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Archard equation
The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based around the theory of asperity contact.
The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based around the theory of asperity contact.
Arithmetic surface
Arithmetic surfaces are the arithmetic analogue of fibred surfaces with the spectrum of a Dedekind domain replacing the base curve.
Arithmetic surfaces are the arithmetic analogue of fibred surfaces with the spectrum of a Dedekind domain replacing the base curve.
Asperity (materials science)
In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (OED, from the Latin asper — "rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology.
In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (OED, from the Latin asper — "rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology.
Asymptotic curve
In the differential geometry of surfaces, an asymptotic curve is a curve always tangent to an asymptotic direction of the surface (where they exist).
In the differential geometry of surfaces, an asymptotic curve is a curve always tangent to an asymptotic direction of the surface (where they exist).
Bicone
A bicone or dicone is the three-dimensional geometric shape swept by revolving an isosceles triangle around its edge of unequal length.
A bicone or dicone is the three-dimensional geometric shape swept by revolving an isosceles triangle around its edge of unequal length.
Biharmonic Bézier surface
A biharmonic Bézier surface is a smooth polynomial surface which conforms to the biharmonic equation and has the same formulations as a Bézier surface.
A biharmonic Bézier surface is a smooth polynomial surface which conforms to the biharmonic equation and has the same formulations as a Bézier surface.
Bonnet theorem
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, more precisely, the theory of surfaces in Euclidean space, the Bonnet theorem states that the first and second fundamental forms determine a s...
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, more precisely, the theory of surfaces in Euclidean space, the Bonnet theorem states that the first and second fundamental forms determine a s...
Boy's surface
In geometry, Boy's surface is an immersion of the real projective plane in 3-dimensional space found by Werner Boy in 1901.
In geometry, Boy's surface is an immersion of the real projective plane in 3-dimensional space found by Werner Boy in 1901.
Breather surface
In differential equations, a breather surface is a mathematical surface relating to breathers.
In differential equations, a breather surface is a mathematical surface relating to breathers.
Bryant surface
In Riemannian geometry, a Bryant surface is a 2-dimensional surface embedded in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with constant mean curvature equal to 1.
In Riemannian geometry, a Bryant surface is a 2-dimensional surface embedded in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with constant mean curvature equal to 1.
Bäcklund transform
In mathematics, Bäcklund transforms or Bäcklund transformations relate partial differential equations and their solutions.
In mathematics, Bäcklund transforms or Bäcklund transformations relate partial differential equations and their solutions.
Bézier surface
Bézier surfaces are a species of mathematical spline used in computer graphics, computer-aided design, and finite element modeling.
Bézier surfaces are a species of mathematical spline used in computer graphics, computer-aided design, and finite element modeling.
Bézier triangle
A Bézier triangle is a special type of Bézier surface, which is created by interpolation of control points.
A Bézier triangle is a special type of Bézier surface, which is created by interpolation of control points.
Cantor tree surface
In dynamical systems, the Cantor tree is an infinite genus surface homeomorphic to a sphere with a Cantor set removed.
In dynamical systems, the Cantor tree is an infinite genus surface homeomorphic to a sphere with a Cantor set removed.
Carathéodory conjecture
The Carathéodory conjecture is a mathematical conjecture attributed to Constantin Carathéodory by Hans Ludwig Hamburger in a session of the Berlin Mathematical Society in 1924, 1.
The Carathéodory conjecture is a mathematical conjecture attributed to Constantin Carathéodory by Hans Ludwig Hamburger in a session of the Berlin Mathematical Society in 1924, 1.
Catalan surface
In geometry, a Catalan surface, named after the Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan, is a ruled surface all of whose rulings are parallel to a fixed plane.
In geometry, a Catalan surface, named after the Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan, is a ruled surface all of whose rulings are parallel to a fixed plane.
Channel surface
A channel or canal surface is a surface formed as the envelope of a family of spheres whose centers lie on a space curve.
