SettingsSocial philosophy
'I' and the 'me'
The I' and the 'me are terms central to the social philosophy of George Herbert Mead, one of the key influences on the development of the branch of sociology called symbolic-interactionism.
The I' and the 'me are terms central to the social philosophy of George Herbert Mead, one of the key influences on the development of the branch of sociology called symbolic-interactionism.
A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity
A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity is a short 2006 book by Manuel De Landa.
A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity is a short 2006 book by Manuel De Landa.
Accountability
Accountability is a concept in ethics and governance with several meanings.
Accountability is a concept in ethics and governance with several meanings.
Action theory (philosophy)
Action theory is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing intentional human bodily movements of more or less complex kind.
Action theory is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing intentional human bodily movements of more or less complex kind.
Active citizenship
Active citizenship refers to a philosophy espoused by some organizations and educational institutions which advocates that members of companies or nation-states have certain roles and responsibi...
Active citizenship refers to a philosophy espoused by some organizations and educational institutions which advocates that members of companies or nation-states have certain roles and responsibi...
Activity theory
Activity theory is an umbrella term for a line of eclectic social sciences theories and research with its roots in the Soviet psychological activity theory pioneered by Alexei Leont'ev and Serge...
Activity theory is an umbrella term for a line of eclectic social sciences theories and research with its roots in the Soviet psychological activity theory pioneered by Alexei Leont'ev and Serge...
Afrocentrism
Afrocentrism is a cultural ideology mostly limited to the United States and is dedicated to the history of Black people.
Afrocentrism is a cultural ideology mostly limited to the United States and is dedicated to the history of Black people.
Agency (philosophy)
In philosophy and sociology, Agency is the capacity of an agent (a person or other entity) to act in a world.
In philosophy and sociology, Agency is the capacity of an agent (a person or other entity) to act in a world.
Ahistoricism
Ahistoricism refers to a lack of concern related to history, historical development, or tradition.
Ahistoricism refers to a lack of concern related to history, historical development, or tradition.
Americentrism
Americentrism is a term referring to the ethnocentric and xenophobic practice of viewing the world from an explicitly American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subcons...
Americentrism is a term referring to the ethnocentric and xenophobic practice of viewing the world from an explicitly American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subcons...
Anarcho-primitivism
Anarcho-primitivism is an anarchist critique of the origins and progress of civilization.
Anarcho-primitivism is an anarchist critique of the origins and progress of civilization.
Anomie
Anomie is a term meaning "without Law" to describe a lack of social norms; normlessness".
Anomie is a term meaning "without Law" to describe a lack of social norms; normlessness".
Anti-environmentalism
Anti-environmentalism is a backlash against the environmental movement.
Anti-environmentalism is a backlash against the environmental movement.
Antimilitarism
Antimilitarism is a doctrine commonly found in the anarchist and, more globally, in the socialist movement, which may both be characterized as internationalist movements.
Antimilitarism is a doctrine commonly found in the anarchist and, more globally, in the socialist movement, which may both be characterized as internationalist movements.
Antonio Negri
Antonio Negri (born August 1, 1933) is an Italian Marxist sociologist and political philosopher.
Antonio Negri (born August 1, 1933) is an Italian Marxist sociologist and political philosopher.
Ascribed status
Ascribed status is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life.
Ascribed status is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life.
Augustinian values
Augustinian values refer to values which are Christian and which Augustine of Hippo has colored with his saintly life and deepened by his teaching.
Augustinian values refer to values which are Christian and which Augustine of Hippo has colored with his saintly life and deepened by his teaching.
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority as well as the administration of said authority.
Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority as well as the administration of said authority.
Authority (sociology)
Authority is the legitimate or socially approved use of power.It is the legitimate power which one person or a group holds over another.
Authority is the legitimate or socially approved use of power.It is the legitimate power which one person or a group holds over another.
Avant-Garde and Kitsch
Avant-Garde and Kitsch is the title of a 1939 essay by Clement Greenberg, first published in the Partisan Review, in which he claimed that avant-garde and modernist art was a means to re...
Avant-Garde and Kitsch is the title of a 1939 essay by Clement Greenberg, first published in the Partisan Review, in which he claimed that avant-garde and modernist art was a means to re...
Axel Honneth
Axel Honneth (born July 18, 1949) is a professor of philosophy at the University of Frankfurt, Germany and director of the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Fra...
Axel Honneth (born July 18, 1949) is a professor of philosophy at the University of Frankfurt, Germany and director of the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Fra...
Axiom of Equity
The Axiom of Equity was proposed by Samuel Clarke (1675 - 1729), an English philosopher, in the spirit of the ethic of reciprocity.
The Axiom of Equity was proposed by Samuel Clarke (1675 - 1729), an English philosopher, in the spirit of the ethic of reciprocity.
Banality of evil
Banality of evil is a phrase coined by Hannah Arendt and incorporated in the title of her 1963 work Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil.
Banality of evil is a phrase coined by Hannah Arendt and incorporated in the title of her 1963 work Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil.
Belief
Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.
Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.
Bilateral descent
Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth.
Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth.
Black existentialism
Black Existentialism or Africana Critical Theory is a school of thought that affects both African American philosophy and African American literature that critiques domination and affirm...
Black Existentialism or Africana Critical Theory is a school of thought that affects both African American philosophy and African American literature that critiques domination and affirm...
Body language
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
Body to Body Communication
Body to Body Communication Body to Body communication is related to the term face to face communication, but it describes the complexity of human communication in more depth.
Body to Body Communication Body to Body communication is related to the term face to face communication, but it describes the complexity of human communication in more depth.
Body-to-body communication
Body-to-body communication is related to the term face-to-face communication, but it describes the complexity of human communication in more depth.
Body-to-body communication is related to the term face-to-face communication, but it describes the complexity of human communication in more depth.
Boris Parygin
Boris Dmitrievitch Parygin — is a soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist and one of the founders of the Social Psychology.
Boris Dmitrievitch Parygin — is a soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist and one of the founders of the Social Psychology.
Budget-maximizing model
Budget-maximizing model is an influential new stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen, in 1971.
Budget-maximizing model is an influential new stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen, in 1971.
Capitalism
Capitalism is generally considered to be an economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit or income by individual...
Capitalism is generally considered to be an economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods or services for profit or income by individual...
Circuit of culture
The Circuit of Culture is a theory or framework used in the area of cultural studies.
The Circuit of Culture is a theory or framework used in the area of cultural studies.
Citizen Cyborg
Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future is a 2004 non-fiction book by bioethicist and sociologist James Hughes, which articulates democrat...
Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future is a 2004 non-fiction book by bioethicist and sociologist James Hughes, which articulates democrat...
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss (; (28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist, and has been called, along with James George Frazer, the "father of modern anthropology".
Claude Lévi-Strauss (; (28 November 1908 – 30 October 2009) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist, and has been called, along with James George Frazer, the "father of modern anthropology".
Coercion
Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to behave in an involuntary manner by use of threats or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force.
Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to behave in an involuntary manner by use of threats or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force.
Common good
The common good or common weal is a term that can refer to several different concepts.
