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  1. britannica.com

    Lebanese Civil War was a civil conflict (1975-90) in Lebanon characterized by the deterioration of the state and the coalescence of militias along communal lines. The conflict was exacerbated by the participation of foreign actors, especially the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Syria, and Israel.
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  3. library.fiveable.me

    The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted conflict that lasted from 1975 to 1990, characterized by sectarian strife, regional interventions, and political fragmentation within Lebanon. The war arose from deep-seated tensions between various religious and ethnic groups, heavily influenced by the legacy of colonialism and the mandate system that shaped Lebanon's political landscape.
  4. Lebanon's civil war is history. It ended before the global proliferation of identity conflicts in the 1990s. It was characterised by its durability (April 1975-December 1990); by its complexity, made up of embedded and overlapping domestic and regional conflicts involving a wealth of actors - local and foreign, state and non-state; and by its high proportion of civilian casualties ...
  5. The current political and economic crises in Lebanon reveal the myriad ways that the Lebanese continue to deal with the effects of the 1975-1990 civil war. Najib Hourani explores MERIP's deep coverage of Lebanon since the early 1970s. He finds that "MERIP's commitment to foregrounding local social struggles and their links to the global political economy, along with a sensitivity to ...
  6. tandfonline.com

    31 el-Khazen, The Breakdown of the State, 380; Norton, 'Changing actors in leadership'; Haugbolle, War and Memory, 35; Ghosn and Khoury, 'Lebanon after the Civil War', 383; Elie Kedourie, Democracy and Arab Political Culture (London: Frank Cass, 1994), 50-51; Kais M. Firro, Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the ...
  7. sciencespo.fr

    It revolved around some of the issues that dominated regional politics in the Middle East in the latter part of the 20th century, including the Palestine-Israel conflict, Cold War competition, Arab nationalism and political Islam. ... (see Khalaf 2002: 1-22 for a discussion of the "rationality" of civil war). Lebanon is not an anomaly, and ...
  8. Independent Lebanon; Lebanon: Military History (1948 - 2008) The Nahj and the origins of the Lebanese Civil War; Lebanon Second Republic. Lebanon: A fragile Equilibrium (2008-2010) Lebanon: New Government in 2011; Foreign and Regional Interference in Lebanon (2005-2008) Reconstruction in Lebanon and the Assassination of Hariri (1992 - 2005)
  9. Lebanon today is a great example of a war-torn society in which unsolved atrocities, ... ed., The Middle East - Peace by Piece: The Quest for a Solution to the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Currently both authors are working on a book manuscript ... The civil war in Lebanon raged for 15 years, fueled by both internal and external
  10. LEBANON AND THE DOMINATION OF THE MIDDLE EAST BY WESTERN CAPITALISM Because of its geo-political position, specific history, socio-religious equilibrium and the cultural characteristics of its bourgeoisie, Lebanon has been, since the 1880s, one of the principal points for the economic penetration of the Arab
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