SettingsRadiation health effects
Acute radiation syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a constellation of health effects which occur within severa...
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) also known as radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or radiation toxicity, is a constellation of health effects which occur within severa...
Anatoli Bugorski
Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski is a Russian scientist who was involved in an accident with a particle accelerator in 1978.
Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski is a Russian scientist who was involved in an accident with a particle accelerator in 1978.
Biodosimetry
Biodosimetry is a measurement of biological response as a surrogate for radiation dose.
Biodosimetry is a measurement of biological response as a surrogate for radiation dose.
Biological timeline of radiation poisoning
The Biological timeline of radiation poisoning describes the phenomenon where, following a dose of ionizing radiation, a person may have a period of apparent health, lasting for days or w...
The Biological timeline of radiation poisoning describes the phenomenon where, following a dose of ionizing radiation, a person may have a period of apparent health, lasting for days or w...
Blister
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
A blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
Chernobyl necklace
Chernobyl necklace is a horizontal scar left on the base of the neck after a surgery to remove a malignant thyroid gland caused by radiation poisoning.
Chernobyl necklace is a horizontal scar left on the base of the neck after a surgery to remove a malignant thyroid gland caused by radiation poisoning.
Collective dose
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population.
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population.
Committed dose equivalent (CDE)
Committed dose equivalent is the dose to a specific organ or tissue that is received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.
Committed dose equivalent is the dose to a specific organ or tissue that is received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.
Committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE)
The committed effective dose equivalent or CEDE is an estimate of the radiation dose to a person resulting from inhalation or ingestion of a given amount of radioactive substance.
The committed effective dose equivalent or CEDE is an estimate of the radiation dose to a person resulting from inhalation or ingestion of a given amount of radioactive substance.
Cosmic ray visual phenomena
Cosmic ray visual phenomena are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program.
Cosmic ray visual phenomena are spontaneous flashes of light visually perceived by astronauts outside the magnetosphere of the Earth, such as during the Apollo program.
Cumulative dose
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period...
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period...
Deep-dose equivalent
The Deep-dose equivalent (DDE) is the external whole-body exposure dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm2).
The Deep-dose equivalent (DDE) is the external whole-body exposure dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm2).
Downwinders
Downwinders refers to individuals and communities who are exposed to radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout from atmospheric or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear accidents.
Downwinders refers to individuals and communities who are exposed to radioactive contamination or nuclear fallout from atmospheric or underground nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear accidents.
Effective dose (radiation safety)
The concept of effective dose is used in radiation protection as an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human.
The concept of effective dose is used in radiation protection as an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose has on a human.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity, electrosensitivity, ...
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity, electrosensitivity, ...
Electromagnetic radiation and health
DNA fragmentation. A 2009 study at the University of Basel in Switzerland found that intermittent exposure of human cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at a flux density of 1 mT induced...
DNA fragmentation. A 2009 study at the University of Basel in Switzerland found that intermittent exposure of human cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at a flux density of 1 mT induced...
Erythema
Erythema (from the Greek erythros, meaning red) is redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Erythema (from the Greek erythros, meaning red) is redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Ex-Rad
Ex-Rad (or Ex-RAD), also known by the code name ON 01210.Na, is a drug developed by Onconova Therapeutics and the U.S. Department of Defense.
Ex-Rad (or Ex-RAD), also known by the code name ON 01210.Na, is a drug developed by Onconova Therapeutics and the U.S. Department of Defense.
Fukushima 50
Fukushima 50 is the alias given by the media to a group of employees at the crippled Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant.
Fukushima 50 is the alias given by the media to a group of employees at the crippled Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant.
Half-value layer
Half-value layer (HVL) (also half-value thickness) is the thickness of specified material which reduces the intensity of radiation entering the material by half.
Half-value layer (HVL) (also half-value thickness) is the thickness of specified material which reduces the intensity of radiation entering the material by half.
Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.
Haroutune Krikor Daghlian Jr. was an Armenian-American physicist with the Manhattan Project who accidentally irradiated himself on August 21, 1945, during a critical mass experiment at the remot...
Haroutune Krikor Daghlian Jr. was an Armenian-American physicist with the Manhattan Project who accidentally irradiated himself on August 21, 1945, during a critical mass experiment at the remot...