The common good or common weal is a term that can refer to several different concepts.
Communicative rationality
Communicative rationality, or communicative reason, is a theory or set of theories which describes human rationality as a necessary outcome of successful communication.
Communicative rationality, or communicative reason, is a theory or set of theories which describes human rationality as a necessary outcome of successful communication.
Computer ethics
Computer Ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
Computer Ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
Conflict theory
Conflict theories are perspectives in social science which emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which oth...
Conflict theories are perspectives in social science which emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which oth...
Conscience
Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment of the intellect that distinguishes right from wrong.
Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment of the intellect that distinguishes right from wrong.
Consumerism
Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts.
Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts.
Corporacracy
Corporacracy is a social theory that focuses on the increasing usage of corporate structure in today's society.
Corporacracy is a social theory that focuses on the increasing usage of corporate structure in today's society.
Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality.
Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human ethnic groups belong to a single community based on a shared morality.
Cultural studies
Cultural studies is an academic field grounded in critical theory and literary criticism.
Cultural studies is an academic field grounded in critical theory and literary criticism.
Cyberethics
Cyberethics is the study of ethics pertaining to computers and computer networks, encompassing user behavior and what computers are programmed to do, and how this affects individuals and society.
Cyberethics is the study of ethics pertaining to computers and computer networks, encompassing user behavior and what computers are programmed to do, and how this affects individuals and society.
Dasein
Dasein is a German word famously used by Martin Heidegger in his magnum opus Being and Time, which generally translates to being in its ontological and philosophical sense (cf.
Dasein is a German word famously used by Martin Heidegger in his magnum opus Being and Time, which generally translates to being in its ontological and philosophical sense (cf.
Decisionism
Decisionism is a political, ethical and jurisprudential doctrine which states that moral or legal precepts are the product of decisions made by political or legal bodies.
Decisionism is a political, ethical and jurisprudential doctrine which states that moral or legal precepts are the product of decisions made by political or legal bodies.
Deliberation
Deliberation is a process of thoughtfully weighing options, usually prior to voting.
Deliberation is a process of thoughtfully weighing options, usually prior to voting.
Democratic transhumanism
Democratic transhumanism, a term coined by Dr. James Hughes in 2002, refers to the stance of transhumanists (advocates for the development and use of human enhancement technologies) who espo...
Democratic transhumanism, a term coined by Dr. James Hughes in 2002, refers to the stance of transhumanists (advocates for the development and use of human enhancement technologies) who espo...
Deterritorialization
Deterritorialization is a concept created by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Anti-Oedipus (1972), which, in accordance to Deleuze's desire and philosophy, quickly became used by others,...
Deterritorialization is a concept created by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Anti-Oedipus (1972), which, in accordance to Deleuze's desire and philosophy, quickly became used by others,...
Deviance (sociology)
Deviance in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules as well as informal violations of social norms.
Deviance in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms including formally-enacted rules as well as informal violations of social norms.
Dialectic
Dialectic is a method of argument for resolving disagreement that has been central to Indian and European philosophy since antiquity.
Dialectic is a method of argument for resolving disagreement that has been central to Indian and European philosophy since antiquity.
Discontinuity (Postmodernism)
For Michel Foucault (1926-84), discontinuity and continuity reflect the flow of history and the fact that some "things are no longer perceived, described, expressed, characterised, classified, a...
For Michel Foucault (1926-84), discontinuity and continuity reflect the flow of history and the fact that some "things are no longer perceived, described, expressed, characterised, classified, a...
Discourse
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication".
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication".
Dominant culture
The dominant culture in a society refers to the established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs.
The dominant culture in a society refers to the established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs.
Donor recognition wall
With origins in the early 20th century, a donor recognition wall (also known as a donor wall or donor display) is typically a wall-mounted display found in a centralized location of a hospital, ...
With origins in the early 20th century, a donor recognition wall (also known as a donor wall or donor display) is typically a wall-mounted display found in a centralized location of a hospital, ...
Double consciousness
Double consciousness, in its contemporary sense, is a term coined by W. E. B. Du Bois.
Double consciousness, in its contemporary sense, is a term coined by W. E. B. Du Bois.
Dystopia
A dystopia (from, "bad, ill", and, "place, landscape"; alternatively cacotopia, or anti-utopia) is, in literature, an often futuristic society that has degraded into a repressive and...
A dystopia (from, "bad, ill", and, "place, landscape"; alternatively cacotopia, or anti-utopia) is, in literature, an often futuristic society that has degraded into a repressive and...
Dérive
In psychogeography, a dérive is an unplanned journey through a landscape, usually urban, where an individual travels where the subtle aesthetic contours of the surrounding architecture and geogr...
In psychogeography, a dérive is an unplanned journey through a landscape, usually urban, where an individual travels where the subtle aesthetic contours of the surrounding architecture and geogr...
Empowered democracy
Empowered democracy is an alternative form of social-democratic arrangements developed by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
Empowered democracy is an alternative form of social-democratic arrangements developed by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
Enlightened self-interest
Enlightened self-interest is a philosophy in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others (or the interests of the group or groups to which they belong), ultimatel...
Enlightened self-interest is a philosophy in ethics which states that persons who act to further the interests of others (or the interests of the group or groups to which they belong), ultimatel...
Ernst Bloch
Ernst Bloch (, July 8, 1885 – August 4, 1977) was a German Marxist philosopher.
Ernst Bloch (, July 8, 1885 – August 4, 1977) was a German Marxist philosopher.
Essentially contested concept
In a paper delivered to the Aristotelian Society on 12 March 1956, Walter Bryce Gallie introduced the term essentially contested concept to facilitate an understanding of the different applicati...
In a paper delivered to the Aristotelian Society on 12 March 1956, Walter Bryce Gallie introduced the term essentially contested concept to facilitate an understanding of the different applicati...
Ethics
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
Euclid network
Euclid Network is a European network of civil society leaders, which was launched in Paris in March 2007 as a result of a joint initiative by three civil society umbrella bodies across Europe; A...
Euclid Network is a European network of civil society leaders, which was launched in Paris in March 2007 as a result of a joint initiative by three civil society umbrella bodies across Europe; A...
Externalization
Externalization means to put something outside of its original borders, especially to put a human function outside of the human body.
Externalization means to put something outside of its original borders, especially to put a human function outside of the human body.
False necessity
False necessity, or "anti-necessitarian social theory," is a contemporary social theory that champions of the plasticity of society and the unlimited potential for transformation.
False necessity, or "anti-necessitarian social theory," is a contemporary social theory that champions of the plasticity of society and the unlimited potential for transformation.
Fatalism
Fatalism is a philosophical doctrine emphasizing the subjugation of all events or actions to fate.
Fatalism is a philosophical doctrine emphasizing the subjugation of all events or actions to fate.
Feliks Koneczny
Feliks Karol Koneczny (November 1, 1862, Kraków – February 10, 1949 Kraków) was a Polish historian and social philosopher.
Feliks Karol Koneczny (November 1, 1862, Kraków – February 10, 1949 Kraków) was a Polish historian and social philosopher.
Feminist ethics
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorising has under-valued and/or under-appreciated women's moral experience and it therefore choos...