A channel or canal surface is a surface formed as the envelope of a family of spheres whose centers lie on a space curve.
Computer representation of surfaces
In technical applications of 3D computer graphics (CAx) such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, surfaces are one way of representing objects.
In technical applications of 3D computer graphics (CAx) such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing, surfaces are one way of representing objects.
Cone (geometry)
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat, usually circular base to a point called the apex or vertex.
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat, usually circular base to a point called the apex or vertex.
Conical surface
In geometry, a (general) conical surface is the unbounded surface formed by the union of all the straight lines that pass through a fixed point — the apex or vertex — a...
In geometry, a (general) conical surface is the unbounded surface formed by the union of all the straight lines that pass through a fixed point — the apex or vertex — a...
Conoid
In geometry, a conoid is a Catalan surface all of whose rulings intersect a fixed line, called the axis of the conoid.
In geometry, a conoid is a Catalan surface all of whose rulings intersect a fixed line, called the axis of the conoid.
Cross-cap
In mathematics, a cross-cap is a two-dimensional surface that is topologically equivalent to a Möbius strip.
In mathematics, a cross-cap is a two-dimensional surface that is topologically equivalent to a Möbius strip.
Cylinder (geometry)
A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder.
A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder.
Developable surface
In mathematics, a developable surface (or torse: archaic) is a surface with zero Gaussian curvature.
In mathematics, a developable surface (or torse: archaic) is a surface with zero Gaussian curvature.
Differential geometry of surfaces
In mathematics, the differential geometry of surfaces deals with smooth surfaces with various additional structures, most often, a Riemannian metric.
In mathematics, the differential geometry of surfaces deals with smooth surfaces with various additional structures, most often, a Riemannian metric.
Dini's surface
In geometry, Dini's surface is a surface with constant negative curvature that can be created by twisting a pseudosphere.
In geometry, Dini's surface is a surface with constant negative curvature that can be created by twisting a pseudosphere.
Dupin cyclide
In mathematics, a Dupin cyclide or cyclide of Dupin is any geometric inversion of any standard torus.
In mathematics, a Dupin cyclide or cyclide of Dupin is any geometric inversion of any standard torus.
Dupin indicatrix
The Dupin indicatrix is a method for characterising the local shape of a surface.
The Dupin indicatrix is a method for characterising the local shape of a surface.
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a closed type of quadric surface that is a higher dimensional analogue of an ellipse.
An ellipsoid is a closed type of quadric surface that is a higher dimensional analogue of an ellipse.
Equipotential surface
Equipotential surfaces are surfaces of constant scalar potential.
Equipotential surfaces are surfaces of constant scalar potential.
Euler's theorem (differential geometry)
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, Euler's theorem is a result on the curvature of curves on a surface.
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, Euler's theorem is a result on the curvature of curves on a surface.
Filling area conjecture
In mathematics, in Riemannian geometry, Mikhail Gromov's filling area conjecture asserts that among all possible fillings of the Riemannian circle of length 2π by a surface with the strongly iso...
In mathematics, in Riemannian geometry, Mikhail Gromov's filling area conjecture asserts that among all possible fillings of the Riemannian circle of length 2π by a surface with the strongly iso...
First fundamental form
In differential geometry, the first fundamental form is the inner product on the tangent space of a surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space which is induced canonically from the dot product...
In differential geometry, the first fundamental form is the inner product on the tangent space of a surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space which is induced canonically from the dot product...
Focal surface
For a surface in three dimension the focal surface, surface of centers or evolute is formed by taking the centers of the curvature spheres, which are the tangential spheres whose rad...
For a surface in three dimension the focal surface, surface of centers or evolute is formed by taking the centers of the curvature spheres, which are the tangential spheres whose rad...
Focaloid
In geometry, a focaloid is a shell bounded by two concentric, confocal ellipses (2D) or ellipsoids (3D).
In geometry, a focaloid is a shell bounded by two concentric, confocal ellipses (2D) or ellipsoids (3D).
Freeform surface modelling
Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system.
Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system.
Gauss map
In differential geometry, the Gauss map maps a surface in Euclidean space R3 to the unit sphere S2.
In differential geometry, the Gauss map maps a surface in Euclidean space R3 to the unit sphere S2.
Gauss-Codazzi equations
In Riemannian geometry, the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations are fundamental equations in the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space, and more generally submanifolds of Riemannian...
In Riemannian geometry, the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations are fundamental equations in the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space, and more generally submanifolds of Riemannian...
Gaussian curvature
In differential geometry, the Gaussian curvature or Gauss curvature of a point on a surface is the product of the principal curvatures, κ1 and κ2, of the given point.
In differential geometry, the Gaussian curvature or Gauss curvature of a point on a surface is the product of the principal curvatures, κ1 and κ2, of the given point.
Gaussian surface
A Gaussian surface is a closed surface in three dimensional space through which the flux of an electromagnetic field is calculated.
A Gaussian surface is a closed surface in three dimensional space through which the flux of an electromagnetic field is calculated.
Gauss–Codazzi equations
In Riemannian geometry, the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations are fundamental equations in the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space, and more generally submanifolds of Riemannian...
In Riemannian geometry, the Gauss–Codazzi–Mainardi equations are fundamental equations in the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space, and more generally submanifolds of Riemannian...
Genus (mathematics)
In mathematics, genus (plural genera) has a few different, but closely related, meanings: The genus of a connected, orientable surface is an integer representing the maximum number o...
In mathematics, genus (plural genera) has a few different, but closely related, meanings: The genus of a connected, orientable surface is an integer representing the maximum number o...
Helicoid
The helicoid, after the plane (geometry) and the catenoid, is the third minimal surface to be known.
The helicoid, after the plane (geometry) and the catenoid, is the third minimal surface to be known.
Index ellipsoid
In optics, an index ellipsoid is a diagram of an ellipsoid that depicts the orientation and relative magnitude of refractive indices in a crystal.
In optics, an index ellipsoid is a diagram of an ellipsoid that depicts the orientation and relative magnitude of refractive indices in a crystal.
Introduction to systolic geometry
Systolic geometry gives lower bounds for various attributes of the space in terms of its systole.
Systolic geometry gives lower bounds for various attributes of the space in terms of its systole.
Jacob's ladder surface
In mathematics, Jacob's ladder is a surface with infinite genus and two ends It was named after Jacob's ladder by because the surface can be constructed as the boundary of a ladder that is in...
In mathematics, Jacob's ladder is a surface with infinite genus and two ends It was named after Jacob's ladder by because the surface can be constructed as the boundary of a ladder that is in...
Klein bottle
In mathematics, the Klein bottle is a non-orientable surface, informally, a surface in which notions of left and right cannot be consistently defined.
In mathematics, the Klein bottle is a non-orientable surface, informally, a surface in which notions of left and right cannot be consistently defined.
Klein surface
In mathematics, a Klein surface, named after Felix Klein, is a non-orientable closed surface.
In mathematics, a Klein surface, named after Felix Klein, is a non-orientable closed surface.
Lateral surface
In geometry, the lateral surface of a solid is the face or surface of the solid on its sides.
In geometry, the lateral surface of a solid is the face or surface of the solid on its sides.
Loch Ness monster surface
In mathematics, the Loch Ness monster is a surface with infinite genus but only one end, named by.
In mathematics, the Loch Ness monster is a surface with infinite genus but only one end, named by.
Morin surface
The Morin surface is the half-way model of the sphere eversion discovered by Bernard Morin.
The Morin surface is the half-way model of the sphere eversion discovered by Bernard Morin.
Möbius strip
The Möbius strip or Möbius band (pronounced or in English, in German) (alternatively written Mobius or Moebius in English) is a surface with only one side and only one boundary component.
The Möbius strip or Möbius band (pronounced or in English, in German) (alternatively written Mobius or Moebius in English) is a surface with only one side and only one boundary component.
