster on ...
Louis Slotin
Louis Alexander Slotin was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project, the secret U.S. program during World War II that developed the atomic bomb.
Louis Alexander Slotin was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project, the secret U.S. program during World War II that developed the atomic bomb.
Matroshka experiments
The Matroshka experiments on the International Space Station use a mannequin that has been used to study cosmic radiation dose types and rates that relate to the health of space travellers on lo...
The Matroshka experiments on the International Space Station use a mannequin that has been used to study cosmic radiation dose types and rates that relate to the health of space travellers on lo...
Moist desquamation
Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelia...
Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelia...
Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.
Mutation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) is a U.S. organization.
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) is a U.S. organization.
Nuclear fallout
Fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast or a nuclear reaction conducted in an unshielded facility, so called because it "falls ...
Fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast or a nuclear reaction conducted in an unshielded facility, so called because it "falls ...
Operation Plumbbob
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests conducted between May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site, following Project 57, and preceding Project 58.
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests conducted between May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site, following Project 57, and preceding Project 58.
Poison Dust
Poison Dust is an American documentary starring Ramsey Clark, Juan Gonzalez, Rosalie Bertell, Helen Caldicott, Michio Kaku and directed by Sue Harris.
Poison Dust is an American documentary starring Ramsey Clark, Juan Gonzalez, Rosalie Bertell, Helen Caldicott, Michio Kaku and directed by Sue Harris.
Project 4.1
Project 4.1 was the designation for a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive fallout from the March 1, 1954 Castle Bravo...
Project 4.1 was the designation for a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive fallout from the March 1, 1954 Castle Bravo...
Project GABRIEL
Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare.
Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare.
Project SUNSHINE
Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the world's population.
Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the world's population.
Radiation and Public Health Project
Radiation and Public Health Project is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization founded in 1985 by Jay M. Gould, a statistician and epidemiologist, and Ernest Sternglass.
Radiation and Public Health Project is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization founded in 1985 by Jay M. Gould, a statistician and epidemiologist, and Ernest Sternglass.
Radiation burn
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radio frequency energy or ionizing radiation.
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radio frequency energy or ionizing radiation.
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
The United States Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) is a federal statute providing for the monetary compensation of people, including atomic veterans, who contracted cancer and a ...
The United States Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) is a federal statute providing for the monetary compensation of people, including atomic veterans, who contracted cancer and a ...
Radiation hormesis
Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in ...
Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in ...
Radiation induced cognitive decline
Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline describes the possible correllation between radiation therapy and mild cognitive impairment.
Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline describes the possible correllation between radiation therapy and mild cognitive impairment.
Radiation protection
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes both partic...
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes both partic...
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy, radiation oncology, or radiotherapy, sometimes abbreviated to XRT or DXT, is the medical use of ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to contro...
Radiation therapy, radiation oncology, or radiotherapy, sometimes abbreviated to XRT or DXT, is the medical use of ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to contro...
Radiation-induced lung injury
Radiation-induced lung injury is a general term for damage to the lungs which occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation-induced lung injury is a general term for damage to the lungs which occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation-induced thyroiditis
Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma.
Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma.
Radioactivity in the life sciences
Radioactivity can be used in life sciences as a radiolabel to visualise components or target molecules in a biological system.
Radioactivity can be used in life sciences as a radiolabel to visualise components or target molecules in a biological system.
Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland
The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII, An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch) is an independent public body in the Republic of Ireland under the ageis of t...
The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII, An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch) is an independent public body in the Republic of Ireland under the ageis of t...
Radioresistance
Radioresistance is the property of organisms that are capable of living in environments with very high levels of ionizing radiation.
Radioresistance is the property of organisms that are capable of living in environments with very high levels of ionizing radiation.
Radiosensitivity
Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.
Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.
Relative biological effectiveness
In radiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the sam...
In radiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the sam...
Roentgen equivalent man
Named after Wilhelm Röntgen, the roentgen equivalent in man or rem is a deprecated unit used to measure the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
Named after Wilhelm Röntgen, the roentgen equivalent in man or rem is a deprecated unit used to measure the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
Shoe-fitting fluoroscope
Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also Pedoscopes, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1960s in the United States (by which time they were proh...
Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also Pedoscopes, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1960s in the United States (by which time they were proh...
Sievert
The sievert is the International System of Units derived unit of equivalent radiation dose, effective dose, and committed dose.
The sievert is the International System of Units derived unit of equivalent radiation dose, effective dose, and committed dose.
Standard person
The standard person or reference person is a theoretical individual that has perfectly "normal" characteristics.
The standard person or reference person is a theoretical individual that has perfectly "normal" characteristics.
Suppressor mutation
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation.
A suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates or reverts the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutation.
Total effective dose equivalent
The Total effective dose equivalent is a radiation dosimetry quantity defined by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to monitor and control human exposure to ionizing radiation.
The Total effective dose equivalent is a radiation dosimetry quantity defined by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to monitor and control human exposure to ionizing radiation.
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) was set up by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in 1955.
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) was set up by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in 1955.
Uranium Medical Research Centre
The Uranium Medical Research Centre is an independent non-profit organization founded in 1997 to provide objective and expert scientific and medical research into the effects of uranium, transur...
The Uranium Medical Research Centre is an independent non-profit organization founded in 1997 to provide objective and expert scientific and medical research into the effects of uranium, transur...
Whole body counting
In Health Physics Whole body counting, refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body.
In Health Physics Whole body counting, refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body.
Wipe test counter
A wipe test counter is a device used to measure for possible radioactive contamination in a variety of environments.
A wipe test counter is a device used to measure for possible radioactive contamination in a variety of environments.