en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
By the early 16th century, the Age of Sail greatly expanded Western European influence and development of the spice trade under colonialism. European-style colonial empires and imperialism operated in Asia throughout six centuries of colonialism, formally ending with the independence of the Portuguese Empire 's last colony Macau in 1999.
smarthistory.org
Smarthistory
https://smarthistory.org › history-asia
en.wikipedia.org
afe.easia.columbia.edu
Asia for Educators
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu › main_pop › kpct › kp_4000bce-1000ce.htm
simple.wikipedia.org
afe.easia.columbia.edu
Asia for Educators
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu › tps › 1000bce_sa.htm
ohiostate.pressbooks.pub
The Ohio State University Pressbooks
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub › eastasiaviathehumanities › chapter › timeline-east-asia
afe.easia.columbia.edu
Asia for Educators
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu › main_pop › kpct › kp_1000-1450ce.htm
cambridge.org
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