SettingsSemantics
Absent referent
Absent referent is a concept that originated in linguistics, and is the condition of a sign that has an empty, absent, non-existent, paradoxical, hypothetical, supernatural, or undefined referent.
Absent referent is a concept that originated in linguistics, and is the condition of a sign that has an empty, absent, non-existent, paradoxical, hypothetical, supernatural, or undefined referent.
Accidental gap
In linguistics an accidental gap, also known as a gap or a hole in the pattern, is a word or other form that does not exist in some language but which would be expected to exist give...
In linguistics an accidental gap, also known as a gap or a hole in the pattern, is a word or other form that does not exist in some language but which would be expected to exist give...
Agnomen
An agnomen, in the Roman naming convention, was a nickname, just as the cognomen was initially.
An agnomen, in the Roman naming convention, was a nickname, just as the cognomen was initially.
Allusion
An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, people, places, events, literary work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication.
An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, people, places, events, literary work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication.
Alphabet soup (linguistics)
Alphabet soup is a metaphor for an abundance of abbreviations or acronyms, named for a common dish made from alphabet pasta.
Alphabet soup is a metaphor for an abundance of abbreviations or acronyms, named for a common dish made from alphabet pasta.
Analogical models
Analogical models are a method of representing a phenomenon of the world, often called the ‘target system’ by another, more understandable or analysable system.
Analogical models are a method of representing a phenomenon of the world, often called the ‘target system’ by another, more understandable or analysable system.
Analogy
Analogy is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject to another particular subject, and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.
Analogy is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject to another particular subject, and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.
Anaphora (linguistics)
In linguistics, an anaphora is a type of expression whose reference depends on another referential element.
In linguistics, an anaphora is a type of expression whose reference depends on another referential element.
Applied Semantics
Applied Semantics is the study and application of semantics which have many uses, e.g. advertising, text analysis, web traffic of search engines, web page rankings, and the indexation of words.
Applied Semantics is the study and application of semantics which have many uses, e.g. advertising, text analysis, web traffic of search engines, web page rankings, and the indexation of words.
Applied semantics
Applied semantics is the study and application of semantics which have many uses, e.g. advertising, text analysis, web traffic of search engines, web page rankings, and the indexation of words.
Applied semantics is the study and application of semantics which have many uses, e.g. advertising, text analysis, web traffic of search engines, web page rankings, and the indexation of words.
Aptronym
An aptronym or charactonym is a name aptly suited to its owner.
An aptronym or charactonym is a name aptly suited to its owner.
Associative meaning
According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expression has to do with individual mental understandings of the speaker.
According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expression has to do with individual mental understandings of the speaker.
Auto-antonym
An auto-antonym, or contranym, is a word with a homograph that is also an antonym.
An auto-antonym, or contranym, is a word with a homograph that is also an antonym.
Binding (linguistics)
In linguistics, binding theory is any of a broad class of theories dealing with the distribution of pronominal and anaphoric elements.
In linguistics, binding theory is any of a broad class of theories dealing with the distribution of pronominal and anaphoric elements.
Capitonym
A capitonym is a word that changes its meaning when it is capitalized, and usually applies to capitalization due to proper nouns or eponyms.
A capitonym is a word that changes its meaning when it is capitalized, and usually applies to capitalization due to proper nouns or eponyms.
Case role
In linguistic semantics, a case role is any of the spatially-distinguished parts of a process.
In linguistic semantics, a case role is any of the spatially-distinguished parts of a process.
Cataphora
In linguistics, cataphora is used to describe an expression that co-refers with a later expression in the discourse.
In linguistics, cataphora is used to describe an expression that co-refers with a later expression in the discourse.
Categorization
Categorization is the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood.
Categorization is the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood.
Co-construction
In linguistics, a co-construction is a grammatical or semantic entity which has been uttered by more than one speaker.
In linguistics, a co-construction is a grammatical or semantic entity which has been uttered by more than one speaker.
Cognitive description
Cognitive description is a term used in psychology to describe the cognitive workings of the human mind.
Cognitive description is a term used in psychology to describe the cognitive workings of the human mind.
Cognitive linguistics
In linguistics, cognitive linguistics refers to the branch of linguistics that interprets language in terms of the concepts, sometimes universal, sometimes specific to a particular tongue, whic...
In linguistics, cognitive linguistics refers to the branch of linguistics that interprets language in terms of the concepts, sometimes universal, sometimes specific to a particular tongue, whic...
Coherence (linguistics)
Coherence in linguistics is what makes a text semantically meaningful.
Coherence in linguistics is what makes a text semantically meaningful.
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" is a sentence composed by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 Syntactic Structures as an example of a sentence that is grammatically correct but semantically non...
"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" is a sentence composed by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 Syntactic Structures as an example of a sentence that is grammatically correct but semantically non...
Componential analysis
Componential analysis, also called feature analysis or contrast analysis, refers to the description of the meaning of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given ...
Componential analysis, also called feature analysis or contrast analysis, refers to the description of the meaning of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given ...
Computational semantics
Computational semantics is the study of how to automate the process of constructing and reasoning with meaning representations of natural language expressions.
Computational semantics is the study of how to automate the process of constructing and reasoning with meaning representations of natural language expressions.
Conceptual Semantics
Conceptual Semantics is a framework for semantic analysis developed mainly by Ray Jackendoff.
Conceptual Semantics is a framework for semantic analysis developed mainly by Ray Jackendoff.
Conceptual semantics
Conceptual Semantics is a framework for semantic analysis developed mainly by Ray Jackendoff.