Nadirashvili surface
In differential geometry, a Nadirashvili surface is an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3 with negative curvature.
In differential geometry, a Nadirashvili surface is an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3 with negative curvature.
Nielsen-Thurston classification
In mathematics, Thurston's classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface.
In mathematics, Thurston's classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface.
Nielsen–Thurston classification
In mathematics, Thurston's classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface.
In mathematics, Thurston's classification theorem characterizes homeomorphisms of a compact surface.
Nodoid
A nodoid is a surface of revolution with constant nonzero mean curvature obtained by rolling a hyperbola along a fixed line, tracing the focus, and revolving the resulting curve around the line.
A nodoid is a surface of revolution with constant nonzero mean curvature obtained by rolling a hyperbola along a fixed line, tracing the focus, and revolving the resulting curve around the line.
Normal (geometry)
A surface normal, or simply normal, to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface.
A surface normal, or simply normal, to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface.
Oblate spheroid
An oblate spheroid is a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it.
An oblate spheroid is a rotationally symmetric ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane bisects it.
Orientability
In mathematics, orientability is a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point.
In mathematics, orientability is a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point.
Parametric surface
A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean space R3 which is defined by a parametric equation with two parameters.
A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean space R3 which is defined by a parametric equation with two parameters.
PDE surface
PDE surfaces are used in geometric modelling and computer graphics for creating smooth surfaces conforming to a given boundary configuration.
PDE surfaces are used in geometric modelling and computer graphics for creating smooth surfaces conforming to a given boundary configuration.
Pinched torus
In mathematics, and especially topology and differential geometry, a pinched torus (or croissant surface) is a kind of two-dimensional surface.
In mathematics, and especially topology and differential geometry, a pinched torus (or croissant surface) is a kind of two-dimensional surface.
Plane (geometry)
In mathematics, a plane is a thing that flies in the sky and can help transport people or objects, two-dimensional surface.
In mathematics, a plane is a thing that flies in the sky and can help transport people or objects, two-dimensional surface.
Plücker’s conoid
In geometry, the Plücker’s conoid is a ruled surface named after the German mathematician Julius Plücker.
In geometry, the Plücker’s conoid is a ruled surface named after the German mathematician Julius Plücker.
Principal curvature
In differential geometry, the two principal curvatures at a given point of a surface are the eigenvalues of the shape operator at the point.
In differential geometry, the two principal curvatures at a given point of a surface are the eigenvalues of the shape operator at the point.
Prismatic surface
A prismatic surface is a surface generated by all the lines that are parallel to a given line and intersect a broken line that is not in the same plane as the given line.
A prismatic surface is a surface generated by all the lines that are parallel to a given line and intersect a broken line that is not in the same plane as the given line.
Prolate spheroid
A prolate spheroid is a spheroid in which the polar axis is greater than the equatorial diameter.
A prolate spheroid is a spheroid in which the polar axis is greater than the equatorial diameter.
Prüfer manifold
In mathematics, the Prüfer manifold or Prüfer surface is a 2-dimensional Hausdorff real analytic manifold that is not paracompact.
In mathematics, the Prüfer manifold or Prüfer surface is a 2-dimensional Hausdorff real analytic manifold that is not paracompact.
Pseudosphere
In geometry, the term pseudosphere is used to describe various surfaces with constant negative gaussian curvature.
In geometry, the term pseudosphere is used to describe various surfaces with constant negative gaussian curvature.
Quadric
In mathematics, a quadric, or quadric surface, is any D-dimensional hypersurface in (D + 1)-dimensional space defined as the locus of zeros of a quadratic polynomial.
In mathematics, a quadric, or quadric surface, is any D-dimensional hypersurface in (D + 1)-dimensional space defined as the locus of zeros of a quadratic polynomial.
Real projective plane
In mathematics, the real projective plane is a compact non-orientable two-dimensional manifold, that is, a surface, that has basic applications to geometry, but which cannot be embedded in our u...