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorising has under-valued and/or under-appreciated women's moral experience and it therefore choos...
Filipino values
The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of Filipino people have historically held important in their lives.
The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of Filipino people have historically held important in their lives.
Folkhemmet
Folkhemmet (the people's home) is a political concept that played an important role in the history of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish welfare state.
Folkhemmet (the people's home) is a political concept that played an important role in the history of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish welfare state.
Formative context
Formative contexts are the institutional and imaginative arrangements that shape a society's conflicts and resolutions.
Formative contexts are the institutional and imaginative arrangements that shape a society's conflicts and resolutions.
Frankfurt School
The Frankfurt School (Frankfurter Schule) refers to a school of neo-Marxist interdisciplinary social theory, particularly associated with the Institute for Social Research at the University of F...
The Frankfurt School (Frankfurter Schule) refers to a school of neo-Marxist interdisciplinary social theory, particularly associated with the Institute for Social Research at the University of F...
Freedom of contract
Freedom of contract is the freedom of individuals and corporations to form contracts without government restrictions.
Freedom of contract is the freedom of individuals and corporations to form contracts without government restrictions.
Gad Barzilai
Gad Barzilai (born 1958) is a scholar of political science and law, famous for his work on the politics of law, human rights and communities.
Gad Barzilai (born 1958) is a scholar of political science and law, famous for his work on the politics of law, human rights and communities.
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft are sociological categories introduced by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies for two normal types of human association.
Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft are sociological categories introduced by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies for two normal types of human association.
Gender studies
Gender studies is a field of interdisciplinary study and academic field devoted to gender identity and gendered representation as central categories of analysis.
Gender studies is a field of interdisciplinary study and academic field devoted to gender identity and gendered representation as central categories of analysis.
Generosity
Generosity is the habit of giving freely without expecting anything in return.
Generosity is the habit of giving freely without expecting anything in return.
George Ohsawa
George Ohsawa, born Yukikazu Sakurazawa, was the founder of the Macrobiotic diet and philosophy.
George Ohsawa, born Yukikazu Sakurazawa, was the founder of the Macrobiotic diet and philosophy.
Georges Bataille
Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille was a French intellectual and literary figure working in literature, anthropology, philosophy, economy, sociology and history of art.
Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille was a French intellectual and literary figure working in literature, anthropology, philosophy, economy, sociology and history of art.
Giambattista Vico
Giovanni Battista Giambattista Vico Vico or Vigo was an Italian political philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist.
Giovanni Battista Giambattista Vico Vico or Vigo was an Italian political philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist.
Gianfranco Sanguinetti
Gianfranco Sanguinetti was a writer and member of the Situationist International (SI), a political art movement.
Gianfranco Sanguinetti was a writer and member of the Situationist International (SI), a political art movement.
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze, was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.
Gilles Deleuze, was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.
Green liberalism
Green liberalism is a term used to refer to liberals who have incorporated green concerns into their ideology.
Green liberalism is a term used to refer to liberals who have incorporated green concerns into their ideology.
Green syndicalism
Green syndicalism or eco-syndicalism has been used as a name for the philosophy of the green guild or sustainable trades movement.
Green syndicalism or eco-syndicalism has been used as a name for the philosophy of the green guild or sustainable trades movement.
Grotesque body
The grotesque body is a concept, or literary trope, put forward by Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin in his study of François Rabelais' work.
The grotesque body is a concept, or literary trope, put forward by Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin in his study of François Rabelais' work.
Guy Debord
Guy Ernest Debord was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International.
Guy Ernest Debord was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, member of the Letterist International, founder of a Letterist faction, and founding member of the Situationist International.
Henri Lefebvre
Henri Lefebvre was a French sociologist, Marxist intellectual, and philosopher, best known for his work on dialectics, Marxism, everyday life, cities, and space.
Henri Lefebvre was a French sociologist, Marxist intellectual, and philosopher, best known for his work on dialectics, Marxism, everyday life, cities, and space.
Henry Pachter
Henry Maximillian Pachter (1907–1980), born Heinz Pächter, was a German-American twentieth century scholar of socialism and political history, employed as a professor of history at t...
Henry Maximillian Pachter (1907–1980), born Heinz Pächter, was a German-American twentieth century scholar of socialism and political history, employed as a professor of history at t...
Hermeneutics
In religious studies and social philosophy, hermeneutics is the study of the theory and practice of interpretation.
In religious studies and social philosophy, hermeneutics is the study of the theory and practice of interpretation.
Historicism
Historicism is a mode of thinking that assigns a central and basic significance to a specific context, such as historical period, geographical place and local culture.
Historicism is a mode of thinking that assigns a central and basic significance to a specific context, such as historical period, geographical place and local culture.
Homo consumericus
Homo consumericus (mock Latin for consumerist person) is a neologism used in the social sciences, specially by Gad Saad in his book The Evolutionary Bases of Consumption.
Homo consumericus (mock Latin for consumerist person) is a neologism used in the social sciences, specially by Gad Saad in his book The Evolutionary Bases of Consumption.
Identity formation
Identity formation is the development of the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life in which individual characteristics are possessed...
Identity formation is the development of the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life in which individual characteristics are possessed...
Identity Formation, Agency, and Culture
Identity Formation, Agency, and Culture: A Social Psychological Synthesis is a textbook by Charles G. Levine and James E. Cote.
Identity Formation, Agency, and Culture: A Social Psychological Synthesis is a textbook by Charles G. Levine and James E. Cote.
Institute for Social Research
The Institute for Social Research (German: Institut für Sozialforschung) is a research organization for sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of th...
The Institute for Social Research (German: Institut für Sozialforschung) is a research organization for sociology and continental philosophy, best known as the institutional home of th...
Institutional cruelty
Institutional Cruelty is a model developed by Philip Hallie, who believes ethics are rooted in passion and common sense rather than in technical science.
Institutional Cruelty is a model developed by Philip Hallie, who believes ethics are rooted in passion and common sense rather than in technical science.
Instrumental rationality
Two views of instrumental rationality can be discerned in modern philosophy: one view comes from social philosophy, sociology and critical theory, whereas another comes from natural philosophy.
Two views of instrumental rationality can be discerned in modern philosophy: one view comes from social philosophy, sociology and critical theory, whereas another comes from natural philosophy.
Interculturalism
Interculturalism is the philosophy of exchanges between cultural groups within a society, as used by nationalists of the Canadian province of Quebec.
Interculturalism is the philosophy of exchanges between cultural groups within a society, as used by nationalists of the Canadian province of Quebec.
Interdependence
Interdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually dependent on the others.
Interdependence is a relationship in which each member is mutually dependent on the others.
Internalization
Internalization has different definitions depending on the field that the term is used in.
Internalization has different definitions depending on the field that the term is used in.
International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy
International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (founded in 1909), known as IVR from its initials in German, is a learned society.
International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (founded in 1909), known as IVR from its initials in German, is a learned society.
International Eugenics Conference
Three International Eugenics Congresses took place between 1912 and 1932 and were the global venue for scientists, politicians, and social leaders to plan and discuss the application of programs...