Conceptual Semantics is a framework for semantic analysis developed mainly by Ray Jackendoff.
Connotation
A connotation is a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word's or phrase's explicit or literal meaning, which is ...
A connotation is a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word's or phrase's explicit or literal meaning, which is ...
Context change potential
In formal semantics, context change potential (CCP) is the way new information reshapes existing understanding.
In formal semantics, context change potential (CCP) is the way new information reshapes existing understanding.
Contrast (linguistics)
In semantics, contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments.
In semantics, contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments.
Cryptotype
Cryptotype or covert categories of language is a concept coined by Benjamin Lee Whorf which describes semantic or syntactic features, that do not have a morphological implementation, but w...
Cryptotype or covert categories of language is a concept coined by Benjamin Lee Whorf which describes semantic or syntactic features, that do not have a morphological implementation, but w...
Cumulativity
In linguistic semantics, an expression X is said to have cumulative reference if and only if the following holds: If X is true of both of a and b, then it is also true of the combinatio...
In linguistic semantics, an expression X is said to have cumulative reference if and only if the following holds: If X is true of both of a and b, then it is also true of the combinatio...
Danish functional linguistics
Danish functional linguistics is a strand of functional linguistics drawing heavily on the work and ideas of Louis Hjelmslev, but also other functional frameworks such as cognitive semantics and...
Danish functional linguistics is a strand of functional linguistics drawing heavily on the work and ideas of Louis Hjelmslev, but also other functional frameworks such as cognitive semantics and...
Danish Functionalism
Danish Functionalism (also referred to as Danish Functional Linguistics) is a strand of functional linguistics drawing heavily on the work and ideas of Louis Hjelmslev, but also other functional...
Danish Functionalism (also referred to as Danish Functional Linguistics) is a strand of functional linguistics drawing heavily on the work and ideas of Louis Hjelmslev, but also other functional...
Deferred reference
In natural language, a deferred reference is the metonymic use of an expression to refer to an entity related to the conventional meaning of that expression, but not denoted by it.
In natural language, a deferred reference is the metonymic use of an expression to refer to an entity related to the conventional meaning of that expression, but not denoted by it.
Definition
A definition is a passage that explains the meaning of a term (a word, phrase or other set of symbols), or a type of thing.
A definition is a passage that explains the meaning of a term (a word, phrase or other set of symbols), or a type of thing.
Definition of music
How to define music has long been the subject of debate; philosophers, musicians, and, more recently, various social and natural scientists have argued about what constitutes music.
How to define music has long been the subject of debate; philosophers, musicians, and, more recently, various social and natural scientists have argued about what constitutes music.
Demonym
A demonym, also referred to as a gentilic, is a name for a resident of a locality.
A demonym, also referred to as a gentilic, is a name for a resident of a locality.
Descriptive interpretation
According to Rudolf Carnap, in logic, an interpretation is a descriptive interpretation (also called a factual interpretation) if at least one of the undefined symbols of its formal system...
According to Rudolf Carnap, in logic, an interpretation is a descriptive interpretation (also called a factual interpretation) if at least one of the undefined symbols of its formal system...
Descriptive knowledge
Descriptive knowledge, also declarative knowledge or propositional knowledge, is the type of knowledge that is, by its very nature, expressed in declarative sentences or indicative p...
Descriptive knowledge, also declarative knowledge or propositional knowledge, is the type of knowledge that is, by its very nature, expressed in declarative sentences or indicative p...
Descriptivist theory of names
Descriptivist theory of names is a view of the nature of the meaning and reference of proper names generally attributed to Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell.
Descriptivist theory of names is a view of the nature of the meaning and reference of proper names generally attributed to Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell.
Differentiation (linguistics)
Differentiation in semantics is defined by Löbner (2002) as a meaning shift reached by "adding concepts to the original concepts".
Differentiation in semantics is defined by Löbner (2002) as a meaning shift reached by "adding concepts to the original concepts".
Discourse
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication".
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication".
Discourse relation
A discourse relation (or rhetorical relation) is a description of how two segments of discourse are logically connected to one another.
A discourse relation (or rhetorical relation) is a description of how two segments of discourse are logically connected to one another.
Discourse representation theory
In formal linguistics, Discourse Representation Theory is a framework for exploring meaning under a formal semantics approach.
In formal linguistics, Discourse Representation Theory is a framework for exploring meaning under a formal semantics approach.
Distributional hypothesis
The Distributional Hypothesis in linguistics is that words that occur in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings.
The Distributional Hypothesis in linguistics is that words that occur in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings.
Domain of discourse
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse, also called the universe of discourse (or simply universe), is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some f...
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse, also called the universe of discourse (or simply universe), is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some f...
Double entendre
A double entendre is a figure of speech in which a spoken phrase is devised to be understood in either of two ways.
A double entendre is a figure of speech in which a spoken phrase is devised to be understood in either of two ways.
Double negative
A double negative occurs when two forms of negation are used in the same sentence.
A double negative occurs when two forms of negation are used in the same sentence.
E-Prime
E-Prime (short for English-Prime, sometimes denoted E′) is a version of the English language that excludes all forms of the verb to be.
E-Prime (short for English-Prime, sometimes denoted E′) is a version of the English language that excludes all forms of the verb to be.
Elegant variation
Elegant variation is a phrase coined by Henry Watson Fowler referring to the unnecessary use of synonyms to denote a single thing.