In mathematics, the real projective plane is a compact non-orientable two-dimensional manifold, that is, a surface, that has basic applications to geometry, but which cannot be embedded in our u...
Ridge (differential geometry)
For a smooth surface in three dimensions a ridge point occurs when a line of curvature has a local maximum or minimum of principal curvature.
For a smooth surface in three dimensions a ridge point occurs when a line of curvature has a local maximum or minimum of principal curvature.
Riemannian connection on a surface
In mathematics, the Riemannian connection on a surface or Riemannian 2-manifold refers to several intrinsic geometric structures discovered by Tullio Levi-Civita, Élie Cartan and Hermann Weyl in...
In mathematics, the Riemannian connection on a surface or Riemannian 2-manifold refers to several intrinsic geometric structures discovered by Tullio Levi-Civita, Élie Cartan and Hermann Weyl in...
Right conoid
In geometry, a right conoid is a ruled surface generated by a family of straight lines that all intersect perpendicularly a fixed straight line, called the axis of the right conoid.
In geometry, a right conoid is a ruled surface generated by a family of straight lines that all intersect perpendicularly a fixed straight line, called the axis of the right conoid.
Roman surface
The Roman surface is a self-intersecting mapping of the real projective plane into three-dimensional space, with an unusually high degree of symmetry.
The Roman surface is a self-intersecting mapping of the real projective plane into three-dimensional space, with an unusually high degree of symmetry.
Ruled surface
In geometry, a surface S is ruled if through every point of S there is a straight line that lies on S.
In geometry, a surface S is ruled if through every point of S there is a straight line that lies on S.
Seashell surface
In mathematics, a seashell surface is a surface made by a circle which spirals up the z-axis while decreasing its own radius and distance from the z-axis.
In mathematics, a seashell surface is a surface made by a circle which spirals up the z-axis while decreasing its own radius and distance from the z-axis.
Seifert surface
In mathematics, a Seifert surface (named after German mathematician Herbert Seifert) is a surface whose boundary is a given knot or link.
In mathematics, a Seifert surface (named after German mathematician Herbert Seifert) is a surface whose boundary is a given knot or link.
Sine-Gordon equation
The sine–Gordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation in 1 + 1 dimensions involving the d'Alembert operator and the sine of the unknown function.
The sine–Gordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation in 1 + 1 dimensions involving the d'Alembert operator and the sine of the unknown function.
Sine–Gordon equation
The sine–Gordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation in 1 + 1 dimensions involving the d'Alembert operator and the sine of the unknown function.
The sine–Gordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation in 1 + 1 dimensions involving the d'Alembert operator and the sine of the unknown function.
Space-filling model
In chemistry a space-filling model, also known as calotte model, is a type of three-dimensional molecular model where the atoms are represented by spheres whose radii are proportional to t...
In chemistry a space-filling model, also known as calotte model, is a type of three-dimensional molecular model where the atoms are represented by spheres whose radii are proportional to t...
Sphere
A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball.
A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball.
Spheroid
A spheroid, or ellipsoid of revolution is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.
A spheroid, or ellipsoid of revolution is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.
Spring (mathematics)
In geometry, a spring is a surface in the shape of a coiled tube, generated by sweeping a circle about the path of a helix.
In geometry, a spring is a surface in the shape of a coiled tube, generated by sweeping a circle about the path of a helix.
Standard torus
In mathematics, a standard torus is a circular torus of revolution, that is, any surface of revolution generated by rotating a circle in three dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the c...
In mathematics, a standard torus is a circular torus of revolution, that is, any surface of revolution generated by rotating a circle in three dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the c...
Steiner surface
In geometry, a branch of mathematics, the Steiner surfaces, discovered by Jakob Steiner, are mappings of the real projective plane into three-dimensional real projective space.
In geometry, a branch of mathematics, the Steiner surfaces, discovered by Jakob Steiner, are mappings of the real projective plane into three-dimensional real projective space.