Three International Eugenics Congresses took place between 1912 and 1932 and were the global venue for scientists, politicians, and social leaders to plan and discuss the application of programs...
Invisible hand
In economics, invisible hand or invisible hand of the market is the term economists use to describe the self-regulating nature of the marketplace.
In economics, invisible hand or invisible hand of the market is the term economists use to describe the self-regulating nature of the marketplace.
Involuntary Narrative
An involuntary narrative occurs as a personal reading of symbolic content transmitted by media-saturated environments.
An involuntary narrative occurs as a personal reading of symbolic content transmitted by media-saturated environments.
Ivan Chtcheglov
Ivan Vladimirovitch Chtcheglov, (Russian: Ива́н Влади́мирович Щегло́в) (16 January 1933–April 21 1998) was a French political theorist, activist and poet, born in Paris to Ukrainian father...
Ivan Vladimirovitch Chtcheglov, (Russian: Ива́н Влади́мирович Щегло́в) (16 January 1933–April 21 1998) was a French political theorist, activist and poet, born in Paris to Ukrainian father...
James Brusseau
James Brusseau is a philosopher specializing in contemporary Continental Philosophy.
James Brusseau is a philosopher specializing in contemporary Continental Philosophy.
Jean-François Lyotard
Jean-François Lyotard (; 10 August 1924– 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher and literary theorist.
Jean-François Lyotard (; 10 August 1924– 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher and literary theorist.
Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham was an English author, jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer.
Jeremy Bentham was an English author, jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer.
John Burnheim
John Burnheim is a former professor of General Philosophy at the University of Sydney, Australia.
John Burnheim is a former professor of General Philosophy at the University of Sydney, Australia.
Joseph de Torre
Joseph de Torre (born 1932) is a social and political philosopher and a Roman Catholic priest.
Joseph de Torre (born 1932) is a social and political philosopher and a Roman Catholic priest.
Julian Gumperz
Julian Gumperz (May 12, 1898 – February 1972, Gaylordsville, Connecticut) was a United States-born German sociologist, communist activist, publicist, and translator.
Julian Gumperz (May 12, 1898 – February 1972, Gaylordsville, Connecticut) was a United States-born German sociologist, communist activist, publicist, and translator.
Julien Offray de La Mettrie
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (November 23, 1709 – November 11, 1751) was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment.
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (November 23, 1709 – November 11, 1751) was a French physician and philosopher, and one of the earliest of the French materialists of the Enlightenment.
Jürgen Habermas
Jürgen Habermas is a German sociologist, geographer and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.
Jürgen Habermas is a German sociologist, geographer and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory and pragmatism.
Karl-Otto Apel
Karl-Otto Apel (born March 15, 1922 in Düsseldorf) is a German philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Frankfurt am Main.
Karl-Otto Apel (born March 15, 1922 in Düsseldorf) is a German philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Frankfurt am Main.
Lament
A lament or lamentation is a song, poem, or piece of music expressing grief, regret, or mourning.
A lament or lamentation is a song, poem, or piece of music expressing grief, regret, or mourning.
Liberal eugenics
Liberal eugenics is an ideology which advocates the use of reproductive and genetic technologies where the choice of enhancing human characteristics and capacities is left to the individual pre...
Liberal eugenics is an ideology which advocates the use of reproductive and genetic technologies where the choice of enhancing human characteristics and capacities is left to the individual pre...
Liberal neutrality
Liberal neutrality is the idea that the liberal state should not promote any particular 'conception of the good'.
Liberal neutrality is the idea that the liberal state should not promote any particular 'conception of the good'.
Literary criticism
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
Localism (politics)
Localism describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local.
Localism describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local.
Ludwig von Mises
Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises was a philosopher, Austrian School economist, and classical liberal.
Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises was a philosopher, Austrian School economist, and classical liberal.
Mandeville's paradox
Mandeville's paradox is named after Bernard Mandeville, who shows that actions which may be qualified as vicious with regard to individuals have benefits for society as a whole.
Mandeville's paradox is named after Bernard Mandeville, who shows that actions which may be qualified as vicious with regard to individuals have benefits for society as a whole.
Marginalization
In sociology, marginalisation, or marginalization, is the social process of becoming or being relegated to the fringe of society e.g.; "the marginalization of the underclass", "marginalisa...
In sociology, marginalisation, or marginalization, is the social process of becoming or being relegated to the fringe of society e.g.; "the marginalization of the underclass", "marginalisa...
Marxist philosophy
Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are terms that cover work in philosophy that is strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory or that is written by Marxists.
Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are terms that cover work in philosophy that is strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory or that is written by Marxists.
Max Adler (Marxist)
Max Adler was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism.
Max Adler was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism.
Max Horkheimer
Max Horkheimer was a German-Jewish philosopher-sociologist, famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research.
Max Horkheimer was a German-Jewish philosopher-sociologist, famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research.
Media accountability
Media accountability is a phrase that refers to the general (especially western) belief that mass media has to be accountable in the public’s interest - that is, they are expected to behave in c...
Media accountability is a phrase that refers to the general (especially western) belief that mass media has to be accountable in the public’s interest - that is, they are expected to behave in c...
Media transparency
Media transparency is the concept of determining how and why information is conveyed through various means.
Media transparency is the concept of determining how and why information is conveyed through various means.
Mediocracy
Mediocracy is a situation in the society in which mediocre people prevail.
Mediocracy is a situation in the society in which mediocre people prevail.
Meritocracy
Meritocracy, in the first, most administrative sense, is a system of government or other administration wherein appointments and responsibilities are objectively assigned to individuals based up...
Meritocracy, in the first, most administrative sense, is a system of government or other administration wherein appointments and responsibilities are objectively assigned to individuals based up...
Michael Davis (philosopher)
Michael Davis (born 6 February 1943 in Canton, Ohio) is a philosopher of law, ethics, and political philosophy, author, and Professor of Philosophy at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and S...
Michael Davis (born 6 February 1943 in Canton, Ohio) is a philosopher of law, ethics, and political philosophy, author, and Professor of Philosophy at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and S...
Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault, born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas.
Michel Foucault, born Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), was a French philosopher, social theorist and historian of ideas.
Michèle Pujol
Dr. Michèle Pujol, born in Madaoua, Niger, was a French intellectual, feminist, economist, scholar and human rights activist who lived in British Columbia, Canada.
Dr. Michèle Pujol, born in Madaoua, Niger, was a French intellectual, feminist, economist, scholar and human rights activist who lived in British Columbia, Canada.
Mihailo Marković
Mihailo Marković, PhD (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Марковић) (24 February 1923 – 7 February 2010) was a Serbian philosopher.
Mihailo Marković, PhD (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Марковић) (24 February 1923 – 7 February 2010) was a Serbian philosopher.
Milan Kangrga
Milan Kangrga was a Croatian and Yugoslav philosopher who was one of the leading thinkers in the Praxis school of thought which originated in the 1960s in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugos...
Milan Kangrga was a Croatian and Yugoslav philosopher who was one of the leading thinkers in the Praxis school of thought which originated in the 1960s in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugos...