Elegant variation is a phrase coined by Henry Watson Fowler referring to the unnecessary use of synonyms to denote a single thing.
Elizabeth C. Traugott
Elizabeth C. Traugott is an emeritus professor at Stanford University.
Elizabeth C. Traugott is an emeritus professor at Stanford University.
Endophora
In linguistics, endophora is a term that means an expression which refers to something intralinguistic, i.e. in the same text.
In linguistics, endophora is a term that means an expression which refers to something intralinguistic, i.e. in the same text.
Exonym and endonym
In ethnolinguistics, an endonym or autonym is a local name for a geographical feature, and an exonym or xenonym is a foreign language name for it.
In ethnolinguistics, an endonym or autonym is a local name for a geographical feature, and an exonym or xenonym is a foreign language name for it.
Exophora
In linguistic pragmatics, exophora is reference to something extralinguistic, i.e. not in the same text, and contrasts with endophora.
In linguistic pragmatics, exophora is reference to something extralinguistic, i.e. not in the same text, and contrasts with endophora.
Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary
An Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary is a type of monolingual dictionary designed to be part of a Meaning-Text linguistic model of a natural language.
An Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary is a type of monolingual dictionary designed to be part of a Meaning-Text linguistic model of a natural language.
Explanatory combinatorial dictionary
An explanatory combinatorial dictionary is a type of monolingual dictionary designed to be part of a meaning-text linguistic model of a natural language.
An explanatory combinatorial dictionary is a type of monolingual dictionary designed to be part of a meaning-text linguistic model of a natural language.
Explication
The idea and practice of explication is rooted in the verb to explicate, which concerns the process of "unfolding" and of "making clear" the meaning of things, so as to make the implicit explicit.
The idea and practice of explication is rooted in the verb to explicate, which concerns the process of "unfolding" and of "making clear" the meaning of things, so as to make the implicit explicit.
Extension (semantics)
In any of several studies that treat the use of signs - for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics - the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the thin...
In any of several studies that treat the use of signs - for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics - the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the thin...
Focus (linguistics)
Focus is a concept in linguistic theory that deals with how information in one phrase relates to information that has come before.
Focus is a concept in linguistic theory that deals with how information in one phrase relates to information that has come before.
Force Dynamics
Force Dynamics is a semantic category that describes the way in which entities interact with reference to force.
Force Dynamics is a semantic category that describes the way in which entities interact with reference to force.
Force dynamics
Force dynamics is a semantic category that describes the way in which entities interact with reference to force.
Force dynamics is a semantic category that describes the way in which entities interact with reference to force.
Formal semantics (linguistics)
In linguistics, formal semantics seeks to understand linguistic meaning by constructing precise mathematical models of the principles that speakers use to define relations between expressions in...
In linguistics, formal semantics seeks to understand linguistic meaning by constructing precise mathematical models of the principles that speakers use to define relations between expressions in...
Formal semantics (logic)
In logic, formal semantics is the study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and (idealizations of) natural languages usually trying to capture the pre-theoretic notion of entailment.
In logic, formal semantics is the study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and (idealizations of) natural languages usually trying to capture the pre-theoretic notion of entailment.
Formal Semantics in Moscow
Formal Semantics in Moscow (FSiM) is an annual academic conference devoted to the formal semantics and pragmatics of natural language.
Formal Semantics in Moscow (FSiM) is an annual academic conference devoted to the formal semantics and pragmatics of natural language.
Frame semantics (linguistics)
Frame semantics, a further development of Charles J. Fillmore's case grammar, relates linguistic semantics to encyclopaedic knowledge.
Frame semantics, a further development of Charles J. Fillmore's case grammar, relates linguistic semantics to encyclopaedic knowledge.
Functional Generative Description
Functional Generative Description (FGD) is a linguistic framework developed at Charles University in Prague since the 1960s by a team led by Petr Sgall.
Functional Generative Description (FGD) is a linguistic framework developed at Charles University in Prague since the 1960s by a team led by Petr Sgall.
Functional generative description
Functional generative description is a linguistic framework developed at Charles University in Prague since the 1960s by a team led by Petr Sgall.
Functional generative description is a linguistic framework developed at Charles University in Prague since the 1960s by a team led by Petr Sgall.
Generalized quantifier
In linguistic semantics, a generalized quantifier is an expression that denotes a property of a property, also called a higher-order property.
In linguistic semantics, a generalized quantifier is an expression that denotes a property of a property, also called a higher-order property.
Generative semantics
Generative semantics is the name of a research program within linguistics, initiated by the work of various early students of Noam Chomsky: John R. Ross, Paul Postal and later James McCawley.
Generative semantics is the name of a research program within linguistics, initiated by the work of various early students of Noam Chomsky: John R. Ross, Paul Postal and later James McCawley.
Geometry of interaction
The Geometry of Interaction (GoI) was introduced by Jean-Yves Girard shortly after his work on Linear Logic.
The Geometry of Interaction (GoI) was introduced by Jean-Yves Girard shortly after his work on Linear Logic.
Glokaya kuzdra
Glokaya kuzdra (Глокая куздра) is a reference to a meaningless but grammatically correct Russian language phrase, similar to the English language phrases using the pseudoword "gostak".
Glokaya kuzdra (Глокая куздра) is a reference to a meaningless but grammatically correct Russian language phrase, similar to the English language phrases using the pseudoword "gostak".
Glue Semantics
Glue Semantics, or simply Glue (Dalrymple et al.
Glue Semantics, or simply Glue (Dalrymple et al.