Health physics
Health physics is a field of science concerned with radiation physics and radiation biology with the goal of providing technical information and proper techniques regarding the safe use of ioniz...
Health physics is a field of science concerned with radiation physics and radiation biology with the goal of providing technical information and proper techniques regarding the safe use of ioniz...
Health threat from cosmic rays
The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions.
The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions.
Hibakusha
The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are called hibakusha, a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people".
The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are called hibakusha, a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people".
High radiation area
A High radiation area is in area where in one hour 30 centimeters from the source or from any surface through which the ionizing radiation penetrates, the dose rates exceeds 100 millirems (1 mil...
A High radiation area is in area where in one hour 30 centimeters from the source or from any surface through which the ionizing radiation penetrates, the dose rates exceeds 100 millirems (1 mil...
Human radiation experiments
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human ...
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human ...
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or Electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity and electrical sensitivi...
Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields or Electromagnetic hypersensitivity, also referred to as electrohypersensitivity and electrical sensitivi...
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually have sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
Ionizing radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually have sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
Janus Experiments
The Janus Experiments investigated the effects of exposure to neutron radiation and gamma radiation on mice and dogs.
The Janus Experiments investigated the effects of exposure to neutron radiation and gamma radiation on mice and dogs.
Keloid
A keloid is a type of scar, which depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III or type I collagen.
A keloid is a type of scar, which depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III or type I collagen.
Linear no-threshold model
The linear no-threshold model assumes that the long term, biological damage caused by ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose at all dose levels.
The linear no-threshold model assumes that the long term, biological damage caused by ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose at all dose levels.
Liquidator (Chernobyl)
Liquidators (ликвида́торы), or "clean-up workers", is the name given in the former USSR to people who were called upon to work in efforts to deal with consequences of the April 26, 1986, Chernob...
Liquidators (ликвида́торы), or "clean-up workers", is the name given in the former USSR to people who were called upon to work in efforts to deal with consequences of the April 26, 1986, Chernob...
Louis Slotin
Louis Alexander Slotin (December 1, 1910 – May 30, 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project, the secret US program during World War II that developed th...
Louis Alexander Slotin (December 1, 1910 – May 30, 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project, the secret US program during World War II that developed th...
Matroshka experiments
The Matroshka experiments on the International Space Station use a mannequin that has been used to study cosmic radiation dose types and rates that relate to the health of space travellers on lo...
The Matroshka experiments on the International Space Station use a mannequin that has been used to study cosmic radiation dose types and rates that relate to the health of space travellers on lo...
Moist desquamation
Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelia...
Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelia...
Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of ...
In genetics, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of ...
Mutation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements is a U.S. organization.
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements is a U.S. organization.
Nuclear fallout
Fallout is the residual radioactively charged material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it "falls out" of the sky after the explosion and shock wa...
Fallout is the residual radioactively charged material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it "falls out" of the sky after the explosion and shock wa...
Operation Plumbbob
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests conducted between May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site, following Operation Redwing, and preceding Operation Hardtack I. It was th...
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests conducted between May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site, following Operation Redwing, and preceding Operation Hardtack I. It was th...
Poison Dust
Poison Dust is an American documentary starring Ramsey Clark, Juan Gonzalez, Rosalie Bertell, Helen Caldicott, Michio Kaku and directed by Sue Harris.
Poison Dust is an American documentary starring Ramsey Clark, Juan Gonzalez, Rosalie Bertell, Helen Caldicott, Michio Kaku and directed by Sue Harris.
Project 4.1
Project 4.1 was the designation for a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive fallout from the March 1, 1954 Castle Bravo...
Project 4.1 was the designation for a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive fallout from the March 1, 1954 Castle Bravo...
Project GABRIEL
Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare.
Project GABRIEL refers to an investigation by the United States Atomic Energy Commission to gauge the impact of radioactive fallout resulting from nuclear warfare.
Project SUNSHINE
Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the world's population.
Project SUNSHINE was a series of research studies to ascertain the impact of radioactive fallout on the world's population.
