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  1. en.wikipedia.org

    Category:History of the Arctic by period only covers the area north of the Arctic Circle (66° 33'N). Articles that fall outside of this definition should not be included in this category. Arctic explains the various definitions of Arctic. Subcategories.
  2. realclimatescience.com

    Less Ice In Arctic Ocean 6000-7000 Years Ago — ScienceDaily. Hannibal took elephants across the Alps in 181 BC. It is also known that the Arctic was much warmer one thousand years ago, with atmospheric CO2 at pre-industrial levels. Then the Arctic got much colder and the Vikings in Greenland froze to death.
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  4. geology.er.usgs.gov

    During this period, Arctic climate has been dominated by glacial-interglacial cycles caused by changes in aspects of earth's orbit: axial tilt (obliquity), precession (wobble) and eccentricity. During the last two glacial maxima, about 160 thousand years ago (ka) and 22 ka, ice sheets, ice shelves, and thick sea ice covered the Arctic Ocean ...
  5. The Arctic: a history. 2 July 2009. By the New Internationalist team. A mythical place - land of the frozen ocean, the aurora borealis and the midnight sun - the Arctic has long fascinated humankind. It has brought both riches and disaster to those who have tried to dominate it, while its indigenous people have been marginalized and ...
  6. worldoceanreview.com

    The land masses in the present-day Arctic region have undergone a much longer voyage than that experienced by the Antarctic continent. 650 million years ago the island of Spitsbergen, for example, as a part of a larger land mass, was located near the South Pole, as evidenced by thick glacial-period deposits that scientists can still find on the ...
  7. Since the Arctic Ocean began forming in the Early Cretaceous 112-140 million years ago, the Arctic region has undergone profound oceanographic and paleoclimatic changes. It has evolved from a warm epicontinental sea to its modern state as a cold isolated ocean with extensive perennial sea ice cover.
  8. climate.envsci.rutgers.edu

    geochronologies. However, the Cenozoic history of the Arctic remains broadly incomplete. Although there is some evidence to confirm that the Arctic has cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic to the ice-age times of the Quaternary, firm networks of sites capable of defining the spatial patterns of climate are mostly
  9. Fig. 2 Schematic Map of the present day Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans (after Haley et al., 2008). Important currents and their corresponding Nd isotope compositions are given by arrows (blue for surface, black for deep including major areas of deep water production marked by crosses) and the distribution of the ice sheets is marked by white areas (penultimate glacial period - red outline ...
  10. As the planet cooled from peak warmth in the early Cenozoic, extensive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed by 2.6 Ma ago, leading to changes in the circulation of both the atmosphere and oceans. From ∼2.6 to ∼1.0 Ma ago, ice sheets came and went about every 41 ka, in pace with cycles in the tilt of Earth's axis, but for the past 700 ka, glacial cycles have been longer, lasting ∼ ...
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