Gostak
Gostak is a meaningless noun that is used in the phrase "the gostak distims the doshes", an example of how it is possible to derive meaning from the syntax of a sentence even if the referents of...
Gostak is a meaningless noun that is used in the phrase "the gostak distims the doshes", an example of how it is possible to derive meaning from the syntax of a sentence even if the referents of...
Grammatical category
A grammatical category is an analytical class within the grammar of a language, whose members have the same syntactic distribution and recur as structural unit throughout the language, and which...
A grammatical category is an analytical class within the grammar of a language, whose members have the same syntactic distribution and recur as structural unit throughout the language, and which...
Grammatical relation
In linguistics, grammatical functions (or grammatical relations) refer to functional relationships between participants in a proposition.
In linguistics, grammatical functions (or grammatical relations) refer to functional relationships between participants in a proposition.
Homophone
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning.
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning.
Indeterminacy (philosophy)
Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of...
Indeterminacy, in philosophy, can refer both to common scientific and mathematical concepts of uncertainty and their implications and to another kind of indeterminacy deriving from the nature of...
Indexicality
In linguistics and in philosophy of language, an indexical behavior or utterance points to some state of affairs.
In linguistics and in philosophy of language, an indexical behavior or utterance points to some state of affairs.
Inferential role semantics
Inferential role semantics is an approach to the theory of meaning that identifies the meaning of an expression with its relationship to other expressions, typically its inferential relations wi...
Inferential role semantics is an approach to the theory of meaning that identifies the meaning of an expression with its relationship to other expressions, typically its inferential relations wi...
Intension
In linguistics, logic, philosophy, and other fields, an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol.
In linguistics, logic, philosophy, and other fields, an intension is any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol.
Internalism and externalism
Internalism and externalism are two opposing ways of explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy.
Internalism and externalism are two opposing ways of explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy.
International Cognitive Linguistics Association
The International Cognitive Linguistics Association (ICLA) is a linguistics association that sponsors conferences, major journals and books for relevant research in the field of linguistics.
The International Cognitive Linguistics Association (ICLA) is a linguistics association that sponsors conferences, major journals and books for relevant research in the field of linguistics.
Interpretation (logic)
An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language.
An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language.
Invariance principle
In cognitive linguistics, the invariance principle is a simple attempt to explain similarities and differences between how an idea is understood in "ordinary" usage, and how it is understood whe...
In cognitive linguistics, the invariance principle is a simple attempt to explain similarities and differences between how an idea is understood in "ordinary" usage, and how it is understood whe...
Invective
Libel is a verse genre primarily of the Renaissance, descended from the tradition of invective in classical Greek and Roman poetry.
Libel is a verse genre primarily of the Renaissance, descended from the tradition of invective in classical Greek and Roman poetry.
Invention Machine
Invention Machine Corporation is an enterprise innovation software company headquartered in Boston, MA with offices in Paris, London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, and Minsk and a global network of partners...
Invention Machine Corporation is an enterprise innovation software company headquartered in Boston, MA with offices in Paris, London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, and Minsk and a global network of partners...
James Higginbotham
James Higginbotham is distinguished professor of Linguistics and Philosophy at the University of Southern California.
James Higginbotham is distinguished professor of Linguistics and Philosophy at the University of Southern California.
Journal of Semantics
The Journal of Semantics is a leading international peer-reviewed journal of semantics of natural languages published by Oxford University Press.
The Journal of Semantics is a leading international peer-reviewed journal of semantics of natural languages published by Oxford University Press.
Junction Grammar
Junction Grammar is a descriptive model of language developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eldon G. Lytle (1936 - 2010)Source.
Junction Grammar is a descriptive model of language developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eldon G. Lytle (1936 - 2010)Source.
Kataphora
In semantics, Kataphora is the repetition of a cohesive device at the end of a sentence.
In semantics, Kataphora is the repetition of a cohesive device at the end of a sentence.
Lesk algorithm
The Lesk algorithm is a classical algorithm for word sense disambiguation introduced by Michael E. Lesk in 1986.
The Lesk algorithm is a classical algorithm for word sense disambiguation introduced by Michael E. Lesk in 1986.
Lewis's Generalization
Lewis's Generalization is an analysis of the non-monotonic semantics of definite descriptions.
Lewis's Generalization is an analysis of the non-monotonic semantics of definite descriptions.
Lewis's generalization
Lewis's generalization is an analysis of the non-monotonic semantics of definite descriptions.
Lewis's generalization is an analysis of the non-monotonic semantics of definite descriptions.
Lexical field theory
Lexical field theory, or word-field theory, was introduced on March 12, 1931 by the German linguist Jost Trier.
Lexical field theory, or word-field theory, was introduced on March 12, 1931 by the German linguist Jost Trier.
Lexical function
A lexical function is a tool developed within Meaning-Text Theory for the description and systematization of semantic relationships, specifically collocations and lexical derivation, between par...
A lexical function is a tool developed within Meaning-Text Theory for the description and systematization of semantic relationships, specifically collocations and lexical derivation, between par...
Lexical semantics
Lexical semantics is a subfield of linguistic semantics.
Lexical semantics is a subfield of linguistic semantics.
Lexical substitution
Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a sentence.
Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a sentence.
Linguistic modality
In linguistics, modality is what allows speakers to evaluate a proposition relative to a set of other propositions.
In linguistics, modality is what allows speakers to evaluate a proposition relative to a set of other propositions.
Literal and figurative language
Literal and figurative language is a distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language.
Literal and figurative language is a distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language.