Radiation and Public Health Project
Radiation and Public Health Project is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization founded in 1985 by Jay M. Gould, a statistician and epidemiologist, and Ernest Sternglass.
Radiation and Public Health Project is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization founded in 1985 by Jay M. Gould, a statistician and epidemiologist, and Ernest Sternglass.
Radiation burn
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radio frequency energy or ionizing radiation.
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radio frequency energy or ionizing radiation.
Radiation Exposure Compensation Act
The United States Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) is a federal statute providing for the monetary compensation of people, including atomic veterans, who contracted cancer and a ...
The United States Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) is a federal statute providing for the monetary compensation of people, including atomic veterans, who contracted cancer and a ...
Radiation hormesis
Radiation hormesis (also called radiation homeostasis) is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, s...
Radiation hormesis (also called radiation homeostasis) is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, s...
Radiation induced cognitive decline
Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline describes the possible correllation between radiation therapy and mild cognitive impairment.
Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline describes the possible correllation between radiation therapy and mild cognitive impairment.
Radiation protection
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes bot...
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, which includes bot...
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy (in American English), radiation oncology, or radiotherapy (in the UK, Canada and Australia), sometimes abbreviated to XRT or DXT, is the medical use of ionizing ra...
Radiation therapy (in American English), radiation oncology, or radiotherapy (in the UK, Canada and Australia), sometimes abbreviated to XRT or DXT, is the medical use of ionizing ra...
Radiation-induced lung injury
Radiation-induced lung injury is a general term for damage to the lungs which occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation-induced lung injury is a general term for damage to the lungs which occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Radiation-induced thyroiditis
Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma.
Radiation-induced thyroiditis is a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma.
Radioactivity in the life sciences
Radioactivity can be used in life sciences as a radiolabel to visualise components or target molecules in a biological system.
Radioactivity can be used in life sciences as a radiolabel to visualise components or target molecules in a biological system.
Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland
The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII, An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch) is an independent public body in the Republic of Ireland under the ageis of t...
The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII, An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch) is an independent public body in the Republic of Ireland under the ageis of t...
Radioresistance
Radioresistance is the property of organisms that are capable of living in environments with very high levels of ionizing radiation.
Radioresistance is the property of organisms that are capable of living in environments with very high levels of ionizing radiation.
Radiosensitivity
Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.
Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.
Relative biological effectiveness
Relative Biological Effectiveness is a health physics concept introduced in the 1950s, after it was noted that different types of radiation might affect living organisms differently.
Relative Biological Effectiveness is a health physics concept introduced in the 1950s, after it was noted that different types of radiation might affect living organisms differently.
Roentgen equivalent man
Named after Wilhelm Röntgen (German scientist, 1845-1923), the roentgen equivalent in man (or mammal) or rem (symbol rem) is a unit of radiation dose equivalent.
Named after Wilhelm Röntgen (German scientist, 1845-1923), the roentgen equivalent in man (or mammal) or rem (symbol rem) is a unit of radiation dose equivalent.
Shoe-fitting fluoroscope
Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also Pedoscopes, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1960s in the United States, and into the mid-1970s in th...
Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also Pedoscopes, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1960s in the United States, and into the mid-1970s in th...
Sievert
The sievert is the International System of Units SI derived unit of dose equivalent radiation.
The sievert is the International System of Units SI derived unit of dose equivalent radiation.
Standard person
The standard person or reference person is a theoretical individual that has perfectly "normal" characteristics.
The standard person or reference person is a theoretical individual that has perfectly "normal" characteristics.
Suppressor mutation
A suppressor mutation is a mutation that counteracts the phenotypic effects of another mutation.
A suppressor mutation is a mutation that counteracts the phenotypic effects of another mutation.
Total effective dose equivalent
The Total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) is a dosimetric quantity used for comparing the health effects of radiation to the human body.
The Total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) is a dosimetric quantity used for comparing the health effects of radiation to the human body.
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) was set up by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in 1955.
The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) was set up by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly in 1955.
Whole body counting
In Health Physics Whole body counting, refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body.
In Health Physics Whole body counting, refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body.
Wipe test counter
A wipe test counter is a device used to measure for possible radioactive contamination in a variety of environments.
A wipe test counter is a device used to measure for possible radioactive contamination in a variety of environments.