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Other articles where history of Switzerland is discussed: Switzerland: History of Switzerland: Switzerland's history is one of a medieval defensive league formed during a time and in an area lacking imperial authority. The different cantons (traditionally called Orte in German) were to a large extent independent states that remained united through the shared defense of…
Switzerland - Alps, Neutrality, Banking: The year 1848 was a decisive turning point in Swiss history. Although internal conflict was not wholly eliminated thereafter, it was always settled within the framework of the 1848 federal constitution. The liberals and radicals, who completely dominated the state in the 19th century and remained a leading force into the 21st century, gradually and not ...
Switzerland - Alps, Neutrality, Confederation: Despite the Swiss Confederation's economic expansion, its political institutions were poorly prepared to meet the forces set loose by the French Revolution: the 13 cantons had no central government; each had its own army; religious antagonisms persisted; the rural cantons were suspicious of the towns; the small cantons were jealous of the larger ...
Switzerland - Alps, Confederation, Cantons: Switzerland's then biggest town, Basel, became a cultural centre as a result of the Council of Basel (1431-49), the foundation of its university (1460), and its printing industry, which attracted famed Renaissance scholar Desiderius Erasmus, whose Christian philosophy became the heart of humanism in Switzerland. One of Erasmus's most eager ...
The French organized Switzerland as the Helvetic Republic in 1798. In 1815 the Congress of Vienna recognized Swiss independence and guaranteed its neutrality. A new federal state was formed in 1848 with Bern as the capital. Switzerland remained neutral in both World War I and World War II and has continued to defend this neutrality.
Switzerland - Alps, Confederation, Medieval: The communities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden were populated by a large number of free peasants. Originally, secular or ecclesiastic lords had sent them to clear the woods and cultivate the land in the severe environmental conditions of the Alpine valleys. Problems relating to the use of pasturelands, overgrazing, the cutting of forests, and ...
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