Markedness
Markedness is asymmetry relation between elements of linguistic or conceptual structure.
Markedness is asymmetry relation between elements of linguistic or conceptual structure.
Meaning (linguistics)
In linguistics, meaning is what is intended to be expressed by the writer or speaker of a message or communication, and what is conveyed to the reader or listener.
In linguistics, meaning is what is intended to be expressed by the writer or speaker of a message or communication, and what is conveyed to the reader or listener.
Meaning (philosophy of language)
The nature of meaning, its definition, elements, and types, was discussed by philosophers Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas.
The nature of meaning, its definition, elements, and types, was discussed by philosophers Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas.
Meaning and Necessity
Meaning and Necessity is a 1947 book by Rudolf Carnap.
Meaning and Necessity is a 1947 book by Rudolf Carnap.
Meaning postulate
In semantics, a meaning postulate is the notion that lexical items (words) can be defined in terms of relations with other lexical items.
In semantics, a meaning postulate is the notion that lexical items (words) can be defined in terms of relations with other lexical items.
Meaning-Text Theory
Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) is a theoretical linguistic framework, first put forward in Moscow by Aleksandr Žolkovskij and Igor Mel’čuk, for the construction of models of natural language.
Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) is a theoretical linguistic framework, first put forward in Moscow by Aleksandr Žolkovskij and Igor Mel’čuk, for the construction of models of natural language.
Mentalist Postulate
The Mentalist Postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings.
The Mentalist Postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings.
Mentalist postulate
The mentalist postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings.
The mentalist postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings.
Metaphor and metonymy
Metaphor (drawing a similarity between two things) and metonymy (drawing a continuity between two things), are two fundamental opposite poles along which a discourse with human lan...
Metaphor (drawing a similarity between two things) and metonymy (drawing a continuity between two things), are two fundamental opposite poles along which a discourse with human lan...
Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.
Misnomer
A misnomer is a word or term which suggests a meaning that is known to be wrong.
A misnomer is a word or term which suggests a meaning that is known to be wrong.
Modal property
A modal property is a property representing possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done.
A modal property is a property representing possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done.
Modularity of mind
Modularity of mind is the notion that a mind may, at least in part, be composed of separate innate structures which have established evolutionarily developed functional purposes.
Modularity of mind is the notion that a mind may, at least in part, be composed of separate innate structures which have established evolutionarily developed functional purposes.
Mondegreen
A mondegreen is the mishearing or misinterpretation of a phrase as a result of near-homophony, in a way that gives it a new meaning.
A mondegreen is the mishearing or misinterpretation of a phrase as a result of near-homophony, in a way that gives it a new meaning.
Montague grammar
Montague grammar is an approach to natural language semantics, named after American logician Richard Montague.
Montague grammar is an approach to natural language semantics, named after American logician Richard Montague.
Natural Language Semantics
Natural Language Semantics: An International Journal of Semantics and Its Interfaces in Grammar is a leading international peer-reviewed semantics journal published by Springer Netherlands (by K...
Natural Language Semantics: An International Journal of Semantics and Its Interfaces in Grammar is a leading international peer-reviewed semantics journal published by Springer Netherlands (by K...
Natural semantic metalanguage
The Natural semantic metalanguage is a linguistic theory based on the conception of Polish professor Andrzej Bogusławski.
The Natural semantic metalanguage is a linguistic theory based on the conception of Polish professor Andrzej Bogusławski.
Negation
In logic and mathematics, negation, also called logical complement, is an operation on propositions, truth values, or semantic values more generally.
In logic and mathematics, negation, also called logical complement, is an operation on propositions, truth values, or semantic values more generally.
Nominative determinism
Nominative determinism is a comparatively recent term for the theory that a person's name can have a significant role in determining key aspects of job, profession or even character.
Nominative determinism is a comparatively recent term for the theory that a person's name can have a significant role in determining key aspects of job, profession or even character.
Null instantiation
In the FrameNet project, Null instantiation is the name of a category used to annotate, or tag, absent semantic constituents or frame elements (Fillmore et al.
In the FrameNet project, Null instantiation is the name of a category used to annotate, or tag, absent semantic constituents or frame elements (Fillmore et al.
Oronym
An oronym is a pair of phrases which share a similar relationship as the homophonic, in that they differ in meaning and spelling, yet share a similar pronunciation.
An oronym is a pair of phrases which share a similar relationship as the homophonic, in that they differ in meaning and spelling, yet share a similar pronunciation.
Ostensive definition
An ostensive definition conveys the meaning of a term by pointing out examples.
An ostensive definition conveys the meaning of a term by pointing out examples.
Oxymoron
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms.
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms.
Phi features
Phi features is a linguistic term to describe the semantic features of person, number and gender, as encoded in words such as nouns and pronouns (which are said to consist only of phi-features, ...
Phi features is a linguistic term to describe the semantic features of person, number and gender, as encoded in words such as nouns and pronouns (which are said to consist only of phi-features, ...
Phonestheme
The term phonestheme (or phonaestheme in British English) was coined in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth (from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception"...
The term phonestheme (or phonaestheme in British English) was coined in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth (from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception"...
Pleonasm
Pleonasm is the use of more words or word-parts than is necessary for clear expression: examples are black darkness, or burning fire.
Pleonasm is the use of more words or word-parts than is necessary for clear expression: examples are black darkness, or burning fire.
Polysemy
Polysemy is the capacity for a sign or signs to have multiple meanings, i.e., a large semantic field.