Moral relativism
Moral relativism may be any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures.
Moral relativism may be any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures.
Moral responsibility
Moral responsibility usually refers to the idea that a person has moral obligations in certain situations.
Moral responsibility usually refers to the idea that a person has moral obligations in certain situations.
Moral syncretism
Moral syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory moral beliefs, often while melding the ethical practices of various schools of thought.
Moral syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory moral beliefs, often while melding the ethical practices of various schools of thought.
Mottainai
Mottainai is a Japanese term meaning "a sense of regret concerning waste when the intrinsic value of an object or resource is not properly utilized".
Mottainai is a Japanese term meaning "a sense of regret concerning waste when the intrinsic value of an object or resource is not properly utilized".
Musical historicism
Musical historicism signifies the use of historical materials, structures, styles, techniques, media, conceptual content, etc., whether by a single composer or those associated with a particular...
Musical historicism signifies the use of historical materials, structures, styles, techniques, media, conceptual content, etc., whether by a single composer or those associated with a particular...
National Tropospherics Commission
The National Tropospherics Commission (NTC) was founded in Dundee, Scotland in 2011.
The National Tropospherics Commission (NTC) was founded in Dundee, Scotland in 2011.
Negative capability
Negative capability is the state of creative opposition that enables one to transcend any intellectual or social constraints.
Negative capability is the state of creative opposition that enables one to transcend any intellectual or social constraints.
Neo-Capitalism
Neo-Capitalism is an economic ideology which blends some elements of capitalism with other systems.
Neo-Capitalism is an economic ideology which blends some elements of capitalism with other systems.
Neofunctionalism (sociology)
Neofunctionalism is the perspective that all integration is the result of past integration.
Neofunctionalism is the perspective that all integration is the result of past integration.
Nonprofit studies
Nonprofit studies is a multidisciplinary field of teaching and research that focuses on practices of the nonprofit sector.
Nonprofit studies is a multidisciplinary field of teaching and research that focuses on practices of the nonprofit sector.
Norm (social)
Social norms are described by sociologist as being laws that govern society’s behaviors.
Social norms are described by sociologist as being laws that govern society’s behaviors.
Norm (sociology)
Social norms are the not accepted behaviors within a society or group.
Social norms are the not accepted behaviors within a society or group.
Normlessness
Émile Durkheim described anomie which is a state of relative normlessness or a state in which norms have been eroded.
Émile Durkheim described anomie which is a state of relative normlessness or a state in which norms have been eroded.
North American Society for Social Philosophy
The North American Society for Social Philosophy is a non-profit learned society whose mission is to facilitate discussion between social philosophers on all topics of interest.
The North American Society for Social Philosophy is a non-profit learned society whose mission is to facilitate discussion between social philosophers on all topics of interest.
Open society
The open society is a concept originally developed by philosopher Henri Bergson and then by Austrian and British philosopher Karl Popper.
The open society is a concept originally developed by philosopher Henri Bergson and then by Austrian and British philosopher Karl Popper.
Otto Kirchheimer
Otto Kirchheimer (11 November 1905 in Heilbronn – 22 November 1965 in New York City) was a German jurist of Jewish ancestry and political scientist of the Frankfurt School whose work essen...
Otto Kirchheimer (11 November 1905 in Heilbronn – 22 November 1965 in New York City) was a German jurist of Jewish ancestry and political scientist of the Frankfurt School whose work essen...
Owenism
Owenism is a term used to represent the Utopian socialist philosophy of Welshman Robert Owen, a social reformer in the beginning of the 19th century, and derivations thereof.
Owenism is a term used to represent the Utopian socialist philosophy of Welshman Robert Owen, a social reformer in the beginning of the 19th century, and derivations thereof.
Paleoconservatism
Paleoconservatism is a term for a conservative political philosophy found primarily in the United States stressing tradition, limited government, civil society, anti-colonialism, anti-corporatis...
Paleoconservatism is a term for a conservative political philosophy found primarily in the United States stressing tradition, limited government, civil society, anti-colonialism, anti-corporatis...
Paralanguage
Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion.
Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion.
Paul Virilio
Paul Virilio is a cultural theorist and urbanist.
Paul Virilio is a cultural theorist and urbanist.
Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women
The Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women at Brown University was established in Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, as an interdisciplinary research center on gender and ...
The Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women at Brown University was established in Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, as an interdisciplinary research center on gender and ...
Perspectives on capitalism
Throughout modern history, a variety of influential perspectives on capitalism have shaped modern economic thought.
Throughout modern history, a variety of influential perspectives on capitalism have shaped modern economic thought.
Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology is the study of the structure of experience.
Phenomenology is the study of the structure of experience.
Philanthropreneur
A Philanthropreneur is an entrepreneurial philanthropist.
A Philanthropreneur is an entrepreneurial philanthropist.
Philosophy and economics
Philosophy and economics (also philosophy of economics) may refer to the branch of philosophy that studies issues relating to economics or, alternatively, to the branch of economics that s...
Philosophy and economics (also philosophy of economics) may refer to the branch of philosophy that studies issues relating to economics or, alternatively, to the branch of economics that s...
Philosophy of culture
Philosophy of culture is a branch of philosophy that examines the essence and meaning of culture.
Philosophy of culture is a branch of philosophy that examines the essence and meaning of culture.
Philosophy of healthcare
The philosophy of healthcare is the study of the ethics, processes, and people which constitute the maintenance of health for human beings.
The philosophy of healthcare is the study of the ethics, processes, and people which constitute the maintenance of health for human beings.
Philosophy of history
The term philosophy of history refers to the theoretical aspect of history, in two senses.
The term philosophy of history refers to the theoretical aspect of history, in two senses.
Philosophy of law
Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law.
Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law.
Philosophy of love
Philosophy of love is the field of social philosophy and ethics which attempts to explain the nature of love.
Philosophy of love is the field of social philosophy and ethics which attempts to explain the nature of love.
Philosophy of self
The philosophy of self is the defining of the essential qualities that make a person distinct from all others.
The philosophy of self is the defining of the essential qualities that make a person distinct from all others.
Philosophy of social science
The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic and method of the social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology and political science.
The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic and method of the social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology and political science.
Pierre-André Taguieff
Pierre-André Taguieff (born August 4, 1946 in Paris, France) is a philosopher and director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research in an Institut d'Etudes Politiques ...
Pierre-André Taguieff (born August 4, 1946 in Paris, France) is a philosopher and director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research in an Institut d'Etudes Politiques ...
Pirate haven
Pirate havens are ports or harbors that were or are considered a safe place or refuge for pirates where an inability or lack of desire by the regional government to enforce maritime laws creates...
Pirate havens are ports or harbors that were or are considered a safe place or refuge for pirates where an inability or lack of desire by the regional government to enforce maritime laws creates...
Pirate utopia
Pirate utopias were described by controversial anarchist writer Hakim Bey in his 1995 book Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European Renegadoes, and in his earlier TAZ - The Temporary Au...
Pirate utopias were described by controversial anarchist writer Hakim Bey in his 1995 book Pirate Utopias: Moorish Corsairs & European Renegadoes, and in his earlier TAZ - The Temporary Au...
