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    Francis Herbert Bradley (January 30, 1846 - September 18, 1924) was a leading member of the philosophical movement known as British idealism, which was strongly influenced by Immanuel Kant and the German idealists, Johann Fichte, Friedrich Shelling, and G.W.F. Hegel.Bradley argued that both pluralism and realism contained inherent contradictions and proposed instead a combination of monism ...
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    In Knowledge and Reality, Bosanquet criticized Francis Herbert Bradley, and elaborated his theories on the relationship between the individual and the state. Philosophical Theory of the State followed in the tradition of Aristotle and Rousseau, arguing that the state (or society) is able to civilize individuals.
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    Major philosophers who have dealt with the Absolute include the German Idealists such as Schelling, Kant, and Hegel, and British philosophers such as Herbert Spencer, William Hamilton, Bernard Bosanquet, Francis Bradley, and Thomas Hill Green, and American idealist philosopher Josiah Royce. Concept of Absolute Etymology
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    Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy, which studies fundamental questions concerning the social or communal life of human beings.It inquires into a broad range of questions, such as the principles of justification of power and social governance, the grounds for the justification of certain forms of government, social obligations of constituting members of a society, and the origin ...
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    French philosopher Auguste Comte (1789-1857)—for seven years a student and collaborator of Saint-Simon—popularized and systematized the terms "positivism" and "positive philosophy." Comte argued that societies progress from a theological stage to a metaphysical one, and then to a scientific stage wherein the positivistic, scientific outlook ...
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    Philosophy of history or historiosophy is an area of philosophy concerning the eventual significance of human history.It examines the origin, goal, pattern, unit, determining factors for the process, and the overall nature of history. Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible teleological end to its development—that is, it asks if there is a design, purpose, directive principle, or ...
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    Empiricism is a term in philosophy for a set of philosophical positions that emphasize the role of experience. The category of experience may include all contents of consciousness or it may be restricted to the data of the senses only .. Empiricism contrasts with rationalist philosophical positions that emphasize the role of innate ideas, or a priori knowledge.
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    Johann Friedrich Herbart (May 4, 1776 - August 11, 1841) was a German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline. His work found little favor during his lifetime, but after his death it had profound influence on teaching practices. His theory of education, which brought ideas from both psychology and metaphysics, particularly ethics, into the study of learning ...
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    The three basic types of philosophical hedonism are psychological hedonism, which holds that the tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain is an essential attribute of human nature; evaluative or ethical hedonism, which sets up certain ethical or moral ends as desirable because attaining them will result in happiness; and reflective, or normative hedonism, which seeks to define value in terms ...
  11. newworldencyclopedia.org

    Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature, origins, and usage of language.As a topic, the philosophy of language for Analytic Philosophers has been concerned with four central problems: the nature of meaning, language use, language cognition, and the relationship between language and reality. For Continental philosophers, however, the philosophy of language tends to be ...

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