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  1. Prisoner's dilemma

    The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner for individual gain. The dilemma arises from the fact that while defecting is rational for each agent, cooperation yields a higher payoff for each. The puzzle was designed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher in 1950 during their work at the RAND Corporation. They invited economist Armen Alchian and mathematician John Williams to play a hundred rounds of the game, observing that Alchian and Williams often chose to cooperate. When asked about the results, John Nash remarked that rational behavior in the iterated version of the game can differ from that in a single-round version. This insight anticipated a key result in game theory: cooperation can emerge in repeated interactions, even in situations where it is not rational in a one-off interaction. Wikipedia

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  2. en.wikipedia.org

    The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual gain.The dilemma arises from the fact that while defecting is rational for each agent, cooperation yields a higher payoff for each. The puzzle was designed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher in 1950 ...
  3. plato.stanford.edu

    \(p_n\) is the probability of cooperation on round n, \(x[+]y = min(x+y,1)\) and x[-]y=max(x-y,0). Adaptive Pavlov: APavlov: Employs TFT for the first six rounds, places opponent into one of five categories according to its responses and plays an optimal strategy for each. Details described in Li pp 89-104.
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  5. psychestudy.com

    The Winning Strategy. Robert Axlerod wrote about Iterated Prisoners' Dilemma in his book The Evolution of Cooperation (1984). In his book, he reported on the tournament he organized by setting N number of steps for the repetition of prisoners' dilemma.Participants had to choose mutual strategy again and again recalling the choice made by the opposite participant in previous encounters.
  6. journals.plos.org

    Dec 26, 2024Introduction. The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) is a repeated two-player game that models behavioral interactions, specifically interactions where self-interest clashes with collective interest.It encompasses a wide range of social and biological phenomena. In each turn of the game, both players simultaneously and independently decide between cooperation (C) and defection (D).
  7. heritage.umich.edu

    It's not like chess, where it's winner-take-all. In the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, as Axelrod writes, "the interests of the players are not in total conflict. Both players can do well by getting the reward for mutual cooperation or both can do poorly by getting the punishment for mutual defection…
  8. graham-kendall.com

    The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: 20 Years On 3 choice and then your decisions are revealed. You receive a payo according to the following matrix (where the top line is the payo to the column). Cooperate Defect Cooperate R = 3 T = 5 R = 3 S = 0 Defect S = 0 P = 1 T = 5 P = 1 R is a Reward for mutual cooperation. Therefore, if both players coop-
  9. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

    Iterated 2 × 2 games, with Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) as the notable example, have long been touchstone models for elucidating both sentient human behaviors, such as cartel pricing, and Darwinian phenomena, such as the evolution of cooperation (1-6).Well-known popular treatments (7-9) have further established IPD as foundational lore in fields as diverse as political science and ...
  10. The iterated prisoner's dilemma is a game that allows to understand various basic truths about social behaviour and how cooperation between entities is established and evolves sharing same space: living organisms sharing an ecological niche, companies competitors fighting over a market, people with questions about the value of conducting a ...

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