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  1. Carbon

    Chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6; common element of all known life

    Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, ¹²C and ¹³C being stable, while ¹⁴C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of 5,700 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth, enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass after oxygen. Wikipedia

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  2. sciencedirect.com

    Carbon is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes scientific advances in the field of carbon-based materials, including low-dimensional carbon nanostructures. The journal covers topics such as formation, structure, properties, applications, and sustainability of carbons, as well as related compounds and composites.
  3. Carbon is unique among the elements in its ability to form strongly bonded chains, sealed off by hydrogen atoms. These hydrocarbons, extracted naturally as fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), are mostly used as fuels. A small but important fraction is used as a feedstock for the petrochemical industries producing polymers, fibres, paints ...
  4. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

    Carbon is unique among the elements in the vast number and variety of compounds it can form. With hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements, it forms a very large number of compounds, carbon atom often being linked to another carbon atom. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to organic ...
  5. periodic-table.com

    Occurrence. Carbon is characterized as the 4 th most abundant element in the universe and the 15 th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Biologically, carbon holds a significant position and is part of all living systems. In humans, carbon makes about 18.5% of body mass and is the second most abundant element in the body [2].
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