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  1. More Images

    Mutation

    In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitosis, or meiosis or other types of damage to DNA, which then may undergo error-prone repair, cause an error during other forms of repair, or cause an error during replication. Mutations may also result from substitution, insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce detectable changes in the observable characteristics of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity. Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, providing the raw material on which evolutionary forces such as natural selection can act. Wikipedia

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  2. britannica.com

    4 days agoThe genome is composed of one to several long molecules of DNA, and mutation can occur potentially anywhere on these molecules at any time. The most serious changes take place in the functional units of DNA, the genes.A mutated form of a gene is called a mutant allele.A gene is typically composed of a regulatory region, which is responsible for turning the gene's transcription on and off at ...
    • Point Mutation

      point mutation, change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. Point mutations are frequently the result of mistakes made during DNA replication, although modification of DNA, such as through exposure to X-rays or to ultraviolet radiation, also can induce point mutations.. There are two types of point mutations: transition mutations and transversion mutations.

    • Anthony J.F. Griffiths

      With each edition, An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (IGA) evolves discovery by discovery with the world of genetic research, taking students from the foundations of Mendelian genetics to the latest findings and applications by focusing on the landmark experiments that define the field.With its author team of prominent scientists who are also highly accomplished educators, IGA again combines ...

    • Somatic Mutation

      Somatic mutation, genetic alteration acquired by a cell that can be passed to the progeny of the mutated cell in the course of cell division. Somatic mutations are frequently caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation or to certain chemicals.

    • Mutation Summary

      mutation, Alteration in the genetic material of a cell that is transmitted to the cell's offspring.Mutations may be spontaneous or induced by outside factors (mutagens). They take place in the genes, occurring when one base is substituted for another in the sequence of bases that determines the genetic code, or when one or more bases are inserted or deleted from a gene.

  3. National Human Genome Research Institute | NHGRI

    https://www.genome.gov › genetics-glossary › Mutation

    1 day agoA mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses. ... This is very different than what we often see in science fiction in movies. In real life, a mutation is never so beneficial that ...
  4. my.clevelandclinic.org

    Germline mutation: A change in a gene that occurs in a parent's reproductive cells (egg or sperm) that affects the genetic makeup of their child (hereditary). Somatic mutation: A change in a gene that occurs after conception in the developing embryo that may become a baby. These occur in all cells in the developing body — except the sperm ...
  5. biologyonline.com

    A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene or a chromosome. Based on the effect of mutation on the gene structure, mutations are (1) small-scale or (2) large-scale. Small-scale mutations are a type of mutation where one or a few nucleotides of a gene are affected.; A large-scale mutation is a chromosomal mutation, e.g. deletion, inversion, or amplification of a region of a ...
  6. evolution.berkeley.edu

    Digging Data. Mutations - changes in the genetic sequence of DNA or RNA - are the raw material for evolution. Natural selection, genetic drift, and other evolutionary processes act on genetic variation - and that genetic variation starts with mutation. Even if a genetic variant is introduced to a population through migration, ultimately, that variant got its start as a mutation.
  7. Advances in DNA sequencing have enabled the identification of human germline and somatic mutations at a genome-wide scale.These studies have confirmed, refined, and extended our understanding on the origins, mechanistic basis, and empirical characteristics of human mutations, including both replicative and nonreplicative errors (), heterogeneity in the rates and spectrum of mutations within ...
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