Plutocracy
Plutocracy is rule by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth.
Plutocracy is rule by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth.
Political engineering
Political engineering is a concept in political science that deals with the designing of political institutions in a society and often involves the use of paper decrees, in the form of laws, ref...
Political engineering is a concept in political science that deals with the designing of political institutions in a society and often involves the use of paper decrees, in the form of laws, ref...
Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central philosophy in Western history and political thought, and one of the most important (real or ideal) features ...
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central philosophy in Western history and political thought, and one of the most important (real or ideal) features ...
Political myth
A political myth is an ideological explanation for a political phenomenon that is believed by a social group.
A political myth is an ideological explanation for a political phenomenon that is believed by a social group.
Political philosophy
Political philosophy is the study of such topics as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why they are needed, what,...
Political philosophy is the study of such topics as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why they are needed, what,...
Political structure
Political structure is a term frequently used in political science.
Political structure is a term frequently used in political science.
Positivism dispute
Positivismusstreit is the German word for debate about positivism and refers to a well known philosophical dispute between Critical rationalism (Karl Popper, Hans Albert) and the Frankfurt...
Positivismusstreit is the German word for debate about positivism and refers to a well known philosophical dispute between Critical rationalism (Karl Popper, Hans Albert) and the Frankfurt...
Post-consumerism
The concept of post-materialism is a tool in developing an understanding of modern culture.
The concept of post-materialism is a tool in developing an understanding of modern culture.
Post-industrial society
Post-industrial society is a concept in economics describing when the service sector produces more wealth than the industrial or manufacturing sector in some countries.
Post-industrial society is a concept in economics describing when the service sector produces more wealth than the industrial or manufacturing sector in some countries.
Postgenderism
Postgenderism is a diverse social, political and cultural movement whose adherents affirm the voluntary elimination of gender in the human species through the application of advanced biotechnolo...
Postgenderism is a diverse social, political and cultural movement whose adherents affirm the voluntary elimination of gender in the human species through the application of advanced biotechnolo...
Postmodern social construction of nature
The postmodern social construction of nature is a theorem or speculation of postmodernist continental philosophy that poses an alternative critique of previous mainstream, promethean dialogue ab...
The postmodern social construction of nature is a theorem or speculation of postmodernist continental philosophy that poses an alternative critique of previous mainstream, promethean dialogue ab...
Potter Box
The Potter Box is a model for making ethical decisions, developed by Ralph B. Potter, Jr., professor of social ethics emeritus of Harvard Divinity School.
The Potter Box is a model for making ethical decisions, developed by Ralph B. Potter, Jr., professor of social ethics emeritus of Harvard Divinity School.
Praxis School
The Praxis school was a Marxist humanist philosophical movement.
The Praxis school was a Marxist humanist philosophical movement.
Present age
The term "present age" is an important concept in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard.
The term "present age" is an important concept in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard.
Private sphere
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere.
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere.
Privilege (social inequality)
Privilege is a way of framing issues surrounding social inequality, focusing as much on the advantages that one group accrues from society as on the disadvantages that another group experiences.
Privilege is a way of framing issues surrounding social inequality, focusing as much on the advantages that one group accrues from society as on the disadvantages that another group experiences.
Procreative beneficence
Procreative beneficence is the moral obligation of parents to have the healthiest children through all natural and artificial means available.
Procreative beneficence is the moral obligation of parents to have the healthiest children through all natural and artificial means available.
Production for use
Production for use is a defining criterion of a socialist economy and distinguishes socialism from capitalism.
Production for use is a defining criterion of a socialist economy and distinguishes socialism from capitalism.
Projects Abroad
Projects Abroad (formerly Teaching & Projects Abroad) is a profit UK company that arranges volunteer placements in 24 countries worldwide.
Projects Abroad (formerly Teaching & Projects Abroad) is a profit UK company that arranges volunteer placements in 24 countries worldwide.
Psychogeography
Psychogeography was defined in 1955 by Guy Debord as "the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavi...
Psychogeography was defined in 1955 by Guy Debord as "the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behavi...
Punishment
Punishment is the authoritative imposition of something negative or unpleasant on a person or animal in response to behavior deemed wrong by an individual or group.
Punishment is the authoritative imposition of something negative or unpleasant on a person or animal in response to behavior deemed wrong by an individual or group.
Purpose
Purpose is a result, end, mean, aim, or goal of an action intentionally undertaken, or of an object being brought into use or existence, whether or not the purpose was a primary or secondary effect.
Purpose is a result, end, mean, aim, or goal of an action intentionally undertaken, or of an object being brought into use or existence, whether or not the purpose was a primary or secondary effect.
Radical compassion
Radical compassion is a term coined by the philosopher Khen Lampert, in 2003.
Radical compassion is a term coined by the philosopher Khen Lampert, in 2003.
Rainer Forst
Rainer Forst is a German philosopher and political theorist, and was named the "most important political philosopher of his generation" in 2012, when he won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.
Rainer Forst is a German philosopher and political theorist, and was named the "most important political philosopher of his generation" in 2012, when he won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.
Ralstonism
Ralstonism was a minor social movement in 19th century USA. It claimed about 800,000 followers.
Ralstonism was a minor social movement in 19th century USA. It claimed about 800,000 followers.
Rational choice theory
Rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior.
Rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior.
Rational consensus
Rational consensus has been proposed as best practice for group decision making, across several academic disciplines, since the early 1980s.
Rational consensus has been proposed as best practice for group decision making, across several academic disciplines, since the early 1980s.
Rectification of names
The Rectification of Names is the Confucian doctrine that to know and use the proper designations of things in the web of relationships that creates meaning, a community, and then behaving accor...
The Rectification of Names is the Confucian doctrine that to know and use the proper designations of things in the web of relationships that creates meaning, a community, and then behaving accor...
Reflective disclosure
Reflective disclosure is a term coined by philosopher Nikolas Kompridis.
Reflective disclosure is a term coined by philosopher Nikolas Kompridis.
Richard Gregg (social philosopher)
Richard Bartlett Gregg (1885-1974) was an American social philosopher said to be "the first American to develop a substantial theory of nonviolent resistance" and an influence on the thinking of...
Richard Bartlett Gregg (1885-1974) was an American social philosopher said to be "the first American to develop a substantial theory of nonviolent resistance" and an influence on the thinking of...
Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to som...
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to som...
Rights Ethics
The rights ethics is a protest towards absolutist ethics.
The rights ethics is a protest towards absolutist ethics.
Rights of Englishmen
The rights of Englishmen are the perceived traditional rights of British subjects.
The rights of Englishmen are the perceived traditional rights of British subjects.
Risk society
"Risk society" is a term that emerged during the 1990s to describe the manner in which modern society organises in response to risk.
"Risk society" is a term that emerged during the 1990s to describe the manner in which modern society organises in response to risk.
Rudolf Burger (philosopher)
Rudolf Burger (* December 8, 1938 in Vienna) is an Austrian philosopher.
Rudolf Burger (* December 8, 1938 in Vienna) is an Austrian philosopher.