Polysemy is the capacity for a sign or signs to have multiple meanings, i.e., a large semantic field.
Predicate (grammar)
There are two competing notions of the predicate in theories of grammar.
There are two competing notions of the predicate in theories of grammar.
Presentation semantics
In computer science, particularly in human-computer interaction, presentation semantics specify how a particular piece of a formal language is represented in a distinguished manner accessible to...
In computer science, particularly in human-computer interaction, presentation semantics specify how a particular piece of a formal language is represented in a distinguished manner accessible to...
Presupposition
In the branch of linguistics known as pragmatics, a presupposition (or ps) is an implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth is taken for ...
In the branch of linguistics known as pragmatics, a presupposition (or ps) is an implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth is taken for ...
Principle of bivalence
In logic, the semantic principle of bivalence states that every declarative sentence expressing a proposition has exactly one truth value, either true or false.
In logic, the semantic principle of bivalence states that every declarative sentence expressing a proposition has exactly one truth value, either true or false.
Principle of compositionality
In mathematics, semantics, and philosophy of language, the Principle of Compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituen...
In mathematics, semantics, and philosophy of language, the Principle of Compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituen...
Prototype theory
Prototype theory is a mode of graded categorization in cognitive science, where some members of a category are more central than others.
Prototype theory is a mode of graded categorization in cognitive science, where some members of a category are more central than others.
Pseudonym
A pseudonym is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from his or her original or true name.
A pseudonym is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from his or her original or true name.
Q-based narrowing
In semantics, Q-based narrowing is narrowing (a reduction in a word's range of meanings) that is caused by Grice's Maxim of Quantity (see Gricean maxims).
In semantics, Q-based narrowing is narrowing (a reduction in a word's range of meanings) that is caused by Grice's Maxim of Quantity (see Gricean maxims).
Quantization (linguistics)
Quantization has proven relevant to the proper characterization of grammatical telicity (roughly, sentences that present events as bounded/unbounded in time) and the mass/count distinction for ...
Quantization has proven relevant to the proper characterization of grammatical telicity (roughly, sentences that present events as bounded/unbounded in time) and the mass/count distinction for ...
RAS syndrome
RAS syndrome, also known as PNS syndrome or RAP phrases, refers to the use of one or more of the words that make up an acronym or initialism in conjunction with the abbreviated form,...
RAS syndrome, also known as PNS syndrome or RAP phrases, refers to the use of one or more of the words that make up an acronym or initialism in conjunction with the abbreviated form,...
Reciprocal (grammar)
A reciprocal is a linguistic structure that marks a particular kind of relationship between two noun phrases.
A reciprocal is a linguistic structure that marks a particular kind of relationship between two noun phrases.
Redundancy (linguistics)
In linguistics, redundancy is the construction of a phrase that presents some idea using more information, often via multiple means, than is necessary for one to be able understand the idea.
In linguistics, redundancy is the construction of a phrase that presents some idea using more information, often via multiple means, than is necessary for one to be able understand the idea.
Reference
Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.
Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object.
Referential Density
Referential Density is a concept of ficto-narrative theory put forward by Thomas G. Pavel in his 1986 book, Fictional Worlds.
Referential Density is a concept of ficto-narrative theory put forward by Thomas G. Pavel in his 1986 book, Fictional Worlds.
Referential density
Referential density is a concept of ficto-narrative theory put forward by Thomas G. Pavel in his 1986 book, Fictional Worlds.
Referential density is a concept of ficto-narrative theory put forward by Thomas G. Pavel in his 1986 book, Fictional Worlds.
Referring expression
A referring expression (RE), in linguistics, is any noun phrase, or surrogate for a noun phrase, whose function in a text (spoken, signed or written on a particular occasion) is to "pick out" an...
A referring expression (RE), in linguistics, is any noun phrase, or surrogate for a noun phrase, whose function in a text (spoken, signed or written on a particular occasion) is to "pick out" an...
Relational oppositeness
In linguistics the term relational oppositeness refers to the relationship between two words which seem to be opposites of each other but in fact actually imply each other.
In linguistics the term relational oppositeness refers to the relationship between two words which seem to be opposites of each other but in fact actually imply each other.
Representation term
A representation term is a word, or a combination of words, that semantically represent the data type (value domain) of a data element.
A representation term is a word, or a combination of words, that semantically represent the data type (value domain) of a data element.
Retronym
A retronym is a type of neologism that provides a new name for an object or concept to differentiate the original form or version of it from a more recent form or version.
A retronym is a type of neologism that provides a new name for an object or concept to differentiate the original form or version of it from a more recent form or version.
Richard H. Richens
Richard H. Richens was the inventor of semantic nets for computers.
Richard H. Richens was the inventor of semantic nets for computers.
Semantic Analysis (book)
Semantic Analysis is a book written by american philosopher Paul Ziff.
Semantic Analysis is a book written by american philosopher Paul Ziff.
Semantic analysis (computational)
Semantic Analysis (computational) is a composite of the "Semantic Analysis" and the "Computational" components.
Semantic Analysis (computational) is a composite of the "Semantic Analysis" and the "Computational" components.
Semantic Architecture
Semantic architecture is a novel concept in software architecture which envisions enabling the architecture community to unambiguously capture, catalog, communicate, preserve, and interoperably ...
Semantic architecture is a novel concept in software architecture which envisions enabling the architecture community to unambiguously capture, catalog, communicate, preserve, and interoperably ...
Semantic architecture
Semantic architecture is a novel concept in software architecture which envisions enabling the architecture community to unambiguously capture, catalog, communicate, preserve, and interoperably ...