Superegg
In geometry, a superegg or super-egg is a solid of revolution obtained by rotating an elongated super-ellipse with exponent greater than 2 around its longest axis.
In geometry, a superegg or super-egg is a solid of revolution obtained by rotating an elongated super-ellipse with exponent greater than 2 around its longest axis.
Superformula
The superformula is a generalization of the superellipse and was first proposed by Johan Gielis.
The superformula is a generalization of the superellipse and was first proposed by Johan Gielis.
Supertoroid
In geometry and computer graphics, a supertoroid or supertorus is usually understood to be a family of doughnut-like surfaces (technically, a topological torus) whose shape is defined by m...
In geometry and computer graphics, a supertoroid or supertorus is usually understood to be a family of doughnut-like surfaces (technically, a topological torus) whose shape is defined by m...
Surface
A surface is a nonempty second countable Hausdorff topological space in which every point has an open neighbourhood homeomorphic to some open subset of the Euclidean plane.
A surface is a nonempty second countable Hausdorff topological space in which every point has an open neighbourhood homeomorphic to some open subset of the Euclidean plane.
Surface normal
A surface normal, or simply normal, to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface.
A surface normal, or simply normal, to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface.
Surface of revolution
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) around a straight line in its plane (the axis).
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) around a straight line in its plane (the axis).
Systoles of surfaces
In mathematics, systolic inequalities for curves on surfaces were first studied by Charles Loewner in 1949 (unpublished; see remark at end of P. M. Pu's paper in '52).
In mathematics, systolic inequalities for curves on surfaces were first studied by Charles Loewner in 1949 (unpublished; see remark at end of P. M. Pu's paper in '52).
Theorema Egregium
Gauss's Theorema Egregium is a foundational result in differential geometry proved by Carl Friedrich Gauss that concerns the curvature of surfaces.
Gauss's Theorema Egregium is a foundational result in differential geometry proved by Carl Friedrich Gauss that concerns the curvature of surfaces.
Torus
In geometry, a torus is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle.
In geometry, a torus is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle.
Triple torus
Triple torus or three-torus can refer to one of the two following concepts, both related to a torus.
Triple torus or three-torus can refer to one of the two following concepts, both related to a torus.
Umbilical point
In the differential geometry of surfaces in three dimensions, umbilics or umbilical points are points that are locally spherical.
In the differential geometry of surfaces in three dimensions, umbilics or umbilical points are points that are locally spherical.
Veech surface
In mathematics, a Veech surface is a translation surface whose Veech group of affine diffeomorphisms is a lattice in PSL2.
In mathematics, a Veech surface is a translation surface whose Veech group of affine diffeomorphisms is a lattice in PSL2.
Weierstrass-Enneper parameterization
In mathematics, the Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization of minimal surfaces is a classical piece of differential geometry.
In mathematics, the Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization of minimal surfaces is a classical piece of differential geometry.
Whitney umbrella
In mathematics, the Whitney umbrella is a self-intersecting surface placed in three dimensions.
In mathematics, the Whitney umbrella is a self-intersecting surface placed in three dimensions.
Willmore conjecture
In differential geometry in mathematics the Willmore conjecture is a conjecture about the Willmore energy of a torus, named after the English mathematician Tom Willmore.
In differential geometry in mathematics the Willmore conjecture is a conjecture about the Willmore energy of a torus, named after the English mathematician Tom Willmore.
Willmore energy
In differential geometry, the Willmore energy is a quantitative measure of how much a given surface deviates from a round sphere.
In differential geometry, the Willmore energy is a quantitative measure of how much a given surface deviates from a round sphere.
Zoll surface
In mathematics, a Zoll surface, named after Otto Zoll, is a surface homeomorphic to the 2-sphere, equipped with a Riemannian metric all of whose geodesics are closed and of equal length.
In mathematics, a Zoll surface, named after Otto Zoll, is a surface homeomorphic to the 2-sphere, equipped with a Riemannian metric all of whose geodesics are closed and of equal length.