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  2. F.H. Bradley (born January 30, 1846, Clapham, Surrey, England—died September 18, 1924, Oxford) was an influential English philosopher of the absolute Idealist school, which based its doctrines on the thought of G.W.F. Hegel and considered mind to be a more fundamental feature of the universe than matter.. Elected to a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, in 1870, Bradley soon became ill ...
    Author:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Phenomenology is another branch of philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness of beings who are conscious and who know that they are. The German philosopher Edmund Husserl founded the phenomenological movement in the early 20th century. A number of important thinkers, most notably the American sociologist and philosopher Alfred Schutz and the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, developed ...
  4. medieval philosophy, in the history of Western philosophy, the philosophical speculation that occurred in western Europe during the Middle Ages—i.e., from the fall of the western Roman Empire in the 5th century ce to the start of the European Renaissance in the 15th century. Philosophy of the medieval period was closely connected to Christian thought, particularly theology, and the chief ...
    Author:Armand Maurer
  5. solipsism, in philosophy, an extreme form of subjective idealism that denies that the human mind has any valid ground for believing in the existence of anything but itself. The British idealist F.H. Bradley, in Appearance and Reality (1893), characterized the solipsistic view as follows: I cannot transcend experience, and experience must be my ...
    Author:The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Jan 11, 2025idealism, in philosophy, any view that stresses the central role of the ideal or the spiritual in the interpretation of experience.It may hold that the world or reality exists essentially as spirit or consciousness, that abstractions and laws are more fundamental in reality than sensory things, or, at least, that whatever exists is known in dimensions that are chiefly mental—through and as ...
  7. Other articles where Appearance and Reality: A Metaphysical Essay is discussed: F.H. Bradley: Bradley's most ambitious work, Appearance and Reality: A Metaphysical Essay (1893), was, in his own words, a "critical discussion of first principles," meant "to stimulate inquiry and doubt." The book disappointed his followers, who expected a vindication of the truths of religion.
  8. 5 days agoHerbert Spencer (born April 27, 1820, Derby, Derbyshire, England—died December 8, 1903, Brighton, Sussex) was an English sociologist and philosopher, an early advocate of the theory of evolution, who achieved an influential synthesis of knowledge, advocating the preeminence of the individual over society and of science over religion.His magnum opus, The Synthetic Philosophy (1896), was a ...
  9. modern philosophy, in the history of Western philosophy, the philosophical speculation that occurred primarily in western Europe and North America from the 17th through the 19th century. The modern period is marked by the emergence of the broad schools of empiricism and rationalism and the epochal transformation of Western metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics by the German Enlightenment ...
  10. This a list of philosophers ordered alphabetically by country of origin or residence. In addition to philosophers, the list also includes figures whose ideas contributed significantly to philosophy. In the case of some historical figures not identified with an extant country, they are grouped by ethnic or cultural association.
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