Semantic architecture is a novel concept in software architecture which envisions enabling the architecture community to unambiguously capture, catalog, communicate, preserve, and interoperably ...
Semantic change
Semantic change, also known as semantic shift or semantic progression describes the evolution of word usage — usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from...
Semantic change, also known as semantic shift or semantic progression describes the evolution of word usage — usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from...
Semantic class
A semantic class contains words that share a semantic property.
A semantic class contains words that share a semantic property.
Semantic dictionary encoding
Semantic dictionary encoding (SDE) preserves the full semantic context of source programs while adding further information that can be used for accelerating the speed of code generation.
Semantic dictionary encoding (SDE) preserves the full semantic context of source programs while adding further information that can be used for accelerating the speed of code generation.
Semantic discord
Semantic discord is the situation where two parties disagree on the definition of a word or several words essential to communicating or formulating any concept at issue.
Semantic discord is the situation where two parties disagree on the definition of a word or several words essential to communicating or formulating any concept at issue.
Semantic dispute
A semantic dispute is a disagreement that arises if the parties involved disagree about whether a particular claim is true, not because they disagree on material facts, but rather because they ...
A semantic dispute is a disagreement that arises if the parties involved disagree about whether a particular claim is true, not because they disagree on material facts, but rather because they ...
Semantic domain
A semantic domain is a specific place that shares a set of meanings, or a language that holds its meaning, within the given context of the place.
A semantic domain is a specific place that shares a set of meanings, or a language that holds its meaning, within the given context of the place.
Semantic externalism
In the philosophy of language, semantic externalism is the view that the meaning of a term is determined, in whole or in part, by factors external to the speaker.
In the philosophy of language, semantic externalism is the view that the meaning of a term is determined, in whole or in part, by factors external to the speaker.
Semantic feature
A semantic feature is a notational method which can be used to express the existence or non-existence of pre-established semantic properties by using plus and minus signs.
A semantic feature is a notational method which can be used to express the existence or non-existence of pre-established semantic properties by using plus and minus signs.
Semantic field
A semantic field is a technical term in the discipline of linguistics to describe a set of words grouped in a certain way.
A semantic field is a technical term in the discipline of linguistics to describe a set of words grouped in a certain way.
Semantic holism
Semantic holism is a doctrine in the philosophy of language to the effect that a certain part of language, be it a term or a complete sentence, can only be understood through its relations to a ...
Semantic holism is a doctrine in the philosophy of language to the effect that a certain part of language, be it a term or a complete sentence, can only be understood through its relations to a ...
Semantic integration
Semantic integration is the process of interrelating information from diverse sources, for example calendars and to do lists; email archives; physical, psychological, and social presence informa...
Semantic integration is the process of interrelating information from diverse sources, for example calendars and to do lists; email archives; physical, psychological, and social presence informa...
Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice
Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) is a group of people who seek to make the Semantic Web operational in their respective settings by achieving "semantic interoperability" a...
Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) is a group of people who seek to make the Semantic Web operational in their respective settings by achieving "semantic interoperability" a...
Semantic lexicon
A semantic lexicon is a dictionary of words labeled with semantic classes so associations can be drawn between words that have not previously been encountered: it is a dictionary with a semantic...
A semantic lexicon is a dictionary of words labeled with semantic classes so associations can be drawn between words that have not previously been encountered: it is a dictionary with a semantic...
Semantic loan
A semantic loan is a process of borrowing semantic meaning from another language, very similar to the formation of calques.
A semantic loan is a process of borrowing semantic meaning from another language, very similar to the formation of calques.
Semantic memory
Semantic memory refers to the memory of meanings, understandings, and other concept-based knowledge unrelated to specific experiences.
Semantic memory refers to the memory of meanings, understandings, and other concept-based knowledge unrelated to specific experiences.
Semantic primes
Semantic primes means the suggestion that we have as part of our inherited human faculties a basic set of innate 'concepts', or perhaps more precisely, a non-conscious propensity and eagerness t...
Semantic primes means the suggestion that we have as part of our inherited human faculties a basic set of innate 'concepts', or perhaps more precisely, a non-conscious propensity and eagerness t...
Semantic property
Semantic properties or meaning properties are those aspects of a linguistic unit, such as a morpheme, word, or sentence, that contribute to the meaning of that unit.
Semantic properties or meaning properties are those aspects of a linguistic unit, such as a morpheme, word, or sentence, that contribute to the meaning of that unit.
Semantic satiation
Semantic satiation is a psychological phenomenon in which repetition causes a word or phrase to temporarily lose meaning for the listener, who can only process the speech as repeated meaningless...
Semantic satiation is a psychological phenomenon in which repetition causes a word or phrase to temporarily lose meaning for the listener, who can only process the speech as repeated meaningless...
Semantic technology
In software, semantic technology encodes meanings separately from data and content files, and separately from application code.
In software, semantic technology encodes meanings separately from data and content files, and separately from application code.
Semantic unification
Semantic unification, in philosophy, linguistics, and computer science, is the process of unifying lexically different concept representations that are judged to have the same semantic content (...
Semantic unification, in philosophy, linguistics, and computer science, is the process of unifying lexically different concept representations that are judged to have the same semantic content (...
Semantics
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Semasiology
Semasiology (from σημασία (semasia) "signification, meaning" σημαίνω (semaino) "indicate, signify") is a discipline within linguistics concerned with the question "what does the word X mean?".
