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  1. Only showing results from www.britannica.com

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  2. In Britain in the 17th century, primitive steam engines were used to pump water out of mines. In 1765 Scottish inventor James Watt , building on earlier improvements, increased the efficiency of steam pumping engines by adding a separate condenser, and in 1781 he designed a machine to rotate a shaft rather than generate the up-and-down motion ...
  3. Scientific Revolution, drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.A new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology, and it came to be regarded as having utilitarian goals.
  4. It is an indication of the nature of this encouragement that so many of the inventors and scientists of the period were Calvinists, Puritans, and, in England, Dissenters. ... Stoneware, requiring a lower firing temperature than porcelain, had achieved great decorative distinction in the 17th century as a result of the Dutch success with opaque ...
  5. history of technology, the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things.The term technology, a combination of the Greek technē, "art, craft," with logos, "word, speech," meant in Greece a discourse on the arts, both fine and applied.When it first appeared in English in the 17th century, it was used to mean a discussion of the applied arts only, and ...
  6. The term Industrial Revolution, like similar historical concepts, is more convenient than precise. It is convenient because history requires division into periods for purposes of understanding and instruction and because there were sufficient innovations at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries to justify the choice of this as one of the periods. . The term is imprecise, however, because the ...
  7. Jan 1, 2025Isaac Newton (born December 25, 1642 [January 4, 1643, New Style], Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England—died March 20 [March 31], 1727, London) was an English physicist and mathematician who was the culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century. In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colours into the science of light and ...
  8. History of science - Industrial Revolution, Technology, Enlightenment: It has long been a commonsensical notion that the rise of modern science and the Industrial Revolution were closely connected. It is difficult to show any direct effect of scientific discoveries upon the rise of the textile or even the metallurgical industry in Great Britain, the home of the Industrial Revolution, but there ...
  9. Dec 11, 2024Historians conventionally divide the Industrial Revolution into two approximately consecutive parts. What is called the first Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-18th century to about 1830 and was mostly confined to Britain.The second Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-19th century until the early 20th century and took place in Britain, continental Europe, North America, and Japan.
  10. Scientific Revolution - Optics, Astronomy, Physics: The science of optics in the 17th century expressed the fundamental outlook of the Scientific Revolution by combining an experimental approach with a quantitative analysis of phenomena. Optics had its origins in Greece, especially in the works of Euclid (c. 300 bce), who stated many of the results in geometric optics that the Greeks had ...

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