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  1. History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

    The earliest known human settlements in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been dated back to the Middle Stone Age, approximately 90,000 years ago. The first real states, such as the Kongo, the Lunda, the Luba and Kuba, appeared south of the equatorial forest on the savannah from the 14th century onwards. The Kingdom of Kongo controlled much of western and central Africa including what is now the western portion of the DR Congo between the 14th and the early 19th centuries. At its peak it had many as 500,000 people, and its capital was known as Mbanza-Kongo. In the late 15th century, Portuguese sailors arrived in the Kingdom of Kongo, and this led to a period of great prosperity and consolidation, with the king's power being founded on Portuguese trade. King Afonso I had raids carried out on neighboring districts in response to Portuguese requests for slaves. After his death, the kingdom underwent a deep crisis. Wikipedia

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  2. en.wikipedia.org

    The Belgian Congo (French: Congo belge, pronounced [kɔ̃ɡo bɛlʒ]; Dutch: Belgisch-Congo) [a] was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960 and became the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).The former colony adopted its present name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in 1964.. Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century.
  3. britannica.com

    Jan 11, 2025Belgian Congo, former colony (coextensive with the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) in Africa, ruled by Belgium from 1908 until 1960. It was established by the Belgian parliament to replace the previous, privately owned Congo Free State, after international outrage over abuses there brought pressure for supervision and accountability.The official Belgian attitude was paternalism ...
    Author:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. courses.lumenlearning.com

    Key Takeaways Key Points. The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately controlled by Leopold II of Belgium through his Association internationale africaine, a non-governmental organization supposedly dedicated to humanitarian purposes.; Under Leopold II's administration, the Congo Free State became the site of one of the most infamous international scandals of the turn of the 20th ...
  5. education.nationalgeographic.org

    On February 5, 1885, Belgian King Leopold II established the Congo Free State by brutally seizing the African landmass as his personal possession. Rather than control the Congo as a colony, as other European powers did throughout Africa, Leopold privately owned the region. (Colonizing other peoples, regardless of the justification, is wrong.
  6. simple.wikipedia.org

    Belgian Congo was a Belgian colony in central Africa. It was formed in 1908. The government of Belgium took over the previously separate kingdom of Belgium's monarch Léopold II; the Congo Free State.Today it is called the Democratic Republic of the Congo.It existed between Léopold II's formal transfer of his personal control to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 ...
  7. blackpast.org

    Jan 20, 2023The Congo Free State, also known as the Independent State of the Congo, was a private possession owned by King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908. King Leopold II became interested in the region during Sir Henry Morton Stanley's exploration of the Congo River between 1874 and 1877.
  8. library.fiveable.me

    The Belgian Congo was a central African territory governed by Belgium from 1908 until its independence in 1960. It became a significant example of European colonial exploitation, which played a key role in the broader processes of decolonization in Africa during the mid-20th century.
  9. link.springer.com

    Put simply, Morel's campaign worked. In 1908, the king surrendered his African state and Belgium took possession of it—the so-called reprise, or takeover—turning the territory into the Congo belge, or Belgian Congo. In addition, the Peace of Paris process ending World War I saw Belgium gain the former German colonial territories of Ruanda ...
  10. historytoday.com

    Christened the Congo Free State in 1885, Leopold's playground was an astonishing 76 times the size of Belgium. Comprised largely of unmapped jungle, it was initially a huge financial burden. But when worldwide demand for rubber boomed, Leopold cashed in. Congolese workers were sent out into the jungle to slash down vines and layer their ...
  11. library.fiveable.me

    The Belgian Congo was a vast colony in Central Africa, established as a personal possession of King Leopold II of Belgium in 1885 before becoming a Belgian state colony in 1908. It became notorious for its brutal exploitation of resources and people, particularly rubber, leading to widespread suffering and death among the Congolese population, which is crucial for understanding European ...

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