Semasiology (from σημασία (semasia) "signification, meaning" σημαίνω (semaino) "indicate, signify") is a discipline within linguistics concerned with the question "what does the word X mean?".
SemEval
SemEval (Semantic Evaluation) is an ongoing series of evaluations of computational semantic analysis systems; it evolved from the Senseval word sense evaluation series.
SemEval (Semantic Evaluation) is an ongoing series of evaluations of computational semantic analysis systems; it evolved from the Senseval word sense evaluation series.
Sentence function
In linguistics, sentence function refers to a speaker's purpose in uttering a specific sentence, phrase, or clause.
In linguistics, sentence function refers to a speaker's purpose in uttering a specific sentence, phrase, or clause.
Situation semantics
Situation semantics, pioneered by Jon Barwise and John Perry in the early 1980s, attempts to provide a solid theoretical foundation for reasoning about common-sense and real world situations, ...
Situation semantics, pioneered by Jon Barwise and John Perry in the early 1980s, attempts to provide a solid theoretical foundation for reasoning about common-sense and real world situations, ...
Sobriquet
A sobriquet (pronounced ) is a nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another.
A sobriquet (pronounced ) is a nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another.
Spreading activation
Spreading activation is a method for searching associative networks, neural networks, or semantic networks.
Spreading activation is a method for searching associative networks, neural networks, or semantic networks.
Statistical semantics
Statistical semantics is the study of "how the statistical patterns of human word usage can be used to figure out what people mean, at least to a level sufficient for information access" (Furnas...
Statistical semantics is the study of "how the statistical patterns of human word usage can be used to figure out what people mean, at least to a level sufficient for information access" (Furnas...
Supervaluationism
In logic, supervaluationism is a semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.
In logic, supervaluationism is a semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.
Symbol grounding
The Symbol Grounding Problem is related to the problem of how words (symbols) get their meanings, and hence to the problem of what meaning itself really is.
The Symbol Grounding Problem is related to the problem of how words (symbols) get their meanings, and hence to the problem of what meaning itself really is.
Tautology (logic)
In logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a formula which is true in every possible interpretation.
In logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a formula which is true in every possible interpretation.
Tertium comparationis
Tertium comparationis (Latin = the third part
Of the comparison) is the quality that two things which are being compared have in common.
Tertium comparationis (Latin = the third part
Of the comparison) is the quality that two things which are being compared have in common.
The Twilight Language
Twilight language is a rendering of the Sanskrit term — or of their modern Indic equivalents.
Twilight language is a rendering of the Sanskrit term — or of their modern Indic equivalents.
Triangle of reference
The triangle of reference (also known as the triangle of meaning and the semiotic triangle) is a model of how linguistic symbols are related to the objects they represent.
The triangle of reference (also known as the triangle of meaning and the semiotic triangle) is a model of how linguistic symbols are related to the objects they represent.
Tropes Zoom
Tropes Zoom is a desktop search engine and semantic analysis software from Acetic/Semantic-Knowledge.
Tropes Zoom is a desktop search engine and semantic analysis software from Acetic/Semantic-Knowledge.
Truth condition
In semantics, truth conditions are what obtain precisely when a sentence is true.
In semantics, truth conditions are what obtain precisely when a sentence is true.
Truth table
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus—to compute the functional values of logical exp...
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus—to compute the functional values of logical exp...
Truth-conditional semantics
Truth-conditional semantics is an approach to semantics of natural language that sees the meaning of assertions as being the same as, or reducible to, their truth conditions.
Truth-conditional semantics is an approach to semantics of natural language that sees the meaning of assertions as being the same as, or reducible to, their truth conditions.
Truthmaker
A truthmaker for a truthbearer is that entity in virtue of which the truthbearer is true.
A truthmaker for a truthbearer is that entity in virtue of which the truthbearer is true.
Two dimensionalism
Two dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy.
Two dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy.
Two-dimensionalism
Two dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy.
Two dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy.
Universal pragmatics
Universal pragmatics, more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching an understanding through communication.
Universal pragmatics, more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching an understanding through communication.
Vagueness
The term vagueness denotes a property of concepts (especially predicates).
The term vagueness denotes a property of concepts (especially predicates).
Valency (linguistics)
In linguistics, verb valency or valence refers to the number of arguments controlled by a verbal predicate.
In linguistics, verb valency or valence refers to the number of arguments controlled by a verbal predicate.
Verbosity
Verbosity in language refers to speech or writing which is deemed to use an excess of words.
Verbosity in language refers to speech or writing which is deemed to use an excess of words.
Volition (linguistics)
In linguistics, volition refers to a distinction that is made in some languages' verb conjugations or case assignment to express whether the subject intended the action or not, or whether it...
In linguistics, volition refers to a distinction that is made in some languages' verb conjugations or case assignment to express whether the subject intended the action or not, or whether it...
Word sense
In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word.
In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word.
Word sense induction
In computational linguistics, word sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a...
In computational linguistics, word sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a...
Word-sense
In computational linguistics, word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing, which governs the process of identifying which sense of a word (i.e.
In computational linguistics, word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing, which governs the process of identifying which sense of a word (i.e.
Word-sense induction
In computational linguistics, word-sense induction or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word.
In computational linguistics, word-sense induction or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word.
Xenonym
Xenonym is a term derived from the Greek (xenonymon), literally "foreign name", from (xenos), "foreign" and (ónoma), "name".
Xenonym is a term derived from the Greek (xenonymon), literally "foreign name", from (xenos), "foreign" and (ónoma), "name".