Ruin Academy
Ruin Academy (born 2010) is an independent cross-over architectural research center in the Urban Core area of Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ruin Academy (born 2010) is an independent cross-over architectural research center in the Urban Core area of Taipei City, Taiwan.
Scandinavian activity theory
Scandinavian activity theory is a derivation of Soviet Activity theory, a psychological meta-theory, paradigm, or framework, with its roots in the Soviet psychologist Vygotsky's cultural-histori...
Scandinavian activity theory is a derivation of Soviet Activity theory, a psychological meta-theory, paradigm, or framework, with its roots in the Soviet psychologist Vygotsky's cultural-histori...
Semantics
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Semantics is the study of meaning.
Shakers
The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, known as the Shakers, is a religious sect originally thought to be a development of the Religious Society of Friends.
The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, known as the Shakers, is a religious sect originally thought to be a development of the Religious Society of Friends.
Significant other
Significant other (or SO) is colloquially used as a gender-blind term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, rela...
Significant other (or SO) is colloquially used as a gender-blind term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, rela...
Situationist International
The Situationist International was an internationalist European revolutionary group with very restricted membership founded in 1957, and which reached its peak of influence in the general strike...
The Situationist International was an internationalist European revolutionary group with very restricted membership founded in 1957, and which reached its peak of influence in the general strike...
Social alienation
Alienation refers to estrangement, division, or distancing of people from each other, or of people from what is important or meaningful to them, or of a person from their own sense of self.
Alienation refers to estrangement, division, or distancing of people from each other, or of people from what is important or meaningful to them, or of a person from their own sense of self.
Social capitalism
Social capitalism (Socio-capitalism), as a theory or political or philosophical stance, challenges the idea that the goals of socialism and the existing system of capitalism are inherently antag...
Social capitalism (Socio-capitalism), as a theory or political or philosophical stance, challenges the idea that the goals of socialism and the existing system of capitalism are inherently antag...
Social Choice and Individual Values
Kenneth Arrow's monograph Social Choice and Individual Values and a theorem within it created modern social choice theory, a rigorous melding of social ethics and voting theory with an econ...
Kenneth Arrow's monograph Social Choice and Individual Values and a theorem within it created modern social choice theory, a rigorous melding of social ethics and voting theory with an econ...
Social cognition
Social cognition is the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, in the brain, of information relating to conspecifics, or members of the same species.
Social cognition is the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, in the brain, of information relating to conspecifics, or members of the same species.
Social conservatism
Social conservatism is a political ideology that focuses on the preservation of what are seen as traditional values.
Social conservatism is a political ideology that focuses on the preservation of what are seen as traditional values.
Social conservatism in the United States
Social conservatism in the United States is generally defined by promotion of traditional social norms and values.
Social conservatism in the United States is generally defined by promotion of traditional social norms and values.
Social determinism
Social determinism is the hypothesis that social interactions and constructs alone determine individual behavior.
Social determinism is the hypothesis that social interactions and constructs alone determine individual behavior.
Social engineering (political science)
Social engineering is a discipline in political science that refers to efforts to influence popular attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, whether by governments or private groups.
Social engineering is a discipline in political science that refers to efforts to influence popular attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, whether by governments or private groups.
Social epistemology
Social epistemology is a broad set of approaches to the study of knowledge, all of which construe human knowledge as a collective achievement.
Social epistemology is a broad set of approaches to the study of knowledge, all of which construe human knowledge as a collective achievement.
Social exclusion
Social exclusion is a concept used in many parts of the world to characterise contemporary forms of social disadvantage.
Social exclusion is a concept used in many parts of the world to characterise contemporary forms of social disadvantage.
Social interventionism
Social interventionism is an action which involves the intervention of a government or an organization in social affairs.
Social interventionism is an action which involves the intervention of a government or an organization in social affairs.
Social phenomenon
Social phenomena include all behavior which influences or is influenced by organisms sufficiently alive to respond to one another.
Social phenomena include all behavior which influences or is influenced by organisms sufficiently alive to respond to one another.
Social philosophy
Social philosophy is the philosophical study of questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
Social philosophy is the philosophical study of questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
Social progress
Social progress is the idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political, and economic structures.
Social progress is the idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political, and economic structures.
Social psychology (sociology)
Social psychology (sociology), known as sociological social psychology, and sometimes as psychological sociology, is an area of sociology that focuses on social actions and on interr...
Social psychology (sociology), known as sociological social psychology, and sometimes as psychological sociology, is an area of sociology that focuses on social actions and on interr...
Social reality
Social reality is distinct from biological reality or individual cognitive reality, representing as it does a phenomenological level created through through social interaction and transcending t...
Social reality is distinct from biological reality or individual cognitive reality, representing as it does a phenomenological level created through through social interaction and transcending t...
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general.
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general.
Societal attitudes towards abortion
Societal attitudes towards abortion have varied throughout different historical periods and cultures.
Societal attitudes towards abortion have varied throughout different historical periods and cultures.
Sociological imagination
The term sociological imagination was coined by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959, to describe the type of insight offered by the discipline of sociology.
The term sociological imagination was coined by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959, to describe the type of insight offered by the discipline of sociology.
Soft paternalism
The term Libertarian paternalism was coined by behavioral economist Richard Thaler and legal scholar Cass Sunstein in a 2003 article in the American Economic Review.
The term Libertarian paternalism was coined by behavioral economist Richard Thaler and legal scholar Cass Sunstein in a 2003 article in the American Economic Review.
Spectacle (critical theory)
The spectacle is a central notion in the Situationist theory developed by Guy Debord.
The spectacle is a central notion in the Situationist theory developed by Guy Debord.
Statolatry
Statolatry, which combines idolatry with the state, first appeared in Giovanni Gentile's Doctrine of Fascism, published in 1931 under Mussolini's name.
Statolatry, which combines idolatry with the state, first appeared in Giovanni Gentile's Doctrine of Fascism, published in 1931 under Mussolini's name.
Stephen Bronner
Stephen Eric Bronner (born 19 August 1949) is a noted political philosopher and Professor (II) of Political Science, Comparative Literature, and German Studies at Rutgers University in New Brun...
Stephen Eric Bronner (born 19 August 1949) is a noted political philosopher and Professor (II) of Political Science, Comparative Literature, and German Studies at Rutgers University in New Brun...
Subjective expected utility
Subjective expected utility is a method in decision theory in the presence of risk, promoted by L. J. Savage in 1954 following previous work by Ramsey and von Neumann.
Subjective expected utility is a method in decision theory in the presence of risk, promoted by L. J. Savage in 1954 following previous work by Ramsey and von Neumann.
Sultanism
Sultanism, another name for Despotism, is a form of authoritarian government characterized by the extreme personal presence of the ruler in all elements of governance.
Sultanism, another name for Despotism, is a form of authoritarian government characterized by the extreme personal presence of the ruler in all elements of governance.
Systematic ideology
Systematic ideology is a study of ideologies founded in the late 1930s in and around London, England by Harold Walsby, George Walford and others.
Systematic ideology is a study of ideologies founded in the late 1930s in and around London, England by Harold Walsby, George Walford and others.
