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  2. Jan 31, 2025Neoplatonism, the last school of Greek philosophy, given its definitive shape in the 3rd century ce by the one great philosophical and religious genius of the school, Plotinus. The ancient philosophers who are generally classified as Neoplatonists called themselves simple "Platonists," as did the
    Author:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Dec 23, 2024Platonism - Neoplatonism, Philosophy, Mysticism: Neoplatonism is the modern name given to the form of Platonism developed by Plotinus in the 3rd century ce and modified by his successors. It came to dominate the Greek philosophical schools and remained predominant until the teaching of philosophy by pagans ended in the second half of the 6th century ce. It represents the final form of pagan ...
  4. During these centuries philosophy was heavily influenced by Neoplatonism; Stoicism—the Hellenistic school of thought founded by Zeno of Citium (c. 335-263 bce)—and Aristotelianism played only a minor role. Augustine was awakened to the philosophical life by reading works of the Roman statesman Cicero (106-43 bce), but the Neoplatonists most decisively shaped his philosophical methods ...
    Author:Armand Maurer
  5. Dec 23, 2024Platonism - Neo-Platonism, Plotinus, Mysticism: As far as is known, the originator of this distinctive kind of Platonism was Plotinus (205-270 ce). He had been the pupil at Alexandria of a self-taught philosopher called Ammonius, who also taught the Christian Origen and the latter's pagan namesake, and whose influence on his pupils seems to have been deep and lasting. But Ammonius wrote ...
  6. Dec 23, 2024Platonism - Neoplatonists, Philosophy, Mysticism: Porphyry (c. 234-c. 305 ce), a devout disciple of Plotinus and a careful editor of his works, occupied a special position in the development of later Neoplatonism. In some ways his thought paralleled that of the later pagan Neoplatonists, but in others it quite opposed them. The most distinctive features of his thought seem to have been an ...
  7. Dec 23, 2024Platonism - Neoplatonism, Philosophy, Mysticism: With the gradual revival of philosophical thinking in the West that began in the Carolingian period (late 8th-9th centuries), the history of Platonism becomes extremely complex. Only a sketch distinguishing the main streams of a more or less Platonic tradition is given here. In the 4th century the Christian exegete Calcidius (Chalcidius ...
  8. The further history of Neoplatonism is extremely complicated. While Porphyry had emphasized the ethical element in Plotinus's philosophy, his disciple in Syria, Iamblichus of Chalcis (c. 250-c. 330), mingled Neoplatonism with neo-Pythagoreanism, writing on the Pythagorean way of life and on number theory. Above all, he multiplied the levels ...
  9. Jan 1, 2025Aedesius was a Greek philosopher whose ideas had their roots in Neoplatonism, a school of philosophy that grew out of the Idealism of Plato. Aedesius founded the so-called Pergamum school of philosophy, whose major concerns were theurgy (the magic practiced by some Neoplatonists who believed
  10. Dec 23, 2024Platonism, any philosophy that derives its ultimate inspiration from Plato.Though there was in antiquity a tradition about Plato's "unwritten doctrines," Platonism then and later was based primarily on a reading of the dialogues.But these can be read in many different ways, often very selectively, and it may be that all that the various kinds of Platonism can be said to have in common is ...
  11. Dec 23, 2024Platonism - Renaissance, Neoplatonism, Idealism: From the 15th century onward the dialogues of Plato and a large number of Middle Platonist and Neoplatonist works, above all the Enneads of Plotinus, became available in the original Greek in western Europe. As a result of this new acquaintance with the original texts, Platonic influences on Renaissance and post-Renaissance thought became even ...

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