Tabula rasa
Tabula rasa is the epistemological theory that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that their knowledge comes from experience and perception.
Tabula rasa is the epistemological theory that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that their knowledge comes from experience and perception.
The Golden Rule
The Golden Rule or ethic of reciprocity is a maxim, ethical code, or morality Walter Terence Stace argued that the Golden Rule is much more than simply an ethical code.
The Golden Rule or ethic of reciprocity is a maxim, ethical code, or morality Walter Terence Stace argued that the Golden Rule is much more than simply an ethical code.
The Question Concerning Technology
In The Question Concerning Technology (Die Frage nach der Technik), Heidegger sustains this inquiry, but turns to the particular phenomenon of technology, seeking to derive the essence...
In The Question Concerning Technology (Die Frage nach der Technik), Heidegger sustains this inquiry, but turns to the particular phenomenon of technology, seeking to derive the essence...
The Values Exchange All Schools Project
The Values Exchange All Schools Project is a free website which aims to involve every school in the world in careful, shared debate about issues that matter most to young people, to help explore...
The Values Exchange All Schools Project is a free website which aims to involve every school in the world in careful, shared debate about issues that matter most to young people, to help explore...
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" (Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit; originally published in Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung) is a 1936 ...
"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction" (Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit; originally published in Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung) is a 1936 ...
Theory of criminal justice
The theory of criminal justice is the branch of philosophy of law that deals with criminal justice and in particular punishment.
The theory of criminal justice is the branch of philosophy of law that deals with criminal justice and in particular punishment.
Threat of force (public international law)
Threat of force in public international law is a situation between states described by British lawyer Ian Brownlie as: :an express or implied promise by a government of a resort to force conditi...
Threat of force in public international law is a situation between states described by British lawyer Ian Brownlie as: :an express or implied promise by a government of a resort to force conditi...
Three Principles of the People
The Three Principles of the People, also translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a ph...
The Three Principles of the People, also translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a ph...
Three sided football
Three-sided football is a variation of association football with three teams instead of the usual two.
Three-sided football is a variation of association football with three teams instead of the usual two.
Total institution
A total institution is place of work and residence where a great number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formall...
A total institution is place of work and residence where a great number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formall...
Tradition
A tradition is a ritual, belief or object passed down within a society, still maintained in the present, with origins in the past.
A tradition is a ritual, belief or object passed down within a society, still maintained in the present, with origins in the past.
Unity of opposites
The unity of opposites was first suggested by Heraclitus a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
The unity of opposites was first suggested by Heraclitus a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
Universal pragmatics
Universal pragmatics, more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching an understanding through communication.
Universal pragmatics, more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching an understanding through communication.
Unorganisation
Unorganisation is an approach to organisational structure and design that consciously removes or avoids layers of management and bureaucracy, eschews job titles, and instead attempts to operate ...
Unorganisation is an approach to organisational structure and design that consciously removes or avoids layers of management and bureaucracy, eschews job titles, and instead attempts to operate ...
Urban Acupuncture
Urban Acupuncture is an urban environmentalism theory which combines urban design with traditional Chinese medical theory of acupuncture.
Urban Acupuncture is an urban environmentalism theory which combines urban design with traditional Chinese medical theory of acupuncture.
Urban acupuncture
Urban Acupuncture is an urban environmentalism theory which combines urban design with traditional Chinese medical theory of acupuncture.
Urban Acupuncture is an urban environmentalism theory which combines urban design with traditional Chinese medical theory of acupuncture.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall "happiness".
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall "happiness".
Vacancy chain
A vacancy chain is a social structure through which resources are distributed to consumers.
A vacancy chain is a social structure through which resources are distributed to consumers.
Vajtim
Vajtim or Gjëmë is the dirge or lamentation of the dead in the Albanian custom by a woman or a group of women.
Vajtim or Gjëmë is the dirge or lamentation of the dead in the Albanian custom by a woman or a group of women.
Value (personal and cultural)
A personal or cultural value is an absolute or relative ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis for ethical action.
A personal or cultural value is an absolute or relative ethical value, the assumption of which can be the basis for ethical action.
Value judgment
A value judgment is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something, or of the usefulness of something, based on a comparison or other relativity.
A value judgment is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something, or of the usefulness of something, based on a comparison or other relativity.
Value pluralism
In ethics, value pluralism is the idea that there are several values which may be equally correct and fundamental, and yet in conflict with each other.
In ethics, value pluralism is the idea that there are several values which may be equally correct and fundamental, and yet in conflict with each other.
Value system
A value system is a set of consistent ethic values (more specifically the personal and cultural values) and measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity.
A value system is a set of consistent ethic values (more specifically the personal and cultural values) and measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity.
Veil of ignorance
The veil of ignorance and original position are concepts introduced by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice.
The veil of ignorance and original position are concepts introduced by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice.
Voluntary sector
The voluntary sector or community sector is the sphere of social activity undertaken by organizations that are for non-profit and non-governmental.
The voluntary sector or community sector is the sphere of social activity undertaken by organizations that are for non-profit and non-governmental.
Volunteering
Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity, intended to promote good or improve human quality of life.
Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity, intended to promote good or improve human quality of life.
West London Methodist Mission
The West London Methodist Mission was established in 1887 under the leadership of Hugh Price Hughes, a leading voice in Methodism and in Non-Conformity, and has a long track record as a Methodis...
The West London Methodist Mission was established in 1887 under the leadership of Hugh Price Hughes, a leading voice in Methodism and in Non-Conformity, and has a long track record as a Methodis...
Wickedness
Topics
Topics
Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
Will (philosophy)
Will in philosophical discussions, like generally in the English language, refers to the desire of an individual, and the acts done when such decisions are put into effect.
Will in philosophical discussions, like generally in the English language, refers to the desire of an individual, and the acts done when such decisions are put into effect.
William James
William James was a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher who was trained as a physician.
William James was a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher who was trained as a physician.
Women and children first (protocol)
"Women and children first" is a historical protocol whereby the lives of women and children are saved first in a life-threatening situation.
"Women and children first" is a historical protocol whereby the lives of women and children are saved first in a life-threatening situation.
Work-life balance
Work–life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and ambition) on one hand and "life" (Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development) on th...
Work–life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and ambition) on one hand and "life" (Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development) on th...
Workers' self-management
Worker self-management is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices instead of an owner or traditional supervisor telling workers what to do, how to d...
Worker self-management is a form of workplace decision-making in which the workers themselves agree on choices instead of an owner or traditional supervisor telling workers what to do, how to d...
Work–life balance
Work–life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and ambition) on the one hand and "life" (Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development) o...
Work–life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between "work" (career and ambition) on the one hand and "life" (Health, pleasure, leisure, family and spiritual development) o...
Work–life balance (United States)
Work–life balance is having enough time for work and enough to have a life thus the work life balance.
Work–life balance is having enough time for work and enough to have a life thus the work life balance.
Youth Exclusion
Youth Exclusion is a form of social exclusion in which youth are situated at a social disadvantage in joining institutions and organizations in their societies.
Youth Exclusion is a form of social exclusion in which youth are situated at a social disadvantage in joining institutions and organizations in their societies.